scholarly journals Role of β2 Integrins in Neutrophils and Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Yuki ◽  
Lifei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Β2 Integrin ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Β2 Integrins

ABSTRACT Sepsis remains medically challenging, with high morbidity and mortality. A novel intervention is urgently needed in the absence of specific, targeted therapy. Neutrophils act as double-edged swords in sepsis; they can help to eradicate microbes, but they also contribute to tissue injury. β2 integrins are critical adhesion molecules that regulate a number of neutrophil functions. β2 integrins consist of four members, namely, αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2, and αDβ2. Here, we review the role of each β2 integrin in neutrophils and sepsis and consider future direction for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Meningoencephalitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
Ronald D. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
Cerebral Angiitis

ABSTRACT:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus can be complicated by a delayed ipsilateral cerebral angiitis which may cause infarction and a smoldering meningoencephalitis. We describe such a case treated successfully with steroids and acyclovir. It is important to consider the diagnosis of this disorder early since therapeutic intervention may prevent an otherwise high morbidity and mortality. Steroids may have to be continued for some time after clinical resolution, using the ESR as a guideline for decreasing dosages.

scholarly journals ROLE OF CARDIAC MARKERS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Thanna ◽  
B K Agarwal ◽  
Rakesh Romday ◽  
Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known as important reasons of the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The association of serum Interlukin-6 , homocysteine as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in relation to existence and cause of CVD were investigated. Method: In this study 200 CRF patients were recruited and further stratified into group with Male and Female as case groups. Those without renal failure were assigned as control group (n=200). Results: The patients with CRF showed a significant increase in plasma levels of Cpk-MB homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to control. The positive association were observed between homocysteine, Urea and Hs-CRP, IL_6 . It shows a significant Association of parameters in CRF . Conclusion: The results demonstrated elevation in plasma values IL-6 , homocysteine and HS-CRP in patients with CRF . However, these modifications may be lead to atherosclerosis and consequence CVD event. These parameters may be important with respect to the high morbidity and mortality of CVD found in patients with CRF.

scholarly journals The role of zinc supplementation for diarrhoea in children: a critical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Wulandari Berliani Putri ◽  
Syaefudin Ali Akhmad ◽  
Sufi Desrini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Selection

Background: Nearly 1.7 million children suffer from diarrhoea and around 760,000 die each year. The high prevalence of diarrhoea in the developing countries is closely related to lack of safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and poor health and nutritional status. These environmental conditions facilitate the spread of infectious disease easily. The great morbidity and mortality of this preventable and treatable disease raise concern on how to save children from this fatal disease by improving management of diarrhoea. Several studies suggest that zinc deficiency contribute towards high morbidity and mortality in diarrhoea. Further, there is an area of uncertainty regarding how significant zinc supplementation will help to reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea in children compared to the diarrhoea management without zinc? Objective: To critically analyse the current evidences of zinc supplementation in diarrhoea. Data Sources: Keywords searching through MEDLINE Ovid database and additional references from retrieved articles. Study Selection: Limited to randomized controlled trial(RCT) study design and systematic review studies which were conducted from 2006 to 2016. However, there is one prospective cohort study included as it is a follow-up of subjects who participated in the previous double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Data Synthesis: This review involves a summary of 10 articles that have been appraised on their relevance in evaluating the role of zinc in reducing severity and duration of diarrhoea in children. Further, the literature found is synthesised through method used in the studies and the effectiveness of zinc therapy Conclusion: Zinc is relatively safe to be used and it can improve diarrhoea management especially in developing countries. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.190-195

scholarly journals Differential attenuation of β2 integrin–dependent and –independent neutrophil migration by Ly6G ligation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Cunin ◽  
Pui Y. Lee ◽  
Edy Kim ◽  
Angela B. Schmider ◽  
Nathalie Cloutier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Β2 Integrin ◽  
Β2 Integrins ◽  
Neutrophil Surface

Abstract Antibody ligation of the murine neutrophil surface protein Ly6G disrupts neutrophil migration in some contexts but not others. We tested whether this variability reflected divergent dependence of neutrophil migration on β2 integrins, adhesion molecules that interact with Ly6G at the neutrophil surface. In integrin-dependent murine arthritis, Ly6G ligation attenuated joint inflammation, even though mice lacking Ly6G altogether developed arthritis normally. By contrast, Ly6G ligation had no impact on integrin-independent neutrophil migration into inflamed lung. In peritoneum, the role of β2 integrins varied with stimulus, proving dispensable for neutrophil entry in Escherichia coli peritonitis but contributory in interleukin 1 (IL-1)–mediated sterile peritonitis. Correspondingly, Ly6G ligation attenuated only IL-1 peritonitis, disrupting the molecular association between integrins and Ly6G and inducing cell-intrinsic blockade restricted to integrin-dependent migration. Consistent with this observation, Ly6G ligation impaired integrin-mediated postadhesion strengthening for neutrophils arresting on activated cremaster endothelium in vivo. Together, these findings identify selective inhibition of integrin-mediated neutrophil emigration through Ly6G ligation, highlighting the marked site and stimulus specificity of β2 integrin dependence in neutrophil migration.

scholarly journals Vector Control of Zoonotic Arbovirus Disease in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Fitrine Ekawasti ◽  
Eny Martindah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Arbovirus Diseases

Zoonotic Arbovirus diseases which are caused by the genus of Flavivirus, Alphavirus, and Bunyavirus, are transmitted through potential vectors. These diseases are commonly occurred, especially in tropical countries, including Indonesia. They can affect the economic development because of the high morbidity and mortality. This paper describes the incidence of zoonotic Arbovirus in Indonesia and the strategy to control its vector. Factors that support the occurrence of zoonotic Arbovirus diseases are environmental, demographic and behavioral changes, as well as advanced technology, transportation and global trade. These diseases would not occur without the role of vectors. Vector control can be carried out effectively through longitudinal surveillance to identify types of potential vectors in the area. Therefore to prevent the increased incidence of the diseases, controlling the vector is necessary.

scholarly journals Didžiosios taukinės naudojimas pūliniam mediastinitui po vidurinės sternotomijos gydyti

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Gediminas Kundrotas ◽  
Vilija Jakumaitė
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Omental Flap ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Omental Transfer

Gediminas Kundrotas, Vilija JakumaitėKlaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninės Kardiochirurgijos skyrius, Liepojos g. 45, LT-92288 KlaipėdaEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Mediastinitas po širdies operacijų lemia sunkią ligonių būklę ir didelį mirštamumą. Žinomi keli šios komplikacijos chirurginio gydymo metodai. Šiame darbe vertinami tarpuplaučio plastikos didžiąja taukine (omentoplastikos) rezultatai. Ligoniai ir metodai Klaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninėje nuo 2002 m. lapkričio 15 d. iki 2007 m. kovo 1 d. atliktos 1629 širdies operacijos per vidurinės sternotomijos pjūvį. 29 (1,8%) ligoniams operacija komplikavosi pūliniu mediastinitu, kuris buvo gydomas atviru būdu, uždaru būdu arba omentolpastika. Operacijos metodas priklausė nuo chirurgo pasirinkimo. Rezultatai Ligonių, kuriems atlikta omentoplastika, pooperacinė būklė buvo lengvesnė negu ligonių, kurie gydyti atviru ar uždaru būdu, trumpesnis jų gulėjimo laikas, mažesnis mirštamumas, rečiau prireikė pakartotinės chirurginės intervencijos. Omenpolastika sėkmingai atlikta ir tiems ligoniams, kuriems anksčiau laparoskopiškai buvo pašalinta tulžies pūslė. Išvados Omentoplastika yra geresnis mediastinitų gydymo metodas už atvirąjį ir uždarąjį metodus. Didžiąją taukinę omentoplastikai galima naudoti po buvusių laparoskopinių cholecistektomijų. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vidurinė sternotomija, mediastinitas, omentoplastika The role of greater omentum in treating poststernotomy mediastinitis GEDIMINAS KUNDROTAS, VILIJA JAKUMAITĖKlaipėda Seamen’s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery,Liepojos str. 45, LT-92288 Klaipėda, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Mediastinitis following median sternotomy causes high morbidity and mortality. Several mediastinitis treatment methods are known. We analyzed the results of plastic procedure with omental flap. Patients and methods Between November 15, 2002, and March 3, 2007, 1629 open heart procedures were performed using median sternotomy. Mediastinitis developed in 29 (1.8 %) patients. Open drainage, closed irrigation or omental transfer were used to treat mediastinitis. The choice of the procedure was made according to the surgeon’s preference. Results The patients treated by omental transfer had reduced morbidity and mortality as well as shorter treatment duration. The number of reoperations was also lower in this group. The omental flap was also successfully applied to patients who have previously undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusions The mediastinitis treatment by omental transfer is superior to open drainage or closed irrigation. The omental flap can be successfully used in patients who have previously undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Key words: median sternotomy, mediastinitis, omental transfer

scholarly journals Prophylactic antibiotics in acute pancreatitis: endless debate

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Mourad ◽  
RPT Evans ◽  
V Kalidindi ◽  
R Navaratnam ◽  
L Dvorkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Infected Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Infection

INTRODUCTION The development of pancreatic infection is associated with the development of a deteriorating disease with subsequent high morbidity and mortality. There is agreement that in mild pancreatitis there is no need to use antibiotics; in severe pancreatitis it would appear to be a logical choice to use antibiotics to prevent secondary pancreatic infection and decrease associated mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic review of current evidence, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the role of prophylactic antibiotics in acute pancreatitis and whether it might improve morbidity and mortality in pancreatitis. RESULTS Mixed evidence was found to support and refute the role of prophylactic antibiotics in acute pancreatitis. Most studies have failed to demonstrate much benefit from its routine use. Data from our unit suggested little benefit of their routine use, and showed that the mortality of those treated with antibiotics was significantly higher compared with those not treated with antibiotics (9% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.043). In addition, the antibiotic group had significantly higher morbidity (36% vs 5%, respectively, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics should be used in patients who develop sepsis, infected necrosis-related systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or pancreatic and extra-pancreatic infection. Despite the many other factors that should be considered, prompt antibiotic therapy is recommended once inflammatory markers are raised, to prevent secondary pancreatic infection. Unfortunately, there remain many unanswered questions regarding the indications for antibiotic administration and the patients who benefit from antibiotic treatment in acute pancreatitis.

scholarly journals β2 Integrins Control the Severity of Murine Lyme Carditis

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3242-3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano ◽  
Joseph Alroy ◽  
Brigitte T. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Β2 Integrin ◽  
Lyme Carditis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Β2 Integrins

ABSTRACT Infection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi can result in development of arthritis and carditis. B. burgdorferi induces expression of β2/CD18 integrins, adhesion molecules that mediate the firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium necessary for cellular extravasation during inflammation. The important role of β2/CD18 integrins during extravasation suggests that these molecules play a role in the development of Lyme arthritis and carditis. The dependency of these inflammatory processes on the β2 integrins was investigated in CD18 hypomorph mice, which express low levels of CD18. The results indicate that CD18 deficiency did not abrogate development of Lyme arthritis or carditis. Moreover, it resulted in increased severity of Lyme carditis. B. burgdorferi-infected CD18 hypomorph mice showed an increased macrophage infiltration of the heart, while they produced lower levels of borreliacidal anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies compared to wild-type mice. In accordance with these results, we demonstrate that dendritic cells from CD18 hypomorph mice secrete higher levels of monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in response to B. burgdorferi. Similarly, we show by real-time PCR that B. burgdorferi-infected hearts from CD18 hypomorph mice express increased levels of MCP-1 RNA compared to wild-type mice. Overall, our results indicate that β2 integrin deficiency does not abrogate B. burgdorferi-induced inflammation; rather, it results in increased recruitment of macrophages into the B. burgdorferi-infected heart, likely due to the increased expression of MCP-1 in this tissue. Thus, β2 integrins may play a regulatory role in B. burgdorferi-induced inflammation beyond mediating adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium.

scholarly journals Role of Hydrogen Sulfide, Substance P and Adhesion Molecules in Acute Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12136
Author(s):  
Ayush Kumar ◽  
Madhav Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Natural Response

Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.

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