Development of Opsonic Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci

ABSTRACTMultidrug-resistant enterococci are major causes of hospital-acquired infections. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting bacterial antigens would be a valuable treatment option in this setting. Here, we describe the development of two MAbs through hybridoma technology that target antigens from the most clinically relevant enterococcal species. Diheteroglycan (DHG), a well-characterized capsular polysaccharide ofEnterococcus faecalis, and the secreted antigen A (SagA), an immunogenic protein fromEnterococcus faecium, are both immunogens that have been proven to raise opsonic and cross-reactive antibodies against enterococcal strains. For this purpose, a conjugated form of the native DHG with SagA was used to raise the antibodies in mice, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic assay were combined in the selection process of hybridoma cells producing immunoreactive and opsonic antibodies targeting the selected antigens. From this process, two highly specific IgG1(κ) MAbs were obtained, one against the polysaccharide (DHG.01) and one against the protein (SagA.01). Both MAbs exhibited good opsonic killing against the target bacterial strains: DHG.01 showed 90% killing againstE. faecalistype 2, and SagA.01 showed 40% killing againstE. faecium11231/6. In addition, both MAbs showed cross-reactivity toward otherE. faecalisandE. faeciumstrains. The sequences from the variable regions of the heavy and light chains were reconstructed in expression vectors, and the activity of the MAbs upon expression in eukaryotic cells was confirmed with the same immunological assays. In summary, we identified two opsonic MAbs against enterococci which could be used for therapeutic or prophylactic approaches against enterococcal infections.

Download Full-text

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Immunorecessive Epitopes of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, Reduce Serotype Bias in an Immunoassay for Cryptococcal Antigen

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05052-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1292-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ann Percival ◽

Peter Thorkildson ◽

Thomas R. Kozel

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Content Type ◽

Screening Strategies ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

High Degree

ABSTRACTImmunoassay for detection of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide ofCryptococcus neoformans, is an important tool for diagnosis of cryptococcosis. However, immunoassays that are based solely or in part on detection with polyclonal antibodies may show serotype bias in detection of GXM, particularly limited sensitivity for serotype C. In this study, we describe detection of GXM in an antigen capture sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used a cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). MAb F12D2 was previously produced by immunization with GXM that had been treated to removeO-acetyl groups, a major source of serotype specificity. MAb F12D2 has a high degree of reactivity with GXM of serotypes A, B, C, and D, but the reactivity with serotype D was less than was found with other MAbs. MAb 339 is highly reactive with GXM of serotypes A and D. Use of a combination of the two MAbs produced an immunoassay that had the best properties of both MAbs, including good reactivity with serotype C, which is an emerging threat in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest that next-generation immunoassays for diagnosis of cryptococcosis may be formulated by (i) use of immunization and hybridoma screening strategies that are designed to prospectively meet the needs of immunoassay performance and (ii) careful selection of MAbs that span the expected polysaccharide serotypes in the subject patient population.

Download Full-text

Antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide Enhance Pneumococcal Quorum Sensing

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00176-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Masahide Yano ◽

Shruti Gohil ◽

J. Robert Coleman ◽

Catherine Manix ◽

Liise-anne Pirofski

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Effector Cell ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Genetic Exchange ◽

Content Type ◽

Specific Antibodies

ABSTRACTThe use of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS)-based vaccines has resulted in a substantial reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease. However, much remains to be learned about vaccine-mediated immunity, as seven-valent PPS-protein conjugate vaccine use in children has been associated with nonvaccine serotype replacement and 23-valent vaccine use in adults has not prevented pneumococcal pneumonia. In this report, we demonstrate that certain PPS-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) enhance the transformation frequency of two differentStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotypes. This phenomenon was mediated by PPS-specific MAbs that agglutinate but do not promote opsonic effector cell killing of the homologous serotypeinvitro. Compared to the autoinducer, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) alone, transcriptional profiling of pneumococcal gene expression after incubation with CSP and one such MAb to the PPS of serotype 3 revealed changes in the expression of competence (com)-related and bacteriocin-like peptide (blp) genes involved in pneumococcal quorum sensing. This MAb was also found to induce a nearly 2-fold increase in CSP2-mediated bacterial killing or fratricide. These observations reveal a novel, direct effect of PPS-binding MAbs on pneumococcal biology that has important implications for antibody immunity to pneumococcus in the pneumococcal vaccine era. Taken together, our data suggest heretofore unsuspected mechanisms by which PPS-specific antibodies could affect genetic exchange and bacterial viability in the absence of host cells.IMPORTANCECurrent thought holds that pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS)-binding antibodies protect against pneumococcus by inducing effector cell opsonic killing of the homologous serotype. While such antibodies are an important part of how pneumococcal vaccines protect against pneumococcal disease, PPS-specific antibodies that do not exhibit this activity but are highly protective against pneumococcus in mice have been identified. This article examines the effect of nonopsonic PPS-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on the biology ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. The results showed that in the presence of a competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), such MAbs increase the frequency of pneumococcal transformation. Further studies with one such MAb showed that it altered the expression of genes involved in quorum sensing and increased competence-induced killing or fratricide. These findings reveal a novel, previously unsuspected mechanism by which certain PPS-specific antibodies exert a direct effect on pneumococcal biology that has broad implications for bacterial clearance, genetic exchange, and antibody immunity to pneumococcus.

Download Full-text

Investigation of major amino acid residues of anti-norfloxacin monoclonal antibodies responsible for binding with fluoroquinolones

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96466-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patamalai Boonserm ◽

Songchan Puthong ◽

Thanaporn Wichai ◽

Sajee Noitang ◽

Pongsak Khunrae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Amino Acid ◽

3D Structure ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Variable Regions ◽

Complementarity Determining Regions ◽

Crucial Part ◽

Major Amino Acid

AbstractIt is important to understand the amino acid residues that govern the properties of the binding between antibodies and ligands. We studied the binding of two anti-norfloxacins, anti-nor 132 and anti-nor 155, and the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Binding cross-reactivities tested by an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that anti-nor 132 (22–100%) had a broader range of cross-reactivity than anti-nor 155 (62–100%). These cross-reactivities correlated with variations in the numbers of interacting amino acid residues and their positions. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the molecular interactions between the fluoroquinolones and the monoclonal antibodies. Homology models of the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of each mAb 3D structure were docked with the fluoroquinolones targeting the crucial part of the complementarity-determining regions. The fluoroquinolone binding site of anti-nor 155 was a region of the HCDR3 and LCDR3 loops in which hydrogen bonds were formed with TYR (H:35), ASN (H:101), LYS (H:106), ASN (L:92), and ASN (L:93). These regions were further away in anti-nor 132 and could not contact the fluoroquinolones. Another binding region consisting of HIS (L:38) and ASP (H:100) was found for norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, whereas only ASP (H:100) was found for ofloxacin.

Download Full-text

Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Cell Interleukin-8 Secretion by Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Type 8 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.12.6775-6783.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 6775-6783 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tamika Burns ◽

Zhaojing Zhong ◽

Michael Steinitz ◽

Liise-anne Pirofski

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Classical Complement Pathway

ABSTRACT Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PS) vaccines induce type-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA. Type-specific IgG to the PS is sufficient to confer protection against the homologous serotype of the pneumococcus, but the efficacies of type-specific IgM and IgA are less well understood. We examined the in vitro activities and efficacies in mice of two human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to type 8 PS, NAD (IgA) and D11 (IgM). MAb-mediated opsonophagocytic killing was evaluated after coculture of type 8 pneumococci with human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), type-specific or control MAbs, and human complement sources. The effects of the MAbs on PMN interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 secretion were determined in supernatants from cocultures containing pneumococci and PMNs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAb efficacy was determined in an intratracheal model of type 8 infection in mice with classical complement pathway deficiency. Both MAbs were protective in 100% of infected mice. Neither MAb promoted a significant amount of killing of type 8 pneumococci compared to its isotype control MAb. Both type-specific MAbs mediated complement-dependent modulation of PMN IL-8 secretion, with increased secretion at effector/target (E:T) ratios of 500:1 and 50:1 and reduced secretion at 1:5. Trypan blue staining revealed that PMNs cocultured with D11 were less viable at an E:T ratio of 1:5 than PMNs cocultured with the control MAb. PMN IL-6 secretion was increased by both type-specific and control MAbs. These results suggest that certain type-specific IgM and IgAs might contribute to host defense by modulation of the inflammatory response to pneumococci.

Download Full-text

Avidity, Potency, and Cross-Reactivity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Serotype 6B

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.1.336-344.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 336-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Yan Sun ◽

Young-il Hwang ◽

Moon H. Nahm

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antigen Binding ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

The Cross ◽

Binding Titer

ABSTRACT Many pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSs) are similar in structure, and a pneumococcal antibody often binds to all of the PSs with a similar structure. Yet, these cross-reactive antibodies may bind to the structurally related pneumococcal capsular PSs with an avidity too low to be effective. If memory B cells producing such weakly cross-reactive antibodies are elicited with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, the memory cells for low-avidity antibodies could compromise the subsequent immune responses to the cross-reactive PS (original antigenic sin). To investigate these issues, we produced 14 hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the capsular PS ofStreptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B by immunizing BALB/c mice with antigens containing 6B PS and studied their epitope, avidity, in vitro opsonizing capacity, in vivo protective capacity, and “antigen binding titer” by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of 6A and 6B capsular PSs. Six MAbs bound to the non-cross-reactive 6B-specific epitope, and seven MAbs bound to the cross-reactive epitope present in both 6A and 6B PSs One MAb (Hyp6BM6) revealed a novel epitope. This epitope was found on 6A PS in solution, but not on 6A PS adsorbed onto the plastic surface of the ELISA plates. The avidity of the MAb for 6A or 6B PS ranged from 7.8 × 106 M−1 to 4.1 × 1011M−1. No MAbs were weakly cross-reactive, since none of the cross-reactive MAbs showed any tendency toward having less avidity to 6A PS (the cross-reactive PS) than to 6B PS. Avidity influenced the results of several antibody assays. When all of the hybridomas were examined, avidity strongly correlated with the titer of a unit amount of MAb to bind antigen-coated ELISA plates (r = 0.91) or to opsonize pneumococci in vitro (r = −0.85). Because both assay results are avidity dependent, the ELISA and the opsonization assay results were strongly correlated (r= 0.91), regardless of avidity. Avidity also correlated with the potency of a MAb to passively protect mice against pneumococcal infections. When only the immunoglobulin G hybridomas were examined, little increase in opsonizing capacity and in vivo protective potency was observed above 109 M−1. Taken together, an ELISA measuring antigen binding titer may be an adequate measure of the protective immunity induced with pneumococcal vaccines, and the absence of a partially cross-reactive MAb suggests that antigenic sin may not be significant in responses to vaccines against the S. pneumoniae 6B serotype.

Download Full-text

Production of species-specific monoclonal antibodies that react with surface components on zoospores and cysts of Phytophthora nicotianae

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w98-120 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 1161-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A V Robold ◽

A R Hardham

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽

The Other ◽

Hybridoma Cells ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Hybridoma Cell Lines ◽

Species Specific

Monoclonal antibodies were generated against components on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the Oomycete, Phytophthora nicotianae, with the aim of obtaining antibodies diagnostic for this species of plant pathogen. A dipstick version of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen hybridoma cell lines produced by following a coimmunization protocol in which a mouse was immunized with Phytophthora nicotianae cysts mixed with murine antisera raised against cysts of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cryptogea. Of the nine hybridoma cells lines which remained positive, five produced antibodies that reacted with species-specific epitopes on the surface of the spores. Immunofluorescence, immunogold, and immunoblot labelling showed that three of the five species-specific antibodies reacted with a polypeptide of relative molecular mass greater than 205 kDa which was distributed over the entire zoospore surface, including that of the two flagella. These antibodies also labelled the surface of cysts to varying degrees. The other two species-specific antibodies bound to the shaft of tubular mastigonemes that form two rows on the anterior flagellum. In immunoblots, one of these antibodies recognised a 40-kDa glycoprotein. Antibodies produced by the other four hybridoma cell lines reacted with all Phytophthora and Pythium species tested. The results (i) showed that the coimmunization technique effectively produced antibodies directed towards components specific for Phytophthora nicotianae in the presence of antigens common to many Phytophthora species, and (ii) revealed for the first time the biochemical nature of molecular constituents of flagellar mastigonemes in the Oomycetes.Key words: cell surface, flagella, immunodiagnostics, mastigonemes, monoclonal antibodies.

Download Full-text

Amikacin-Fosfomycin at a Five-to-Two Ratio: Characterization of Mutation Rates in Microbial Strains Causing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Interactions with Commonly Used Antibiotics

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02779-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 3708-3713 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. Bruce Montgomery ◽

Paul R. Rhomberg ◽

Tammy Abuan ◽

Kathie-Anne Walters ◽

Robert K. Flamm

Keyword(s):

Fold Increase ◽

Serial Passage ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Content Type ◽

Development Of Resistance

ABSTRACTThe amikacin-fosfomycin inhalation system (AFIS), a combination of antibiotics administered with an in-line nebulizer delivery system, is being developed for adjunctive treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Thein vitrocharacterization of amikacin-fosfomycin (at a 5:2 ratio) described here included determining resistance selection rates for pathogens that are representative of those commonly associated with VAP (including multidrug-resistant strains) and evaluating interactions with antibiotics commonly used intravenously to treat VAP. Spontaneous resistance to amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) was not observed for most strains tested (n, 10/14). Four strains had spontaneously resistant colonies (frequencies, 4.25 × 10−8to 3.47 × 10−10), for which amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) MICs were 2- to 8-fold higher than those for the original strains. After 7 days of serial passage, resistance (>4-fold increase over the baseline MIC) occurred in fewer strains (n, 4/14) passaged in the presence of amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) than with either amikacin (n, 7/14) or fosfomycin (n, 12/14) alone. Interactions between amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) and 10 comparator antibiotics in checkerboard testing against 30 different Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial strains were synergistic (fractional inhibitory concentration [FIC] index, ≤0.5) for 6.7% (n, 10/150) of combinations tested. No antagonism was observed. Synergy was confirmed by time-kill methodology for amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) plus cefepime (againstEscherichia coli), aztreonam (againstPseudomonas aeruginosa), daptomycin (againstEnterococcus faecalis), and azithromycin (againstStaphylococcus aureus). Amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) was bactericidal at 4-fold the MIC for 7 strains tested. The reduced incidence of development of resistance to amikacin-fosfomycin (5:2) compared with that for amikacin or fosfomycin alone, and the lack of negative interactions with commonly used intravenous antibiotics, further supports the development of AFIS for the treatment of VAP.

Download Full-text

The Vi Conjugate Typhoid Vaccine Is Safe, Elicits Protective Levels of IgG Anti-Vi, and Is Compatible with Routine Infant Vaccines

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00532-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 730-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Vu Dinh Thiem ◽

Feng-Ying C. Lin ◽

Do Gia Canh ◽

Nguyen Hong Son ◽

Dang Duc Anh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Type B ◽

Protective Level ◽

Content Type ◽

Expanded Program On Immunization ◽

Routine Infant

ABSTRACTTyphoid fever remains a serious problem in developing countries. Current vaccines are licensed for individuals who are 5 years old or older. A conjugate of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (Vi) bound to recombinant exoprotein A ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(Vi-rEPA) enhanced Vi immunogenicity and protected 2- to 5-year-olds in Vietnam. In this study, Vi-rEPA was evaluated for use in infants. A total of 301 full-term Vietnamese infants received Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines alone or with Vi-rEPA orHaemophilus influenzaetype b-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Hib-TT) at 2, 4, and 6 months and Vi-rEPA or Hib-TT alone at 12 months. Infants were visited 6, 24, and 48 h after each injection to monitor adverse reactions. Maternal, cord, and infant sera were assayed for IgG anti-Vi and for IgG antibodies to Hib CP and the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxins at 7, 12, and 13 months. No vaccine-related serious adverse reactions occurred. In the Vi-rEPA group, the IgG anti-Vi geometric mean (GM) increased from the cord level of 0.66 to 17.4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) at 7 months, declined to 4.76 EU at 12 months, and increased to 50.1 EU 1 month after the 4th dose (95% of infants had levels of ≥3.5 EU, the estimated protective level). Controls had no increase of the IgG anti-Vi GM. Infants with cord anti-Vi levels of <3.5 EU responded with significantly higher IgG anti-Vi levels than those with levels of ≥3.5 EU. Anti-diphtheria, -tetanus, and -pertussis toxin levels were similar in all groups. Vi-rEPA was safe, induced protective anti-Vi levels, and was compatible with EPI vaccines, and it can be used in infants. High cord IgG anti-Vi levels partially suppressed infant responses to Vi-rEPA.

Download Full-text

Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00148-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 681-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jisheng Lin ◽

Mark A. Smith ◽

William H. Benjamin ◽

Robert W. Kaminski ◽

Heather Wenzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Surface ◽

Bactericidal Assay

ABSTRACTThere is a significant need for an effective multivalentShigellavaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. MostShigellavaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS fromShigella flexneri2a,Shigella flexneri3a, andShigella sonnei. We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. It was also demonstrated that theShigellaserotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) forShigella. Functional assays, such as thein vitrobactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. AnS. flexneri2a-specific monoclonal antibody killedS. flexneri2b isolates, suggesting thatS. flexneri2a LPS may induce cross-protection againstS. flexneri2b. Overall, theShigellaLPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency.

Download Full-text

Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain PH698, Infecting Penaeid Shrimp in the Philippines

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01040-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (47) ◽

Author(s):

Cynthia P. Saloma ◽

Sarah Mae U. Penir ◽

Joseph Matthew R. Azanza ◽

Leobert D. dela Pena ◽

Roselyn C. Usero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Penaeid Shrimp ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

The Philippines ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Multidrug Resistant Strain

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in diverse settings has been reported globally. In the Philippine shrimp aquaculture industry, antibiotics are used for the treatment of bacterial diseases during the production cycle. We report the draft genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus PH698, a multidrug-resistant strain isolated from a Philippine shrimp farm.

Download Full-text