Anaplasma phagocytophilum Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase 1 Affects Host-Derived Immunopathology during Microbial Colonization
ABSTRACTAnaplasma phagocytophilumis a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen that provokes an acute inflammatory response during mammalian infection. The illness caused byA. phagocytophilum, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, occurs irrespective of pathogen load and results instead from host-derived immunopathology. Thus, characterizingA. phagocytophilumgenes that affect the inflammatory process is critical for understanding disease etiology. By using anA. phagocytophilumHimar1 transposon mutant library, we showed that a single transposon insertion into theA. phagocytophilumdihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1 gene (lpda1[APH_0065]) affects inflammation during infection.A. phagocytophilumlackinglpda1revealed enlargement of the spleen, increased splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and altered clinicopathological abnormalities during mammalian colonization. Furthermore, LPDA1-derived immunopathology was independent of neutrophil infection and correlated with enhanced reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of different signaling pathways in neutrophils and macrophages duringA. phagocytophiluminvasion and highlight the importance of LPDA1 as an immunopathological molecule.