scholarly journals Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Associated with Persistent and Transient Bovine Mastitis and the Role of Colanic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Lippolis ◽  
Devin B. Holman ◽  
Brian W. Brunelle ◽  
Tyler C. Thacker ◽  
Bradley L. Bearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Colanic Acid

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliis a leading cause of bacterial mastitis in dairy cattle. It is most often transient in nature, causing an infection that lasts 2 to 3 days. However,E. colihas been shown to cause a persistent infection in a minority of cases. Mechanisms that allow for a persistentE. coliinfection are not fully understood. The goal of this work was to determine differences betweenE. colistrains originally isolated from dairy cattle with transient and persistent mastitis. Using RNA sequencing, we show gene expression differences in nearly 200 genes when bacteria from the two clinical phenotypes are compared. We sequenced the genomes of theE. colistrains and report genes unique to the two phenotypes. Differences in thewcaoperon, which encodes colanic acid, were identified by DNA as well as RNA sequencing and differentiated the two phenotypes. Previous work demonstrated thatE. colistrains that cause persistent infections were more motile than those that cause transient infections. Deletion of genes in thewcaoperon from a persistent-infection strain resulted in a reduction of motility as measured in swimming and swarming assays. Furthermore, colanic acid has been shown to protect bacteria from complement-mediated killing. We show that transient-infectionE. colistrains were more sensitive to complement-mediated killing. The deletion of genes from thewcaoperon caused a persistent-infectionE. colistrain to become sensitive to complement-mediated killing. This work identifies important differences betweenE. colistrains that cause persistent and transient mammary infections in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 113 Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Intramammary Infections in Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Jung ◽  
Soyoun Park ◽  
Janina Ruffini ◽  
Simon Dufour ◽  
Jennifer Ronholm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Etiological Agents

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is one of the most common etiological agents responsible for clinical bovine mastitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences and annotations of 113 E. coli strains that were isolated from Holstein cows with intramammary infections in Canada.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Strains That Cause Persistent and Transient Mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Thacker ◽  
John D. Lippolis ◽  
Brian W. Brunelle ◽  
Thomas A. Casey ◽  
Timothy A. Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences of two strains of Escherichia coli (ECA-B and ECC-M) that cause bovine mastitis. These strains are known to be associated with persistent and transient mastitis; strain ECA-B causes a transient infection, and ECC-M leads to a persistent infection.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Commensal Escherichia coli Adapted to Different Compartments of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (19) ◽  
pp. 6799-6803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Abraham ◽  
David M. Gordon ◽  
James Chin ◽  
Huub J. M. Brouwers ◽  
Peter Njuguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Replicon ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe role ofEscherichia colias a pathogen has been the focus of considerable study, while much less is known about it as a commensal and how it adapts to and colonizes different environmental niches within the mammalian gut. In this study, we characterizeEscherichia coliorganisms (n= 146) isolated from different regions of the intestinal tracts of eight pigs (dueodenum, ileum, colon, and feces). The isolates were typed using the method of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and screened for the presence of bacteriocin genes and plasmid replicon types. Molecular analysis of variance using the RAPD data showed thatE. coliisolates are nonrandomly distributed among different gut regions, and that gut region accounted for 25% (P< 0.001) of the observed variation among strains. Bacteriocin screening revealed that a bacteriocin gene was detected in 45% of the isolates, with 43% carrying colicin genes and 3% carrying microcin genes. Of the bacteriocins observed (H47, E3, E1, E2, E7, Ia/Ib, and B/M), the frequency with which they were detected varied with respect to gut region for the colicins E2, E7, Ia/Ib, and B/M. The plasmid replicon typing gave rise to 25 profiles from the 13 Inc types detected. Inc F types were detected most frequently, followed by Inc HI1 and N types. Of the Inc types detected, 7 were nonrandomly distributed among isolates from the different regions of the gut. The results of this study indicate that not only may the different regions of the gastrointestinal tract harbor different strains ofE. colibut also that strains from different regions have different characteristics.

scholarly journals Transcription of the Subtilase Cytotoxin Gene subAB1 in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Is Dependent on hfq and hns

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heinisch ◽  
Katharina Zoric ◽  
Maike Krause ◽  
Herbert Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Subtilase Cytotoxin

ABSTRACT Certain foodborne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains carry genes encoding the subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB). Although the mode of action of SubAB is under intensive investigation, information about the regulation of subAB gene expression is currently not available. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the chromosomal subAB1 gene in laboratory E. coli strain DH5α and STEC O113:H21 strain TS18/08 using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Special emphasis was given to the role of the global regulatory protein genes hfq and hns in subAB1 promoter activity. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a), SubAB1, and cytolethal distending toxin V (Cdt-V) genes in STEC strain TS18/08 and its isogenic hfq and hns deletion mutants. The deletion of hfq led to a significant increase of up to 2-fold in subAB1 expression, especially in the late growth phase, in both strains. However, deletion of hns showed different effects on the promoter activity during the early and late exponential growth phases in both strains. Furthermore, upregulation of stx2a and cdt-V was demonstrated in hfq and hns deletion mutants in TS18/08. These data showed that the expression of subAB1, stx2a, and cdt-V is integrated in the regulatory network of global regulators Hfq and H-NS in Escherichia coli. IMPORTANCE Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are responsible for outbreaks of foodborne diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. The pathogenicity of those strains can be attributed to, among other factors, the production of toxins. Recently, the subtilase cytotoxin was detected in locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative STEC, and it was confirmed that it contributes to the cytotoxicity of those STEC strains. Although the mode of action of SubAB1 is under intensive investigation, the regulation of gene expression is currently not known. The global regulatory proteins H-NS and Hfq have impact on many cellular processes and have been described to regulate virulence factors as well. Here, we investigate the role of hns and hfq in expression of subAB1 as well as stx2a and cdt-V in an E. coli laboratory strain as well as in wild-type STEC strain TS18/08.

scholarly journals Bacterial Dose-Dependent Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 in Escherichia coli-Induced Pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandakumar Packiriswamy ◽  
Michael Steury ◽  
Ian C. McCabe ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Narayanan Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a serine/threonine kinase previously shown to mediate polymicrobial sepsis-induced inflammation. The goal of the present study was to examine the role of GRK5 in monomicrobial pulmonary infection by using an intratrachealEscherichia coliinfection model of pneumonia. We used sublethal and lethal doses ofE. colito examine the mechanistic differences between low-grade and high-grade inflammation induced byE. coliinfection. With a sublethal dose ofE. coli, GRK5 knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher plasma CXCL1/KC levels and enhanced lung neutrophil recruitment early after infection, and lower bacterial loads, than wild-type (WT) mice. The inflammatory response was also diminished, and resolution of inflammation advanced, in the lungs of GRK5 KO mice. In contrast to the reduced bacterial loads in GRK5 KO mice following a sublethal dose, at a lethal dose ofE. coli, the bacterial burdens remained high in GRK5 KO mice relative to those in WT mice. This occurred in spite of enhanced plasma CXCL1 levels as well as neutrophil recruitment in the KO mice. But the recruited neutrophils (following high-dose infection) exhibited decreased CD11b expression and reduced reactive oxygen species production, suggesting decreased neutrophil activation or increased neutrophil exhaustion in the GRK5 KO mice. In agreement with the increased bacterial burden, KO mice showed poorer survival than WT mice followingE. coliinfection at a lethal dose. Overall, our data suggest that GRK5 negatively regulates CXCL1/KC levels during bacterial pneumonia but that the role of GRK5 in the clinical outcome in this model is dependent on the bacterial dose.

scholarly journals Association of ω with the C-Terminal Region of the β′ Subunit Is Essential for Assembly of RNA Polymerase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyou Mao ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Pei Lu ◽  
Lipeng Feng ◽  
Shiyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Core Enzyme ◽  
Loop Region

ABSTRACT The ω subunit is the smallest subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Although homologs of ω are essential in both eukaryotes and archaea, this subunit has been known to be dispensable for RNAP in Escherichia coli and in other bacteria. In this study, we characterized an indispensable role of the ω subunit in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Unlike the well-studied E. coli RNAP, the M. tuberculosis RNAP core enzyme cannot be functionally assembled in the absence of the ω subunit. Importantly, substitution of M. tuberculosis ω with ω subunits from E. coli or Thermus thermophilus cannot restore the assembly of M. tuberculosis RNAP. Furthermore, by replacing different regions in M. tuberculosis ω with the corresponding regions from E. coli ω, we found a nonconserved loop region in M. tuberculosis ω essential for its function in RNAP assembly. From RNAP structures, we noticed that the location of the C-terminal region of the β′ subunit (β′CTD) in M. tuberculosis RNAP but not in E. coli or T. thermophilus RNAP is close to the ω loop region. Deletion of this β′CTD in M. tuberculosis RNAP destabilized the binding of M. tuberculosis ω on RNAP and compromised M. tuberculosis core assembly, suggesting that these two regions may function together to play a role in ω-dependent RNAP assembly in M. tuberculosis . Sequence alignment of the ω loop and the β′CTD regions suggests that the essential role of ω is probably restricted to mycobacteria. Together, our study characterized an essential role of M. tuberculosis ω and highlighted the importance of the ω loop region in M. tuberculosis RNAP assembly. IMPORTANCE DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP), which consists of a multisubunit core enzyme (α 2 ββ′ω) and a dissociable σ subunit, is the only enzyme in charge of transcription in bacteria. As the smallest subunit, the roles of ω remain the least well studied. In Escherichia coli and some other bacteria, the ω subunit is known to be nonessential for RNAP. In this study, we revealed an essential role of the ω subunit for RNAP assembly in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and a mycobacterium-specific ω loop that plays a role in this function was also characterized. Our study provides fresh insights for further characterizing the roles of bacterial ω subunit.

scholarly journals The Ribosomal S10 Protein Is a General Target for Decreased Tigecycline Susceptibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5561-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Beabout ◽  
Troy G. Hammerstrom ◽  
Anisha Maria Perez ◽  
Bárbara Freitas Magalhães ◽  
Amy G. Prater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Translational Inhibitor

ABSTRACTTigecycline is a translational inhibitor with efficacy against a wide range of pathogens. Using experimental evolution, we adaptedAcinetobacter baumannii,Enterococcus faecium,Escherichia coli, andStaphylococcus aureusto growth in elevated tigecycline concentrations. At the end of adaptation, 35 out of 47 replicate populations had clones with a mutation inrpsJ, the gene that encodes the ribosomal S10 protein. To validate the role of mutations inrpsJin conferring tigecycline resistance, we showed that mutation ofrpsJalone inEnterococcus faecaliswas sufficient to increase the tigecycline MIC to the clinical breakpoint of 0.5 μg/ml. Importantly, we also report the first identification ofrpsJmutations associated with decreased tigecycline susceptibility inA. baumannii,E. coli, andS. aureus. The identified S10 mutations across both Gram-positive and -negative species cluster in the vertex of an extended loop that is located near the tigecycline-binding pocket within the 16S rRNA. These data indicate that S10 is a general target of tigecycline adaptation and a relevant marker for detecting reduced susceptibility in both Gram-positive and -negative pathogens.

scholarly journals Distinct Requirements for Tail-Anchored Membrane Protein Biogenesis in Escherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Peschke ◽  
Mélanie Le Goff ◽  
Gregory M. Koningstein ◽  
Norbert O. Vischer ◽  
Abbi Abdel-Rehim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Membrane Insertion ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Terminus

ABSTRACT Tail-anchored membrane proteins (TAMPs) are a distinct subset of inner membrane proteins (IMPs) characterized by a single C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) that is responsible for both targeting and anchoring. Little is known about the routing of TAMPs in bacteria. Here, we have investigated the role of TMD hydrophobicity in tail-anchor function in Escherichia coli and its influence on the choice of targeting/insertion pathway. We created a set of synthetic, fluorescent TAMPs that vary in the hydrophobicity of their TMDs and corresponding control polypeptides that are extended at their C terminus to create regular type II IMPs. Surprisingly, we observed that TAMPs have a much lower TMD hydrophobicity threshold for efficient targeting and membrane insertion than their type II counterparts. Using strains conditional for the expression of known membrane-targeting and insertion factors, we show that TAMPs with strongly hydrophobic TMDs require the signal recognition particle (SRP) for targeting. Neither the SecYEG translocon nor YidC appears to be essential for the membrane insertion of any of the TAMPs studied. In contrast, corresponding type II IMPs with a TMD of sufficient hydrophobicity to promote membrane insertion followed an SRP- and SecYEG translocon-dependent pathway. Together, these data indicate that the capacity of a TMD to promote the biogenesis of E. coli IMPs is strongly dependent upon the polypeptide context in which it is presented. IMPORTANCE A subset of membrane proteins is targeted to and inserted into the membrane via a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (TMD) that is positioned at the very C terminus of the protein. The biogenesis of these so-called tail-anchored proteins (TAMPs) has been studied in detail in eukaryotic cells. Various partly redundant pathways were identified, the choice for which depends in part on the hydrophobicity of the TMD. Much less is known about bacterial TAMPs. The significance of our research is in identifying the role of TMD hydrophobicity in the routing of E. coli TAMPs. Our data suggest that both the nature of the TMD and its role in routing can be very different for TAMPs versus “regular” membrane proteins. Elucidating these position-specific effects of TMDs will increase our understanding of how prokaryotic cells face the challenge of producing a wide variety of membrane proteins.

scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV-12 β-Lactamases from Bovine Mastitis Isolates in the United Kingdom

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Timofte ◽  
Iuliana E. Maciuca ◽  
Nicholas J. Evans ◽  
Helen Williams ◽  
Andrew Wattret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The United Kingdom

ABSTRACTRecent reports raised concerns about the role that farm stock may play in the dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. This study characterized the ESBLs in twoEscherichia coliand threeKlebsiella pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniaeisolates from cases of clinical bovine mastitis in the United Kingdom. Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of bovine mastitic milk samples identified Gram-negative cefpodoxime-resistant isolates, which were assessed for their ESBL phenotypes. Conjugation experiments and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) were used for characterization of transferable plasmids.E. coliisolates belonged to sequence type 88 (ST88; determined by multilocus sequence typing) and carriedblaCTX-M-15andblaTEM-1, whileK. pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniaeisolates carriedblaSHV-12andblaTEM-1. Conjugation experiments demonstrated thatblaCTX-M-15andblaTEM-1were carried on a conjugative plasmid inE. coli, and PBRT identified this to be an IncI1 plasmid. The resistance genes were nontransferable inK. pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniaeisolates. Moreover, in theE. coliisolates, an association of ISEcp1 and IS26withblaCTX-M-15was found where the IS26element was inserted upstream of both ISEcp1and theblaCTX-Mpromoter, a genetic arrangement highly similar to that described in some United Kingdom human isolates. We report the first cases in Europe of bovine mastitis due toE. coliCTX-M-15 and also of bovine mastitis due toK. pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniaeSHV-12 β-lactamases in the United Kingdom. We also describe the genetic environment ofblaCTX-M-15and highlight the role that IncI1 plasmids may play in the spread and dissemination of ESBL genes, which have been described in both human and cattle isolates.

scholarly journals ThechbGGene of the Chitobiose (chb) Operon of Escherichia coli Encodes a Chitooligosaccharide Deacetylase

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (18) ◽  
pp. 4959-4971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Verma ◽  
Subramony Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

ABSTRACTThechboperon ofEscherichia coliis involved in the utilization of the β-glucosides chitobiose and cellobiose. The function ofchbG(ydjC), the sixth open reading frame of the operon that codes for an evolutionarily conserved protein is unknown. We show thatchbGencodes a monodeacetylase that is essential for growth on the acetylated chitooligosaccharides chitobiose and chitotriose but is dispensable for growth on cellobiose and chitosan dimer, the deacetylated form of chitobiose. The predicted active site of the enzyme was validated by demonstrating loss of function upon substitution of its putative metal-binding residues that are conserved across the YdjC family of proteins. We show that activation of thechbpromoter by the regulatory protein ChbR is dependent on ChbG, suggesting that deacetylation of chitobiose-6-P and chitotriose-6-P is necessary for their recognition by ChbR as inducers. Strains carrying mutations inchbRconferring the ability to grow on both cellobiose and chitobiose are independent ofchbGfunction for induction, suggesting that gain of function mutations in ChbR allow it to recognize the acetylated form of the oligosaccharides. ChbR-independent expression of the permease and phospho-β-glucosidase from a heterologous promoter did not support growth on both chitobiose and chitotriose in the absence ofchbG, suggesting an additional role ofchbGin the hydrolysis of chitooligosaccharides. The homologs ofchbGin metazoans have been implicated in development and inflammatory diseases of the intestine, indicating that understanding the function ofE. colichbGhas a broader significance.

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