scholarly journals A discrete population of mononuclear phagocytes detected by monoclonal antibody

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
P A LeBlanc ◽  
H R Katz ◽  
S W Russell
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Discrete Population

Rat monoclonal antibody raised against cultured mouse bone marrow was used to detect an antigenic determinant on a discrete population of mouse mononuclear phagocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. The antigen was expressed on adherent, late-cultured bone marrow macrophages and chronic inflammatory peritoneal macrophages elicited by the injection of thioglycolate broth. Binding of the antibody to resident peritoneal or alveolar macrophages, blood monocytes, or freshly explanted bone marrow cells was not detected. Less than 10% of acute inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes expressed the antigen. The antibody did not bind detectably to lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, fibroblasts, or the cells of several murine tumor lines. Results suggesting binding to mast cells were equivocal. The antigen was species, but not strain, specific. It was concluded that maturation, at least, was required for expression of the antigen. Results suggested that additional influences were also involved.

scholarly journals Altered MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Activated Mast Cells Following IgE-FcεRI Cross-Linking with Antigen

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoshu Teng ◽  
Ruxin Zhang ◽  
Hongzhi Yu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Zhicong Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow

Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of immune responses and immunologic disorders. However, little is known about miRNA expression and function during mast cell differentiation, proliferation and activation. This study aimed to determine the miRNA expression profiles in mast cells stimulated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and antigen and to analyze the potential functions of specific miRNAs. Methods: Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) generated from differentiated mouse bone marrow cells were untreated (Unstimu) or stimulated with IgE-antigen complexes for 1 h or 6 h (Stimu). The miRNA profiles were evaluated by miRNA microarray. MiRNA target gene prediction and enrichment analyses were performed using bioinformatics. Results: Seven significantly up-regulated and 10 down-regulated miRNAs were identified in the 1 h Stimu group relative to the Unstimu group (fold change>2; P<0.05). Of 8 miRNAs randomly selected from the 17 identified, the expression levels of 6 were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The potential target genes of several candidate miRNAs were enriched in FcεRI signaling, response to stimulus and cellular exocytosis. Conclusion: The expression of many miRNAs changes following IgE-FcεRI cross-linking in activated mast cells, and these miRNAs probably play key regulatory roles in core signaling pathways and biological behaviors. Evaluating the functions of these characteristic miRNAs will further our understanding of IgE-associated allergic disease pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Bone Marrow Macrophage Precursors. I. Some Functional Characteristics of the Early Cells of the Mouse Macrophage Series

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Cline ◽  
Margaret A. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Macrophage ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Macrophage Precursors

Abstract Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in vitro under conditions that allowed little granulopoiesis but permitted proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes. During 10 days’ culture, the population gradually shifted from a preponderance of undifferentiated blast cells and promonocytes to macrophages. Cells up to the A (immature) macrophage stage were capable of DNA synthesis and mitosis. B (mature) macrophages were nondividing. Blast cells were not phagocytic and lacked glass adhesiveness and demonstrable surface receptors for IgG immunoglobulin. With progressive cellular maturation, peroxidase activity disappeared after the monocyte stage. Glass adhesiveness, phagocytic ability, and surface receptors for immunoglobulins appeared to increase with cell maturation from the promonocyte through the macrophage stage of development.

Abstract 2: Loss of Rictor in Macrophages Suppresses Their Viability and Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR Null Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir R Babaev ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Youmin Zhang ◽  
James M May ◽  
MacRae F Linton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Glucose Plasma

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in the regulation of cell viability, growth and metabolism. mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) directly activates phosphorylation of Akt at S 473 , promoting pro-survival signaling. Rictor is an essential component of mTORC2, and genetic loss of Rictor inactivates the complex. To examine whether macrophage mTORC2 signaling has an impact on atherosclerosis, we transplanted male Ldlr null mice with bone marrow isolated from male mice with myeloid-specific Rictor deletion ( Rictor -/- , n=9) and control marrow from Rictor flox-flox mice ( Rictor flox/flox ; n=10). Compared to control mice reconstituted with Rictor flox/flox cells, the recipients of Rictor -/- bone marrow cells exhibited dramatic changes in blood cells including lower levels of white blood cells, B-cells, T-cells and monocytes but had similar levels of neutrophils. After 8 weeks of the Western diet, both groups of recipients had similar levels of body weight, blood glucose, plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, Rictor -/- → Ldlr -/- mice developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal and distal aorta (46 and 40% reduction, respectively). These lesions contained less macrophage area and more apoptotic macrophages than lesions of control Rictor flox/flox → Ldlr -/- mice. Importantly, blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages isolated from Rictor -/- → Ldlr -/- mice were more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli compared to control Rictor flox/flox cells. In response to LPS, Rictor -/- macrophages exhibited the M1 phenotype with high levels of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Both Rictor -/- blood monocytes and macrophages had lower levels of Il10 gene expression than Rictor flox/flox cells. Thus, loss of Rictor and, consequently, mTORC2 in monocyte/macrophages significantly compromises their survival, and this markedly diminishes early atherosclerosis in Ldlr -/- mice. Our results indicate that mTORC2 is a key signaling regulator of macrophage survival and inflammatory responses and promote atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals How Relevant Are Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells (BMMCs) as Models for Tissue Mast Cells? A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of BMMCs and Peritoneal Mast Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Srinivas Akula ◽  
Aida Paivandy ◽  
Zhirong Fu ◽  
Michael Thorpe ◽  
Gunnar Pejler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Total Bone Marrow

Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) are often used as a model system for studies of the role of MCs in health and disease. These cells are relatively easy to obtain from total bone marrow cells by culturing under the influence of IL-3 or stem cell factor (SCF). After 3 to 4 weeks in culture, a nearly homogenous cell population of toluidine blue-positive cells are often obtained. However, the question is how relevant equivalents these cells are to normal tissue MCs. By comparing the total transcriptome of purified peritoneal MCs with BMMCs, here we obtained a comparative view of these cells. We found several important transcripts that were expressed at very high levels in peritoneal MCs, but were almost totally absent from the BMMCs, including the major chymotryptic granule protease Mcpt4, the neurotrophin receptor Gfra2, the substance P receptor Mrgprb2, the metalloprotease Adamts9 and the complement factor 2 (C2). In addition, there were a number of other molecules that were expressed at much higher levels in peritoneal MCs than in BMMCs, including the transcription factors Myb and Meis2, the MilR1 (Allergin), Hdc (Histidine decarboxylase), Tarm1 and the IL-3 receptor alpha chain. We also found many transcripts that were highly expressed in BMMCs but were absent or expressed at low levels in the peritoneal MCs. However, there were also numerous MC-related transcripts that were expressed at similar levels in the two populations of cells, but almost absent in peritoneal macrophages and B cells. These results reveal that the transcriptome of BMMCs shows many similarities, but also many differences to that of tissue MCs. BMMCs can thereby serve as suitable models in many settings concerning the biology of MCs, but our findings also emphasize that great care should be taken when extrapolating findings from BMMCs to the in vivo function of tissue-resident MCs.

scholarly journals Hematologic effects of stem cell factor in vivo and in vitro in rodents

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Ulich ◽  
J del Castillo ◽  
ES Yi ◽  
S Yin ◽  
I McNiece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Erythroid Hyperplasia ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Recombinant rat stem cell factor (rrSCF) administered to rats as a single intravenous injection causes a dose-dependent neutrophilia and lymphocytosis as well as the appearance of immature myeloid cells and occasional blast cells in the circulation. Neutrophilia begins at 2 hours, peaks at 4 to 6 hours, and subsides between 12 and 24 hours. Lymphocytosis occurs at 0.5 hours and has subsided by 2 hours. rrSCF- induced neutrophilia and lymphocytosis are abrogated by boiling, demonstrating that endotoxin-contamination of the rrSCF preparation is not responsible for the observed hematologic effects. The bone marrow at 6 hours after injection of rrSCF shows a left-shifted myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia as evidenced by significant increases in the absolute numbers of morphologically recognizable early myeloid and erythroid precursors. A concurrent decrease in the absolute numbers of mature marrow neutrophils is noted, suggesting that the release of marrow neutrophils contributes to the peripheral neutrophilia. After 2 weeks of daily injections of rrSCF, bone marrow smears demonstrate a remarkable mast cell hyperplasia accompanied by a decrease in total marrow cellularity and by a striking erythroid and lymphoid hypoplasia. rrSCF also causes mast cells to appear in the circulation and causes a systemic increase in embryonic connective tissue-type, but not mucosal- type, mast cells. In vitro long-term culture of lineage-depleted mouse bone marrow cells with rrSCF results in an almost pure outgrowth of mast cells.

scholarly journals Characteristics of human mononuclear phagocytes

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
JA Raeburn ◽  
TL van Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Three Body

Abstract In this study human mononuclear phagocytes from the bone marrow (promonocytes and monocytes), peripheral blood monocytes, and tissue macrophages from the skin and the peritoneal cavity were studied with respect to their morphological, cytochemical, and functional characteristics, cell surface receptors, and 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. The results show similarities between mononuclear phagocytes of the three body compartments with respect to esterase staining, the presence of peroxidase-positive granules, the presence of IgG and C receptors, and pinocytic and phagocytic activity. Promonocytes are the most immature mononuclear phagocytes identified in human bone marrow, and since about 80% of these cells incorporate 3H-thymidine, they are actively dividing cells. Monocytes, whether in bone marrow or the peripheral blood, and both skin and peritoneal macrophages label minimally with 3H-thymidine and thus are nondividing cells. Since the characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes in man and mouse do not diverge greatly, it is probable that the cell sequence based on in vitro and in vivo 3H-thymidine labeling studies in the mouse holds for man as well. The successive stages of development of the human mononuclear phagocyte cell line will then be as follows: monoblasts (not yet characterized in man) divide to form promonocytes, and these cells in turn divide and give rise to monocytes that do not divide further; they leave the bone marrow, circulate in the peripheral blood, and finally become macrophages in the various tissues.

scholarly journals Onset of apoprotein E secretion during differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Werb ◽  
J R Chin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Specific Growth Factor ◽  
Apoprotein E

A number of macrophage functions were sequentially expressed when the bone marrow precursors of mononuclear phagocytes differentiated in culture in the presence of a specific growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1. We have defined the expression of apoprotein E (ApoE), a major secreted protein of resident peritoneal macrophages, during maturation of adherent bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes into macrophages. By 5 d the bone marrow macrophages were active secretory cells, but few cells contained intracellular immunoreactive ApoE, and little, if any, ApoE was secreted. ApoE secretion was initiated at 9 d, and this correlated with an increase in the percentage of macrophages containing intracellular ApoE. The onset of ApoE secretion was selective, and little change occurred in the other major secreted proteins detected by [35S]methionine incorporation. In parallel, the high rate of plasminogen activator secretion, which peaked at 7 d, decreased markedly. ApoE secretion was not associated with altered expression of the macrophage surface antigen, Ia, or with secretion of fibronectin. Virtually all cells in independent colonies of bone marrow-derived macrophages eventually expressed ApoE. The proliferating monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines P388D1, J774.2, WEHI-3, RAW 264.1, and MGI.D+ secreted little or no ApoE. These data establish that ApoE secretion is developmentally regulated.

scholarly journals Identification of Fc epsilon RIneg mast cells in mouse bone marrow cell cultures. Use of a monoclonal anti-p161 antibody.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Kinzer ◽  
A D Keegan ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoprotein

A monoclonal hamster antibody (K-1) specific for a 161-kD mast cell surface glycoprotein was derived. p161 is expressed on normal and cultured mast cells and on some macrophages, but not on basophils or other hematopoietic cells. A population of Fc epsilon Rneg cells expressing p161 was found in short term cultures of bone marrow cells grown in interleukin (IL)-3. These cells were purified and propagated for extended periods in IL-3. They express c-kit and Fc gamma RII/III, contain alcian blue-positive granules and histamine, and secrete IL-3 in response to ionomycin treatment. Their morphology is consistent with that of mast cells. We propose that they represent Fc epsilon RIneg mast cells that can be detected and purified because of their p161 expression.

scholarly journals Hematologic effects of stem cell factor in vivo and in vitro in rodents

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
TR Ulich ◽  
J del Castillo ◽  
ES Yi ◽  
S Yin ◽  
I McNiece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Erythroid Hyperplasia ◽  
The Absolute

Recombinant rat stem cell factor (rrSCF) administered to rats as a single intravenous injection causes a dose-dependent neutrophilia and lymphocytosis as well as the appearance of immature myeloid cells and occasional blast cells in the circulation. Neutrophilia begins at 2 hours, peaks at 4 to 6 hours, and subsides between 12 and 24 hours. Lymphocytosis occurs at 0.5 hours and has subsided by 2 hours. rrSCF- induced neutrophilia and lymphocytosis are abrogated by boiling, demonstrating that endotoxin-contamination of the rrSCF preparation is not responsible for the observed hematologic effects. The bone marrow at 6 hours after injection of rrSCF shows a left-shifted myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia as evidenced by significant increases in the absolute numbers of morphologically recognizable early myeloid and erythroid precursors. A concurrent decrease in the absolute numbers of mature marrow neutrophils is noted, suggesting that the release of marrow neutrophils contributes to the peripheral neutrophilia. After 2 weeks of daily injections of rrSCF, bone marrow smears demonstrate a remarkable mast cell hyperplasia accompanied by a decrease in total marrow cellularity and by a striking erythroid and lymphoid hypoplasia. rrSCF also causes mast cells to appear in the circulation and causes a systemic increase in embryonic connective tissue-type, but not mucosal- type, mast cells. In vitro long-term culture of lineage-depleted mouse bone marrow cells with rrSCF results in an almost pure outgrowth of mast cells.

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