Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Cold Shock Response of Shewanellaoneidensis MR-1 and Mutational Analysis of Its ClassicalCold ShockProteins

ABSTRACT This study presents a global transcriptional analysis of the cold shock response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 after a temperature downshift from 30°C to 8 or 15°C based on time series microarray experiments. More than 700 genes were found to be significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) upon cold shock challenge, especially at 8°C. The temporal gene expression patterns of the classical cold shock genes varied, and only some of them, most notably so1648 and so2787, were differentially regulated in response to a temperature downshift. The global response of S. oneidensis to cold shock was also characterized by the up-regulation of genes encoding membrane proteins, DNA metabolism and translation apparatus components, metabolic proteins, regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins. Most of the metabolic proteins affected are involved in catalytic processes that generate NADH or NADPH. Mutational analyses confirmed that the small cold shock proteins, So1648 and So2787, are involved in the cold shock response of S. oneidensis. The analyses also indicated that So1648 may function only at very low temperatures.

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Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis of the Cold Shock Response in Wild-Type and Cold-Sensitive, Quadruple-csp-Deletion Strains of Escherichia coli

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.186.20.7007-7014.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 186 (20) ◽

pp. 7007-7014 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Sangita Phadtare ◽

Masayori Inouye

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Sugar Transport ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

New Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Cold Sensitive ◽

Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT A DNA microarray-based global transcript profiling of Escherichia coli in response to cold shock showed that in addition to the known cold shock-inducible genes, new genes such as the flagellar operon, those encoding proteins involved in sugar transport and metabolism, and remarkably, genes encoding certain heat shock proteins are induced by cold shock. In the light of strong reduction in metabolic activity of the cell after temperature downshift, the induction of sugar metabolism machinery is unexpected. The deletion of four csps (cspA, cspB, cspG, and cspE) affected cold shock induction of mostly those genes that are transiently induced in the acclimation phase, emphasizing that CspA homologues are essential in the acclimation phase. Relevance of these findings with respect to the known RNA chaperone function of CspA homologues is discussed.

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Genomewide Transcriptional Analysis of the Cold Shock Response in Bacillus subtilis

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.184.22.6395-6402.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 184 (22) ◽

pp. 6395-6402 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Carsten L. Beckering ◽

Leif Steil ◽

Michael H. W. Weber ◽

Uwe Völker ◽

Mohamed A. Marahiel

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Research Field ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Two Component System ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Component System ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Two Component ◽

Shock Response

ABSTRACT Previous studies with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques revealed that the cold shock response in Bacillus subtilis is characterized by rapid induction and accumulation of two classes of specific proteins, which have been termed cold-induced proteins (CIPs) and cold acclimatization proteins (CAPs), respectively. Only recently, the B. subtilis two-component system encoded by the desKR operon has been demonstrated to be essential for the cold-induced expression of the lipid-modifying desaturase Des, which is required for efficient cold adaptation of the membrane in the absence of isoleucine. At present, one of the most intriguing questions in this research field is whether DesKR plays a global role in cold signal perception and transduction in B. subtilis. In this report, we present the first genomewide transcriptional analysis of a cold-exposed bacterium and demonstrate that the B. subtilis two-component system DesKR exclusively controls the desaturase gene des and is not the cold-triggered regulatory system of global relevance. In addition to this, we identified a set of genes that might participate as novel players in the cold shock adaptation of B. subtilis. Two cold-induced genes, the elongation factor homolog ylaG and the σL-dependent transcriptional activator homolog yplP, have been examined by construction and analysis of deletion mutants.

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Cold-shock response and cold-shock proteins

Current Opinion in Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s1369-5274(99)80031-9 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 229

Author(s):

Sangita Phadtare ◽

Janivette Alsina ◽

Masayori Inouye

Keyword(s):

Cold Shock ◽

Cold Shock Proteins ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Shock Response ◽

Shock Proteins

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The effects of cold-temperature stress on gene expression in maize

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o87-016 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 112-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Reza K. Yacoob ◽

W. Gary Filion

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Shock Response ◽

Acclimation Response ◽

Molecular Masses ◽

Shock Proteins

A rapid decrease from the 28 °C incubation temperature of 5-day-old maize seedlings induced a response recorded as an altered synthesis of several polypeptides. The maximum response occurred at 4 °C and included cold-shock proteins with relative molecular masses of 94, 92, 90, 73, 70, 54, 50, 44, 38, 34, 33, 32, 24, 20, and 14 kilodaltons (kDa). Western bolt analysis (probed with polyclonal antibodies against maize heat-shock proteins) and fluorograms prepared from one-dimensional gel electrophoresis of maize heat-shock proteins revealed differences between the cold-induced polypeptides and the maize heat-shock proteins. The abundance of low molecular weight polypeptides and the absence of a marked depression in normal protein synthesis were the most noted differences from the heat-shock response. The cold-shock response, which was induced by as little as a 3 °C reduction in temperature, showed some transitory proteins, was separate from an acclimation response, and lasted up to 18 h (after returning the seedlings to 28 °C) before the normal protein synthetic pattern returned. Seedlings allowed to recover from a 4 °C shock for 4 h at 28 °C showed synthesis of a 250-kDa polypeptide, which lasted less than 2 h and was completely inhibited by actinomycin D.

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Control and regulation of the cellular responses to cold shock: the responses in yeast and mammalian systems

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20060166 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 397 (2) ◽

pp. 247-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

Mohamed B. Al-Fageeh ◽

C. Mark Smales

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Temperature Downshift ◽

General Response ◽

Shock Proteins

Although the cold-shock response has now been studied in a number of different organisms for several decades, it is only in the last few years that we have begun to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern adaptation to cold stress. Notably, all organisms from prokaryotes to plants and higher eukaryotes respond to cold shock in a comparatively similar manner. The general response of cells to cold stress is the elite and rapid overexpression of a small group of proteins, the so-called CSPs (cold-shock proteins). The most well characterized CSP is CspA, the major CSP expressed in Escherichia coli upon temperature downshift. More recently, a number of reports have shown that exposing yeast or mammalian cells to sub-physiological temperatures (<30 or <37 °C respectively) invokes a co-ordinated cellular response involving modulation of transcription, translation, metabolism, the cell cycle and the cell cytoskeleton. In the present review, we summarize the regulation and role of cold-shock genes and proteins in the adaptive response upon decreased temperature with particular reference to yeast and in vitro cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we present an integrated model for the co-ordinated responses required to maintain the viability and integrity of mammalian cells upon mild hypothermic cold shock.

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Cold Shock Response in Sporulating Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on Spore Heat Resistance

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.184.19.5275-5281.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 184 (19) ◽

pp. 5275-5281 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sara Movahedi ◽

William Waites

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Heat Resistance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Shock Treatment ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Shock Response ◽

Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT Cold shock and ethanol and puromycin stress responses in sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells have been investigated. We show that a total of 13 proteins are strongly induced after a short cold shock treatment of sporulating cells. The cold shock pretreatment affected the heat resistance of the spores formed subsequently, with spores heat killed at 85 or 90°C being more heat resistant than the control spores while they were more heat sensitive than controls that were heat treated at 95 or 100°C. However, B. subtilis spores with mutations in the main cold shock proteins, CspB, -C, and -D, did not display decreased heat resistance compared to controls, indicating that these proteins are not directly responsible for the increased heat resistance of the spores. The disappearance of the stress proteins later in sporulation suggests that they cannot be involved in repairing heat damage during spore germination and outgrowth but must alter spore structure in a way which increases or decreases heat resistance. Since heat, ethanol, and puromycin stress produce similar proteins and similar changes in spore heat resistance while cold shock is different in both respects, these alterations appear to be very specific.

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C Group-Mediated Antibiotic Stress Mimics the Cold Shock Response

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-021-02613-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Evieann Cardoza ◽

Harinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Cold Shock ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Shock Response

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CSDBase: an interactive database for cold shock domain-containing proteins and the bacterial cold shock response

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/30.1.375 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 375-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. H. W. Weber

Keyword(s):

Cold Shock ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Shock Response ◽

Cold Shock Domain

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Cold shock as a screen for genes involved in cold acclimatization in Neurospora crassa

10.1101/259580 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael K. Watters ◽

Victor Manzanilla ◽

Holly Howell ◽

Alexander Mehreteab ◽

Erik Rose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Shock ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Response ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

E Coli ◽

Cold Environments ◽

Cold Shock Response ◽

Shock Response

ABSTRACTWhen subjected to rapid drops of temperature (cold shock), Neurospora responds with a dramatic, but temporary shift in its branching pattern. While the cold shock response has been described morphologically, it has yet to be examined genetically. This project aims to begin the genetic characterization of the cold shock response and the associated acclimatization to cold environments. We report here the results of a screen of mutants from the Neurospora knockout library for alterations in their morphological response to cold shock and thus, their ability to acclimatize to the cold. Three groups of knockouts were selected to be subject to this screen: genes previously suspected to be involved in hyphal development as well as knockouts resulting in morphological changes; transcription factors; and genes homologous to E. coli genes known to alter their expression in response to cold shock. Several strains were identified with altered responses. The genes impacted in these mutants are listed and discussed. A significant percentage (81%) of the knockouts of genes homologous to those previously identified in E. coli showed altered cold shock responses in Neurospora – suggesting that the response in these two organisms is largely shared in common.

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