PYRUVATE FERMENTATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS1

1964 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Deibel ◽  
C. F. Niven
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Fermentation

scholarly journals Codium fragile Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolism by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Jungman Kim ◽  
Jae Ho Choi ◽  
Taehwan Oh ◽  
Byungjae Ahn ◽  
Tatsuya Unno
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Urea Metabolism

Codium fragile (CF) is a functional seaweed food that has been used for its health effects, including immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities, but the effect of CF extracts on obesity via regulation of intestinal microflora is still unknown. This study investigated anti-obesity effects of CF extracts on gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet were given CF extracts intragastrically for 12 weeks. CF extracts significantly decreased animal body weight and the size of adipocytes, while reducing serum levels of cholesterol and glucose. In addition, CF extracts significantly shifted the gut microbiota of mice by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia species, in which the portion of beneficial bacteria (i.e., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Acetatifactor) were increased. This resulted in shifting predicted intestinal metabolic pathways involved in regulating adipocytes (i.e., mevalonate metabolism), energy harvest (i.e., pyruvate fermentation and glycolysis), appetite (i.e., chorismate biosynthesis) and metabolic disorders (i.e., isoprene biosynthesis, urea metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis). In conclusion, our study showed that CF extracts ameliorate intestinal metabolism in HF-induced obese mice by modulating the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Pyruvate Fermentation Requires an Usp-Type Stress Protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schreiber ◽  
Nelli Boes ◽  
Martin Eschbach ◽  
Lothar Jaensch ◽  
Juergen Wehland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation

ABSTRACT Recently, we identified a pyruvate fermentation pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sustaining anaerobic survival in the absence of alternative anaerobic respiratory and fermentative energy generation systems (M. Eschbach, K. Schreiber, K. Trunk, J. Buer, D. Jahn, and M. Schobert, J. Bacteriol. 186:4596-4604, 2004). Anaerobic long-term survival of P. aeruginosa might be essential for survival in deeper layers of a biofilm and the persistent infection of anaerobic mucus plaques in the cystic fibrosis lung. Proteome analysis of P. aeruginosa cells during a 7-day period of pyruvate fermentation revealed the induced synthesis of three enzymes involved in arginine fermentation, ArcA, ArcB, and ArcC, and the outer membrane protein OprL. Moreover, formation of two proteins of unknown function, PA3309 and PA4352, increased by factors of 72- and 22-fold, respectively. Both belong to the group of universal stress proteins (Usp). Long-term survival of a PA3309 knockout mutant by pyruvate fermentation was found drastically reduced. The oxygen-sensing regulator Anr controls expression of the P PA3309-lacZ reporter gene fusion after a shift to anaerobic conditions and further pyruvate fermentation. PA3309 expression was also found induced during the anaerobic and aerobic stationary phases. This aerobic stationary-phase induction is independent of the regulatory proteins Anr, RpoS, RelA, GacA, RhlR, and LasR, indicating a currently unknown mechanism of stationary-phase-dependent gene activation. PA3309 promoter activity was detected in the deeper layers of a P. aeruginosa biofilm using a P PA3309-gfp (green fluorescent protein gene) fusion and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. This is the first description of an Anr-dependent, anaerobically induced, and functional Usp-like protein in bacteria.

scholarly journals The functional repertoire encoded within the native microbiome of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Nancy Obeng ◽  
Wentao Yang ◽  
Barbara Pees ◽  
Carola Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Metabolic Modelling ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

AbstractThe microbiome is generally assumed to have a substantial influence on the biology of multicellular organisms. The exact functional contributions of the microbes are often unclear and cannot be inferred easily from 16S rRNA genotyping, which is commonly used for taxonomic characterization of the bacterial associates. In order to bridge this knowledge gap, we here analyzed the metabolic competences of the native microbiome of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We integrated whole genome sequences of 77 bacterial microbiome members with metabolic modelling and experimental characterization of bacterial physiology. We found that, as a community, the microbiome can synthesize all essential nutrients for C. elegans. Both metabolic models and experimental analyses further revealed that nutrient context can influence how bacteria interact within the microbiome. We identified key bacterial traits that are likely to influence the microbe’s ability to colonize C. elegans (e.g., pyruvate fermentation to acetoin) and the resulting effects on nematode fitness (e.g., hydroxyproline degradation). Considering that the microbiome is usually neglected in the comprehensive research on this nematode, the resource presented here will help our understanding of C. elegans biology in a more natural context. Our integrative approach moreover provides a novel, general framework to dissect microbiome-mediated functions.

scholarly journals Pyruvate Might Bridge Gut Microbiota and Muscle Health in Aging Mice After Chronic High Dose of Leucine Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Liao ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiaolei Zhou ◽  
Zhao Peng ◽  
Zitong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Muscle Health

Background: The previous studies demonstrated that there might be complex and close relationships among leucine supplementation, gut microbiota, and muscle health, which still needs further investigation.Aims: This study aimed to explore the associations of gut microbiota with muscle health after leucine intake.Methods: In this study, 19-month-old male C57BL/6j mice (n = 12/group) were supplemented with ultrapure water, low dose of leucine (500 mg/kg·d), and high dose of leucine (1,250 mg/kg·d) for 12 weeks by oral gavage. The mice fecal samples in each group before and after supplementation were collected for baseline and endpoint gut microbiota analysis by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Meanwhile, ultrasound measurement, H&E staining, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement, and western blotting were performed in the quadriceps subsequently. The pyruvate levels were detected in feces.Results: Improvement in muscle of histology and ultrasonography were observed after both low and high dose of leucine supplementation. High dose of leucine supplementation could promote skeletal muscle health in aging mice via regulating AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α. The richness and diversities of microbiota as well as enriched metabolic pathways were altered after leucine supplementation. Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly decreased in high-leucine group. Moreover, pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I were negatively associated with differential species and the pyruvate levels were significantly increased in feces after high dose of leucine supplementation.Conclusions: Chronic high dose of leucine supplementation changed gut microbiota composition and increased pyruvate levels in the feces, which possibly provides a novel direction for promoting muscle health in aging mice.

scholarly journals Microcolony formation by the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosarequires pyruvate and pyruvate fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga E. Petrova ◽  
Jill R. Schurr ◽  
Michael J. Schurr ◽  
Karin Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Fermentation

Two-step enzymatic synthesis of tyramine from raw pyruvate fermentation broth

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Zhang ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Siping Wu ◽  
Yu Wei ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation

scholarly journals Pangenomics reveals alternative environmental lifestyles among chlamydiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Köstlbacher ◽  
Astrid Collingro ◽  
Tamara Halter ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Sean P. Jungbluth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Large Core ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Reductive Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

AbstractChlamydiae are highly successful strictly intracellular bacteria associated with diverse eukaryotic hosts. Here we analyzed metagenome-assembled genomes of the “Genomes from Earth’s Microbiomes” initiative from diverse environmental samples, which almost double the known phylogenetic diversity of the phylum and facilitate a highly resolved view at the chlamydial pangenome. Chlamydiae are defined by a relatively large core genome indicative of an intracellular lifestyle, and a highly dynamic accessory genome of environmental lineages. We observe chlamydial lineages that encode enzymes of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and for light-driven ATP synthesis. We show a widespread potential for anaerobic energy generation through pyruvate fermentation or the arginine deiminase pathway, and we add lineages capable of molecular hydrogen production. Genome-informed analysis of environmental distribution revealed lineage-specific niches and a high abundance of chlamydiae in some habitats. Together, our data provide an extended perspective of the variability of chlamydial biology and the ecology of this phylum of intracellular microbes.

scholarly journals The Pseudomonas aeruginosa complement of lactate dehydrogenases enables use of D- and L-lactate and metabolic crossfeeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Lin ◽  
William-Cole Cornell ◽  
Alexa Price-Whelan ◽  
Lars E.P. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenases

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of chronic, biofilm-based lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Sputum from patients with CF has been shown to contain oxic and hypoxic subzones as well as millimolar concentrations of lactate. Here, we describe the physiological roles and expression patterns of P. aeruginosa lactate dehydrogenases in the contexts of different growth regimes. P. aeruginosa produces four enzymes annotated as lactate dehydrogenases, three of which are known to contribute to anaerobic or aerobic metabolism in liquid cultures. These three are LdhA, which reduces pyruvate to D-lactate during anaerobic survival, and LldE and LldD, which oxidize D-lactate and L-lactate, respectively, during aerobic growth. We demonstrate that the fourth enzyme, LldA, performs redundant L-lactate oxidation during growth in aerobic cultures in both a defined MOPS-based medium and synthetic CF sputum medium. However, LldA differs from LldD in that its expression is induced specifically by the L-enantiomer of lactate. We also show that all four enzymes perform functions in colony biofilms that are similar to their functions in liquid cultures. Finally, we provide evidence that the enzymes LdhA and LldE have the potential to support metabolic cross-feeding in biofilms, where LdhA can catalyze the production of D-lactate in the anaerobic zone that is then used as a substrate in the aerobic zone. Together, these observations further our understanding of the metabolic pathways that can contribute to P. aeruginosa growth and survival during CF lung infection.IMPORTANCELactate is thought to serve as a carbon and energy source during chronic infections. Sites of bacterial colonization can contain two enantiomers of lactate: the L-form, generally produced by the host, and the D-form, which is usually produced by bacteria including the pulmonary pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we characterize P. aeruginosa’s set of four enzymes that it can use to interconvert pyruvate and lactate, the functions of which depend on the availability of oxygen and specific enantiomers of lactate. We also show that anaerobic pyruvate fermentation triggers production of the aerobic D-lactate dehydrogenase in both liquid cultures and biofilms, thereby enabling metabolic cross-feeding of lactate over time and space between subpopulations of cells. These metabolic pathways could contribute to P. aeruginosa growth and survival in the lung.

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