scholarly journals Pyruvate Might Bridge Gut Microbiota and Muscle Health in Aging Mice After Chronic High Dose of Leucine Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Liao ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiaolei Zhou ◽  
Zhao Peng ◽  
Zitong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Muscle Health

Background: The previous studies demonstrated that there might be complex and close relationships among leucine supplementation, gut microbiota, and muscle health, which still needs further investigation.Aims: This study aimed to explore the associations of gut microbiota with muscle health after leucine intake.Methods: In this study, 19-month-old male C57BL/6j mice (n = 12/group) were supplemented with ultrapure water, low dose of leucine (500 mg/kg·d), and high dose of leucine (1,250 mg/kg·d) for 12 weeks by oral gavage. The mice fecal samples in each group before and after supplementation were collected for baseline and endpoint gut microbiota analysis by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Meanwhile, ultrasound measurement, H&E staining, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement, and western blotting were performed in the quadriceps subsequently. The pyruvate levels were detected in feces.Results: Improvement in muscle of histology and ultrasonography were observed after both low and high dose of leucine supplementation. High dose of leucine supplementation could promote skeletal muscle health in aging mice via regulating AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α. The richness and diversities of microbiota as well as enriched metabolic pathways were altered after leucine supplementation. Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly decreased in high-leucine group. Moreover, pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I were negatively associated with differential species and the pyruvate levels were significantly increased in feces after high dose of leucine supplementation.Conclusions: Chronic high dose of leucine supplementation changed gut microbiota composition and increased pyruvate levels in the feces, which possibly provides a novel direction for promoting muscle health in aging mice.

Changes in the gut microbiota of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Kural ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Hakan Seyit ◽  
Tuba R Caglar ◽  
Pınar Toklu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: Permanent treatment of morbid obesity with medication or diet is nearly impossible. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a widely accepted treatment option. This study profiled and compared gut microbiota composition before and after LSG. Methods & results: A total of 54 stool samples were collected from 27 morbidly obese individuals before and after LSG. The gut microbiota was profiled with 16S amplicon sequencing. After LSG, patients demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in BMI and an increase in bacterial diversity. An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also noticed after LSG. The families Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae predominated in preoperative samples but were markedly lowered after LSG. A marked increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides was observed after LSG. Conclusion: In addition to lowering BMI, LSG remodeled gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 on The Gut Microbiota in Mice Analyzed by 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
TONG TONG ◽  
XIAOHUI NIU ◽  
QIAN LI ◽  
YUXI LING ◽  
ZUMING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Medium Dose

Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 was isolated from the fermented Chinese cabbage. This study aimed to test the effect of this strain on the gut microbiota in BALB/c mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The mice were randomly allocated to the control group and three treatment groups of L. plantarum BW2013 (a low-dose group of 108 CFU/ml, a medium-dose group of 109 CFU/ml, and a high-dose group of 1010 CFU/ml). The weight of mice was recorded once a week, and the fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing after 28 days of continuous treatment. Compared with the control group, the body weight gain in the treatment groups was not significant. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that both the Chao1 and ACE indexes increased slightly in the medium-dose group compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant. Based on PCoA results, there was no significant difference in β diversity between the treatment groups. Compared to the control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in the low-dose group. The abundance of Firmicutes increased in the medium-dose group. At the genus level, the abundance of Alloprevotella increased in the low-dose group compared to the control group. The increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and decreased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was observed in the medium-dose group. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides increased, and Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas decreased in the high-dose group. These results indicated that L. plantarum BW2013 could ameliorate gut microbiota composition, but its effects vary with the dose.

scholarly journals Alterations in The Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in The Context of Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Yan-na Ren ◽  
Zeng-jie Ye ◽  
Chao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among gut microbiota disturbances and serum and spinal cord metabolic disorders in neuropathic pain. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and serum and spinal cord metabolomics were used to identify alterations in the microbiota and metabolite profiles in the sham rats and the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model rats. Correlations between the abundances of gut microbiota components at the genus level, the levels of serum metabolites, and pain-related behavioural parameters were analysed. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was applied to analyse the interaction networks of the differentially expressed serum metabolites. First, we found that the composition of the gut microbiota was different between rats with CCI-induced neuropathic pain and sham controls. At the genus level, the abundances of Helicobacter, Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenella, Blautia, Streptococcus, Rothia and Lactobacillus were significantly increased, whereas the abundances of Ignatzschineria, Butyricimonas, Escherichia, AF12, and Corynebacterium were significantly decreased. Additionally, 72 significantly differentially expressed serum metabolites and 17 significantly differentially expressed spinal cord metabolites were identified between the CCI rats and the sham rats. Finally, correlation analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota was significantly correlated with changes in serum metabolite levels, suggesting that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is an important factor in modulating metabolic disturbances in the context of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our research provides a novel perspective on the potential roles of the gut microbiota and related metabolites in neuropathic pain.

A Comparative Study of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Membranous Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shiren sun ◽  
Ruijuan Dong ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Oxford Classification

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN) is characterized by immune dysregulation, which is related to gut dysbiosis. The aim of the study was to compare the gut microbiota of patients with IgAN and MN versus healthy controls. We used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to investigate the bacterial communities of 44 patients with kidney biopsy-proven IgAN, 40 patients with kidney biopsy-proven MN, and 30 matched healthy controls (HC). Results The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Defluviitaleaceae_incertae_sedis were significantly higher in IgAN than in HC, whereas lower abundances were observed for Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_ unclassified, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Fusobacterium . Furthermore, the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Peptostreptococcaceae_incertae_sedis , Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae_ unclassified increased, while that of Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_ unclassified, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Veillonella decreased in MN. The abundance of Megasphaera and Bilophila was higher, whereas that of Megamonas, Veillonella, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus was lower in patients with IgAN than in those with MN. Analysis of the correlations showed that in the IgAN group, Prevotella was positively correlated, while Klebsiella , Citrobacter, and Fusobacterium were negatively correlated with the level of serum albumin. Positive correlation also existed between Bilophila and Crescents in the Oxford classification of IgAN. In the MN group, negative correlation was observed between Escherichia-Shigella and proteinuria, Bacteroides and Klebsiella showed positive correlation with the MN stage. Conclusions Patients with IgAN and MN exhibited gut microbial signatures distinct from healthy controls. Our study suggests the potential of gut microbiota as specific biomarker and contributor in the pathogenesis of IgAN and MN.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Dietary Intake of Normal-Weight and Overweight Filipino Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Maria Julia Golloso-Gubat ◽  
Quinten R. Ducarmon ◽  
Robby Carlo A. Tan ◽  
Romy D. Zwittink ◽  
Ed J. Kuijper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Relationship

Diet and body mass index (BMI) have been shown to affect the gut microbiota of children, but studies are largely performed in developed countries. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation on the differences in the bacterial gut microbiota between normal-weight and overweight urban Filipino children, and determined the relationship between their energy, macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes, and their gut microbiota composition and diversity. Forty-three children (normal-weight, n = 32; overweight, n = 11) participated in the study. Energy and fiber intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 region. The diet of the children was a mixture of traditional and Western patterns. There were no significant differences in energy, macronutrients and energy-adjusted fiber intakes between the normal-weight and overweight groups, but there were significantly more children meeting the recommended fiber intake in the overweight group. Alpha and beta bacterial diversities did not significantly differ between weight groups. Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter and Clostridiaceae 1 were higher in the normal-weight than overweight children, and Lachnospira was higher in overweight children.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259530
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zidong Wang ◽  
Huiling Tian ◽  
Shun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as one of most common dementia, mainly affects older people from the worldwide. In this study, we intended to explore the possible mechanism of improving cognitive function and protecting the neuron effect by electroacupuncture. Method: We applied senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as AD animal model, used Morris water maze, HE staining, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of gut microbiota and ELISA to demonstrate our hypothesis. Results: electroacupuncture improved the learning and memory abilities in SAMP8 mice (P<0.05) and could protect the frontal lobe cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice; electroacupuncture significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.01) and TNF-α (P<0.01 in hippocampus, P<0.05 in serum) in serum and hippocampus; electroacupuncture balanced the quantity and composition of gut microbiome, especially of the relative abundance in Delta-proteobacteria (P<0.05) and Epsilon-proteobacteria (P<0.05). Conclusion: electroacupuncture treatment could inhibit the peripheral and central nerve system inflammatory response by balancing the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Effects of peanut meal extracts fermented by Bacillus natto on the growth performance, learning and memory skills and gut microbiota modulation in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Jiang ◽  
Haoyue Ding ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yuxi Wei ◽  
Yuanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacillus Natto ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the nutritional properties of peanut meal (PM) can be improved after being fermented. The assessment of fermented PM has been reported to be limited to various physical and chemical evaluations in vitro. In the present study, PM was fermented by Bacillus natto to explore the effects of fermented PM extract (FE) on growth performance, learning and memory ability and intestinal microflora in mice. Ninety newly weaned male Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into seven groups: normal group (n 20), low-dose FE group (n 10), middle-dose FE group (MFE) (n 10), high-dose FE group (HFE) (n 20), unfermented extraction group (n 10), model group (10) and natural recovery group (10). Learning and memory skills were performed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the variation in gut microbiota (GM) composition was assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results show that HFE remarkably improved the growth performance in mice. In the MWM test, escape latency was shortened in both MFE and HFE groups, while the percentage of time, distance in target quadrant and the number crossing over the platform were significantly increased in the HFE group. Moreover, the FE played a preventive role in the dysbacteriosis of mice induced by antibiotic and increased the richness and species evenness of GM in mice.

scholarly journals Physical activity and gut microbiota: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gallè ◽  
F Valeriani ◽  
M Antinozzi ◽  
R Liguori ◽  
G Gianfranceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The composition of gut microbiota, and in particular the intestinal abundance of the two main bacterial phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are associated with human health and diseases and may be conditioned by host and environmental factors such as age, gender and diet. The role of Physical Activity (PA) in determining gut microbiota composition has not been yet completely clarified. A cross-sectional study involving undergraduates from two Italian cities is ongoing to explore this relationship. Methods Students were invited to provide a fecal sample and to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to define their habitual PA level (inactive, minimally active, health enhancing physical activity -HEPA- active). Demographic and anthropometric information were also collected. DNA from fecal samples was analyzed through the 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition and variability of the samples were evaluated on the light of participants' PA levels. Results A total of 153 students (47.7% males, mean age 22.4±2.9, mean BMI 22.3±2.7) participated to the study so far. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main represented phyla. An increase in Firmicutes (58.3±16 to 61.4±13.3, p = 0.68) and a reduction in Bacteroidetes (32.6±14.8 to 30.3±11.4, p = 0.51) have been registered with the increase of PA level. A higher variability (expressed as Shannon α-index) has been detected in minimally active (3.39±0.03) and HEPA-active (3.41±0) individuals respect to inactive subjects (3.35±0.07) (p = 0.05). Conclusions Even if they are not significant, these preliminary results suggest a relationship between PA levels and gut microbiota composition. An active lifestyle seems to be associated with a greater microbial diversity in the gut. Further researches are needed to explain these findings. Key messages Physical activity seems to be associated with gut microbiota composition. A greater variability in gut microbiota was found in active people.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Changes in Body Weight in Elderly Subjects with Overweight/Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Alessandro Atzeni ◽  
Serena Galié ◽  
Jananee Muralidharan ◽  
Nancy Babio ◽  
Francisco José Tinahones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Gut microbiota is essential for the development of obesity and related comorbidities. However, studies describing the association between specific bacteria and obesity or weight loss reported discordant results. The present observational study, conducted within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus clinical trial, aims to assess the association between fecal microbiota, body composition and weight loss, in response to a 12-month lifestyle intervention in a subsample of 372 individuals (age 55–75) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Participants were stratified by tertiles of baseline body mass index (BMI) and changes in body weight after 12-month intervention. General assessments, anthropometry and biochemical measurements, and stool samples were collected. 16S amplicon sequencing was performed on bacterial DNA extracted from stool samples and microbiota analyzed. Differential abundance analysis showed an enrichment of Prevotella 9, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 and Bacteroides, associated with a higher weight loss after 12-month of follow-up, whereas in the cross-sectional analysis, Prevotella 2 and Bacteroides were enriched in the lowest tertile of baseline BMI. Our findings suggest that fecal microbiota plays an important role in the control of body weight, supporting specific genera as potential target in personalized nutrition for obesity management. A more in-depth taxonomic identification method and the need of metabolic information encourages to further investigation.

scholarly journals Kefir Peptides Prevent Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss and Modulate the Structure of the Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3432
Author(s):  
Min-Yu Tu ◽  
Kuei-Yang Han ◽  
Gary Ro-Lin Chang ◽  
Guan-Da Lai ◽  
Ku-Yi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing

Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease associated with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Kefir-fermented peptides (KPs) are bioactive peptides with health-promoting benefits that are produced from the degradation of dairy milk proteins by the probiotic microflora in kefir grains. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KPs on osteoporosis prevention and the modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice receiving an 8-week oral gavage of 100 mg of KPs and 100 mg of KPs + 10 mg Ca exhibited lower trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and higher bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb. N) and bone volume (BV/TV), than OVX groups receiving Ca alone and untreated mice, and these effects were also reflected in bones with better mechanical properties of strength and fracture toughness. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was examined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. α-Diversity analysis indicated that the gut microbiota of OVX mice was enriched more than that of sham mice, but the diversity was not changed significantly. Treatment with KPs caused increased microbiota richness and diversity in OVX mice compared with those in sham mice. The microbiota composition changed markedly in OVX mice compared with that in sham mice. Following the oral administration of KPs for 8 weeks, the abundances of Alloprevotella, Anaerostipes, Parasutterella, Romboutsia, Ruminococcus_1 and Streptococcus genera were restored to levels close to those in the sham group. However, the correlation of these bacterial populations with bone metabolism needs further investigation. Taken together, KPs prevent menopausal osteoporosis and mildly modulate the structure of the gut microbiota in OVX mice.

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