scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the General Population in Northeast Germany: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2774-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Holtfreter ◽  
Dorothee Grumann ◽  
Veronika Balau ◽  
Annette Barwich ◽  
Julia Kolata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Mrsa St398

Population-based studies onStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization are scarce. We examined the prevalence, resistance, and molecular diversity ofS. aureusin the general population in Northeast Germany. Nasal swabs were obtained from 3,891 adults in the large-scale population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). Isolates were characterized usingspagenotyping, as well as antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiling. We observed anS. aureusprevalence of 27.2%. NasalS. aureuscarriage was associated with male sex and inversely correlated with age. Methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) accounted for 0.95% of the colonizingS. aureusstrains. MRSA carriage was associated with frequent visits to hospitals, nursing homes, or retirement homes within the previous 24 months. All MRSA strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Most MRSA isolates belonged to the pandemic European hospital-acquired MRSA sequence type 22 (HA-MRSA-ST22) lineage. We also detected one livestock-associated MRSA ST398 (LA-MRSA-ST398) isolate, as well as six livestock-associated methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(LA-MSSA) isolates (clonal complex 1 [CC1], CC97, and CC398).spatyping revealed a diverse but also highly clonalS. aureuspopulation structure. We identified a total of 357spatypes, which were grouped into 30 CCs or sequence types. The major seven CCs (CC30, CC45, CC15, CC8, CC7, CC22, and CC25) included 75% of all isolates. Virulence gene patterns were strongly linked to the clonal background. In conclusion, MSSA and MRSA prevalences and the molecular diversity ofS. aureusin Northeast Germany are consistent with those of other European countries. The detection of HA-MRSA and LA-MRSA within the general population indicates possible transmission from hospitals and livestock, respectively, and should be closely monitored.

scholarly journals Enhancing Survey Participation among Foreign-Born Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Castaneda ◽  
Shadia Rask ◽  
Tommi Härkänen ◽  
Teppo Juntunen ◽  
Natalia Skogberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Scale Population

The Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) is the first large-scale population-based health examination survey among the foreign-born population in Finland, unique also at the European level. It provides information on wellbeing of three major foreign-born groups: Russian, Somali, and Kurdish. In data collection, extra effort was put into reaching the sampled persons (n=3,000), for example by recruiting bilingual personnel to carry out the data collection, reaching participation rates as high as 70%, 51%, and 63%, respectively. A comparison group of the general population was available from a general population survey. The main challenges in fieldwork included reaching sampled persons, supervision of the fieldwork personnel, and special linguistic or cultural needs. Our experiences show that participation rate can be improved by engaging the target groups in all stages of the survey process and using several recruitment strategies, ending up with succeeding in pointing out health inequalities in the population.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: A link between appendectomy and gastrointestinal cancers: a large-scale population-based cohort study in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn Young Park ◽  
Kil‑yong Lee ◽  
Seong Taek Oh ◽  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Kyung Do Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Scale Population

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danmeng Liu ◽  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Shaonong Dang ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Yaling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Population

ObjectivesTo report the situation of maternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China and to examine the rates of and factors related to the adherence to micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women in this region, where dietary micronutrient intake is commonly insufficient.DesignA large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey.SettingTwenty counties and ten districts of Shaanxi Province.ParticipantsA sample of 30 027 women were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. A total of 28 678 women were chosen for the final analysis after excluding those who did not provide clear information about nutritional supplementation before and during pregnancy.Main outcome measuresMaternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation (high and low) were the outcomes. They were determined by the start time and duration of use according to Chinese guidelines (for folic acid (FA) supplements) and WHO recommendations (for iron, calcium and multiple-micronutrient (MMN) supplements).ResultsIn total, 83.9% of women took at least one kind of micronutrient supplement before or during pregnancy. FA (67.6%) and calcium (57.5%) were the primarily used micronutrient supplements; few participants used MMN (14.0%) or iron (5.4%). Adherence to supplementation of all micronutrients was low (7.4% for FA, 0.6% for iron, 11.7% for calcium and 2.7% for MMN). Higher educational levels, higher income levels, urban residence and better antenatal care (including pregnancy consultation and a higher frequency of antenatal visits) were associated with high adherence to micronutrient supplementation.ConclusionMaternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China was way below standards recommended by the Chinese guidelines or WHO. Targeted health education and future nutritional guidelines are suggested to improve this situation, especially in pregnant women with disadvantaged sociodemographic conditions.

scholarly journals Role of BrnQ1 and BrnQ2 in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transport and Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julienne C. Kaiser ◽  
Sameha Omer ◽  
Jessica R. Sheldon ◽  
Ian Welch ◽  
David E. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; Ile, Leu, and Val) not only are important nutrients for the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusbut also are corepressors for CodY, which regulates virulence gene expression, implicating BCAAs as an important link between the metabolic state of the cell and virulence. BCAAs are either synthesized intracellularly or acquired from the environment.S. aureusencodes three putative BCAA transporters, designated BrnQ1, BrnQ2, and BrnQ3; their functions have not yet been formally tested. In this study, we mutated all threebrnQparalogs so as to characterize their substrate specificities and their roles in growthin vitroandin vivo. We demonstrated that in the community-associated, methicillin-resistantS. aureus(CA-MRSA) strain USA300, BrnQ1 is involved in uptake of all three BCAAs, BrnQ2 transports Ile, and BrnQ3 does not have a significant role in BCAA transport under the conditions tested. Of the three, only BrnQ1 is essential for USA300 to grow in a chemically defined medium that is limited for Leu or Val. Interestingly, we observed that abrnQ2mutant grew better than USA300 in media limited for Leu and Val, owing to the fact that this mutation leads to overexpression ofbrnQ1. In a murine infection model, thebrnQ1mutant was attenuated, but in contrast,brnQ2mutants had significantly increased virulence compared to that of USA300, a phenotype we suggest is at least partially linked to enhancedin vivoscavenging of Leu and Val through BrnQ1. These data uncover a hitherto-undiscovered connection between nutrient acquisition and virulence in CA-MRSA.

Intolerance to environmental chemicals and sounds in irritable bowel syndrome: Explained by central sensitization?

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnea Ståhlberg ◽  
Eva Palmquist ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Behavioral Disruptions

This study tested the hypotheses of irritable bowel syndrome showing (1) comorbidity with chemical and sound intolerance, other types of functionally somatic syndromes, and psychiatric disorders and (2) stronger than normal affective reactions to and behavioral disruptions from odorous/pungent chemicals and sounds in daily life. These hypotheses were tested by means of data from a large-scale population-based questionnaire study. The results showed comorbidity in irritable bowel syndrome with chemical and sound intolerance, fibromyalgia, migraine, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic syndrome, and depression as well as strong reactions/disruptions from odorous/pungent chemicals and sounds in irritable bowel syndrome.

scholarly journals Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwen Qin ◽  
Aki S Havulinna ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pekka Jousilahti ◽  
Scott C Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Disease Analysis

Co-evolution between humans and the microbial communities colonizing them has resulted in an intimate assembly of thousands of microbial species mutualistically living on and in their body and impacting multiple aspects of host physiology and health. Several studies examining whether human genetic variation can affect gut microbiota suggest a complex combination of environmental and host factors. Here, we leverage a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial shotgun metagenomes, dietary information and health records up to 16 years post-sampling, to characterize human genetic variations associated with microbial abundances, and predict possible causal links with various diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 583 independent SNP-taxon associations at genome-wide significance (p<5.0×10-8), which included notable strong associations with LCT (p=5.02×10-35), ABO (p=1.1×10-12), and MED13L (p=1.84×10-12). A combination of genetics and dietary habits was shown to strongly shape the abundances of certain key bacterial members of the gut microbiota, and explain their genetic association. Genetic effects from the LCT locus on Bifidobacterium and three other associated taxa significantly differed according to dairy intake. Variation in mucin-degrading Faecalicatena lactaris abundances were associated with ABO, highlighting a preferential utilization of secreted A/B/AB-antigens as energy source in the gut, irrespectively of fibre intake. Enterococcus faecalis levels showed a robust association with a variant in MED13L, with putative links to colorectal cancer. Finally, we identified putative causal relationships between gut microbes and complex diseases using MR, with a predicted effect of Morganella on major depressive disorder that was consistent with observational incident disease analysis. Overall, we present striking examples of the intricate relationship between humans and their gut microbial communities, and highlight important health implications.

scholarly journals The impact of C-reactive protein levels on headache frequency in the HUNT study 2006–2008

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Lars Jacob Stovner ◽  
Kristian Bernhard Nilsen ◽  
Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen ◽  
Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increased high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels have been found in many earlier studies on migraine, and recently also in persons with migraine and insomnia. The aim of this study was to see whether these findings could be reproduced in a large-scale population-based study. Methods A total of 50,807 (54%) out of 94,194 invited aged ≥20 years or older participated in the third wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study study performed in 2006–2008. Among these, 38,807 (41%) had valid measures of hs-CRP and answered questions on headache and insomnia. Elevated hs-CRP was defined as > 3.0 mg/L. The cross-sectional association with headache was estimated by multivariate analyses using multiple logistic regression. The precision of the odds ratio (OR) was assessed with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In the fully adjusted model, elevated hs-CRP was associated with migraine (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25) and migraine with aura (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29). The association was strongest among individuals with headache ≥15 days/month for any headache (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.48), migraine (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21–2.17), and migraine with aura (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.27–2.67). No clear relationship was found between elevated hs-CRP and headache less than 7 days/month or with insomnia. Conclusions Cross-sectional data from this large-scale population-based study showed that elevated hs-CRP was associated with headache ≥7 days/month, especially evident for migraine with aura.

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