scholarly journals Recovery of yeast from vented blood culture bottles

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
G D Roberts ◽  
C Horstmeier ◽  
M Hall ◽  
J A Washington
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Medium

Rates of isolation of yeasts from blood cultures were significantly enhanced by venting vacuum blood culture bottles in studies of both stimulated and patients' blood cultures; however, the time interval to detection of positivity of yeasts in the clinical studies was significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter in a vented bottle with biphasic brain heart infusion medium than in a vented bottle with soybean-casein digest broth. The mean time intervals to detection of positivity were 2.6 days in the former and 5.2 days in the latter.

scholarly journals Time Intervals From Onset of Clinical Manifestations to Treatment in Patients With Cancer at Hospital General San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
José A. Sánchez ◽  
Mayra G. Handal ◽  
Juan F. Vílchez Rodriguez ◽  
Sinthia I. Mejía ◽  
Annye P. Pagoaga
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

PURPOSE In cancer, clinical staging is related to outcomes, and this is linked to the evolution of the disease over time. In Honduras, cancer mortality is high, and time intervals from onset of symptoms to treatment of cancer are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine these intervals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation was carried out from April 25 to August 30, 2018, and included 202 patients at the main cancer referral center in Honduras. For the purposes of the study, information was obtained from patients, their caregiver, medical records, or treatment cards. Patients older than age 18 years were included after informed consent was signed. RESULTS The mean time interval from onset of symptoms to cancer treatment was 232 days. Different intervals of time were identified, and the mean of these intervals was calculated in days as follows: 68 days from onset of symptoms to first medical evaluation; 146 days from first evaluation to oncologist consultation; 26 days from cancer specialist to the pathology report; and 86 days from the histopathologic diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. Once diagnosis was established, the average elapsed times to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy were 88, 102, 76, and 154 days, respectively ( P < .05, when surgery is compared against chemotherapy and radiotherapy). CONCLUSION The mean time interval from symptom presentation to treatment in patients with cancer is more than 7 months. This could explain the advanced stages of disease seen at the time of treatment in Honduras, which decrease chance of cure and increase the mortality rate of cancer). Appropriate intervention to decrease these intervals must be taken to reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a hypertonic sucrose medium for the detection of fungi in blood cultures

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G D Roberts ◽  
C D Horstmeier ◽  
D M Ilstrup
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Medium

A comparison was made between biphasic brain heart infusion medium without and with 15% sucrose in vented blood culture bottles. A higher recovery rate (P less than 0.01) of fungi was noted in the medium without sucrose.

Angles, Traction, and Time after Delivery of Fetal Head: Interobserver Variation of Novel Visual Analogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-Ama Ankumah ◽  
Vidya Chauhan ◽  
Claudia Pedroza ◽  
Rodney McLaren ◽  
Sean Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Objective The objective was to ascertain interobserver variability for assessment of Angles of fetal head manipulation, Traction exerted on the fetal head, and Time interval from the emergence of the head to the feet (ATT) at vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods Singleton pregnancies of ≥36 weeks with vaginal delivery were included. Visual analogs were created to assess angles and traction, and mobile phone stopwatch was used to assess the time interval. The intraclass coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine interobserver variability. Results Thirty-seven deliveries were analyzed. For the two observers, the median angle for downward manipulation was –5° vs –20° (interquartile range [IQR], –5 to –5 vs –30 to –10), ICC of 0.09 (poor agreement; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.09, 0.32), and that for upward manipulation was 10° vs 20° (IQR, 10–15 vs 10–30), ICC of 0.25 (poor agreement; 95% CI –0.05, 0.52). ICC for lateral manipulation could not be calculated as it was not noted in 98% of deliveries. Mean traction was 2.5 versus 5.0, ICC of 0.36 (poor agreement; 95% CI –0.09, 0.72). The mean time intervals were 14.9 versus 14.0 seconds, ICC of 0.94 (excellent agreement, 95% CI 0.88–0.97). Conclusion With exception of time interval, interobserver agreement was poor in estimation of fetal head manipulation and traction.

How to avoid the faster-is-slower effect in competitive evacuation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 123405
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Qiu ◽  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Xingchao Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Xiong ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract The faster-is-slower (FIS) effect is an interesting phenomenon in crowd dynamics. However, the validity of FIS was not universally accepted without objection. A series of experiments was conducted by using a group of young students in a room evacuating through a narrow exit at two locations, i.e. a center exit and a corner exit. The mean time intervals of two consecutive persons passing through a center exit were 1.14 ± 0.09, 1.31 ± 0.43 and 1.42 ± 0.93 s at low, medium and high competitiveness, respectively, i.e. which was the FIS effect. However, the mean time intervals of two consecutive persons passing through a corner exit were 1.04 ± 0.07 and 0.85 ± 0.17 s at low and high competitiveness, respectively, which was contrary to the FIS effect. Furthermore, two series of circulation movement at high competiveness were studied in which all students were required to re-enter the room from another opening after getting out of the room and this process continued until the end of a test. The mean time interval of consecutive persons passing through the exits was around 2.39 ± 4.29 and 0.77 ± 0.25 s for the center exit and corner exit respectively, and the flow rate of the corner exit was around 3 times that of the center exit. The complementary cumulative probability distribution of the time intervals between consecutive students Δt was studied and it followed a power law, i.e. P Δ t ∼ Δ t − a l p h a . However, the study showed that alpha alone cannot well represent the efficiency of an evacuation. The experiment demonstrated that the FIS effect can be avoided by relocating the exit to the corner and the flow rate can be greatly improved, particularly in high competiveness conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Injection Pressure of Infiltration Anesthesia to the Jawbone

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yoshida ◽  
Eri Tanaka ◽  
Hiroyoshi Kawaai ◽  
Shinya Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
White Male ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lidocaine Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic Infiltration

To obtain effective infiltration anesthesia in the jawbone, high concentrations of local anesthetic are needed. However, to reduce pain experienced by patients during local anesthetic administration, low-pressure injection is recommended for subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia. Currently, there are no studies regarding the effect of injection pressure on infiltration anesthesia, and a standard injection pressure has not been clearly determined. Hence, the effect of injection pressure of subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia on local anesthetic infiltration to the jawbone was considered by directly measuring lidocaine concentration in the jawbone. Japanese white male rabbits were used as test animals. After inducing general anesthesia with oxygen and sevoflurane, cannulation to the femoral artery was performed and arterial pressure was continuously recorded. Subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia was performed by injecting 0.5 mL of 2% lidocaine containing 1/80,000 adrenaline, and injection pressure was monitored by a pressure transducer for 40 seconds. After specified time intervals (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes), jawbone and blood samples were collected, and the concentration of lidocaine at each time interval was measured. The mean injection pressure was divided into 4 groups (100 ± 50 mm Hg, 200 ± 50 mm Hg, 300 ± 50 mm Hg, and 400 ± 50 mm Hg), and comparison statistical analysis between these 4 groups was performed. No significant change in blood pressure during infiltration anesthesia was observed in any of the 4 groups. Lidocaine concentration in the blood and jawbone were highest 10 minutes after the infiltration anesthesia in all 4 groups and decreased thereafter. Lidocaine concentration in the jawbone increased as injection pressure increased, while serum lidocaine concentration was significantly lower. This suggests that when injection pressure of subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia is low, infiltration of local anesthetic to the jawbone may be reduced, while transfer to oral mucosa and blood may be increased.

scholarly journals Recovery of Adrenal Insufficiency Is Frequent After Adjuvant Mitotane Therapy in Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Poirier ◽  
Nadia Gagnon ◽  
Massimo Terzolo ◽  
Soraya Puglisi ◽  
Nada El Ghorayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Chronic Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Mitotane is a steroidogenesis inhibitor and adrenolytic drug used for treatment of adrenocortical cancer (ACC). Mitotane therapy causes adrenal insufficiency requiring glucocorticoid replacement in all patients. However, it is unclear whether chronic therapy with mitotane induces complete destruction of zona fasciculata and whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can recover after treatment cessation. Our objective was to assess the HPA axis recovery in a cohort of patients after cessation of adjuvant mitotane therapy for ACC. We retrospectively reviewed patient files with stage I-II-III ACC in two referral centers in Canada and Italy. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, hormonal profile, and HPA axis were collected. Data from 23 patients with pathologically proven ACC treated with adjuvant mitotane for a minimum of two years were analyzed. Eight patients were males and 15 were females and the median age was 41 years old (range 18 to 73). After mitotane cessation, 18/23 (78.3%) patients achieved a complete HPA axis recovery while 3/23 (13.0%) were unable to tolerate glucocorticoid withdrawal despite having normal hormonal test values and 2/23 (8.7%) never achieved recovery. The mean time interval between mitotane cessation and HPA axis recovery was 2.7 years. A high proportion of patients achieved HPA axis recovery following cessation of mitotane adjuvant therapy. However, complete recovery was often delayed up to 2.5 years and regular assessment of the hormonal profile is required.

How promptly nonindustrial private forest landowners regenerate their lands after harvest: a duration analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2109-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Sun ◽  
Ian A. Munn ◽  
Changyou Sun ◽  
Anwar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Landowners ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nonindustrial Private Forest ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Private Forest Landowners

Understanding factors that influence how promptly landowners regenerate their timberlands after harvest, if at all, is critical to developing policies to improve forest productivity. Mississippi forest landowners with over 100 acres (1 acre = 0.404 ha) of forestland were surveyed in 2006 to collect harvest and regeneration data from 1996 to 2006. This study investigated the length of the time interval between harvest and reforestation. Nonparametric duration analysis was used to examine how long nonindustrial private forest landowners waited to reforest after harvesting. Parametric duration analysis was used to examine factors that influenced the length of this period. The mean time elapsed from harvest to regeneration was 11 months for landowners that regenerated their lands. The instantaneous probability of regeneration reached its highest value in the 16th month after harvest and, thereafter, decreased steadily until the 28th month, after which the probability of regeneration was essentially nil. Interest in timber production, employing a consultant, and ownerships that were predominantly pine forest types were factors associated with substantially shorter reforestation times. Lower stumpage prices and higher reforestation costs were associated with substantially longer reforestation times.

scholarly journals An Adaptive and Time-Efficient ECG R-Peak Detection Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Qin ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Yinggao Yue ◽  
Chengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Peak Detection ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Peak Detection Algorithm ◽  
Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Mean Time

R-peak detection is crucial in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis. This study proposed an adaptive and time-efficient R-peak detection algorithm for ECG processing. First, wavelet multiresolution analysis was applied to enhance the ECG signal representation. Then, ECG was mirrored to convert large negative R-peaks to positive ones. After that, local maximums were calculated by the first-order forward differential approach and were truncated by the amplitude and time interval thresholds to locate the R-peaks. The algorithm performances, including detection accuracy and time consumption, were tested on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and the QT database. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm achieved mean sensitivity of 99.39%, positive predictivity of 99.49%, and accuracy of 98.89% on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and 99.83%, 99.90%, and 99.73%, respectively, on the QT database. By processing one ECG record, the mean time consumptions were 0.872 s and 0.763 s for the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and QT database, respectively, yielding 30.6% and 32.9% of time reduction compared to the traditional Pan-Tompkins method.

scholarly journals Premature chromosome condensation studies in human leukemia: 5. Prediction of early relapse

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
WN Hittelman ◽  
SD Menegaz ◽  
KB McCredie ◽  
MJ Keating
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Premature Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
G1 Cells ◽  
Time To Relapse ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Previous reports have suggested that the technique of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is useful for predicting relapse in patients with acute leukemia. However, these studies involved patients had been in complete remission (CR) for various periods of time and had heterogeneous expectations for relapse. The purpose of this study was to further determine the value of PCC in predicting relapse by examining the PCC characteristics of bone marrow specimens from patients with acute leukemia on a common therapeutic regimen after similar periods in CR. The remission durations after the PCC determinations were compared between patients with high or low proliferative potential indices (PPI, or the fraction of G1 cells in late G1 phase). Of 60 patients studied between two and eight weeks after achieving CR, 14 of the 16 patients exhibiting high PPI values (greater than or equal to 35) have relapsed. The mean time from PCC measurement to relapse was 23 weeks. In contrast, only 19 of the 44 patients exhibiting low PPI values have relapsed, with an estimated mean time to relapse of 68+ weeks. Likewise, of 38 patients studied between nine and 15 weeks of CR, nine of the ten patients exhibiting high PPI values have relapsed (mean time to relapse, 23 weeks), while only 16 of 28 patients with low PPI values have relapsed (estimated mean time to relapse, 54+ weeks). The predictive value of the PCC technique was found to be independent of other prognostic factors for the duration of CR, and it identified those patients within the poor prognostic category with a high likelihood of imminent relapse. While similar trends were observed at later time intervals in CR, the differences in relapse rate between patients with high or low PPI values is not significant. These results confirm the usefulness of the PCC technique in predicting relapse in acute leukemia and could aid in the identification of patients who might benefit by an alteration of therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Utility of A Single Widal Test in The Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABM Shahidul Alam ◽  
Fahim Ahmed Rupam ◽  
Farhana Chaiti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agglutinin Titer

Background & objectives: The clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever is difficult, as the presenting symptoms are often diverse and similar to those observed with other febrile illnesses. The definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever requires the isolation of Salmonella typhi or paratyphi from the patient concerned. Since patients often receive antibiotics prior to a confirmatory diagnosis, there is uncertainty that bacteria can be isolated from the blood cultures. Besides this, the facilities for blood culture are not always available or feasible. All these limitations have made Widal test the most utilized diagnostic test for typhoid fever. Many studies have produced data which had cast serious doubts on the value of the Widal Test and thus reappraisal of the role of a single Widal test is needed.Methods & materials: This study was carried out to determine the changes in clinical pattern of enteric fever. A total of 153 children, aged 0 to 14 years, diagnosed as typhoid fever (either positive blood culture for Salmonella typhi or paratyphi) were induced in the study. Of them, 86 children were with a definitive diagnosis of typhoid or paratyphoid fever as indicated by the isolation of S. typhi or S. paratyphi from the blood and 17 had negative blood culture but were clinically suspected of having typhoid fever. The control group was comprised of 50 children with non-typhoidal fevers The Widal test was carried out using rapid slide agglutination method and its accuracy was assessed by comparing the findings with that obtained through blood culture.Result: The mean age of the patients was 5.2 ± 2.8 years and the youngest and oldest patients were 0.7 and 14 years respectively and male to female ratio was roughly 1:1. Nearly one-quarter (24.6%) of the patients had been suffering from the disease for >10 days and the mean duration of illness was 8.2 ± 3.3 days. Widal Test result showed that an ‘O’ agglutinin titer of cut-off value e”1:40 gave a sensitivity of 87.2%, a specificity of 47.1%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 89.2% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 42.1%. The sensitivity and NPV decreased with the increase in titer levels and were 56.9% and 31.5% at cut-off value of e” 1:320, while the specificity and PPV increased with the increase in titer levels from 47.1% and 89.2% respectively at a titer of e”1:40 to 100% at a titer of e” 1:320. The ‘titer behaved in the same way as did the ‘O’ agglutinin titer. Similarly when H’ agglutinin was used the sensitivity and NPV decreased from 65% and 31.7% at a titer of e”1:40 to only 25% and 20% respectively at a titer of > 1:320, while specificity and PPV increased from 76.4% and 81.1% at >1:40 to 94.1% and 95.6% respectively at e” 1:320. When either ‘O’ or ‘H’ antibody titer of e”1:160 was used, a good sensitivity (71%), specificity (70.6%) and PPV (92.4%) resulted, though NPV decreased to 32.4%.Conclusion: The Widal test can be of diagnostic value when blood cultures are not available nor practically feasible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i2.10377  Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; Vol 35 (2): 53-58

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