Prevalence and pre-disposing factors associated to gastro intestinal protozoan infections among diarrheal children under 5 years in kisii county, kenya.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Okeri Ondara ◽  
Benson Omweri Nyachong’i ◽  
Vincent Obino Orucho
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract ABSTRACT. Objectives: Mortality and morbidity due to diarrheal diseases among children below the age of five has been increasing especially in the developing countries. This infection has not got attention like other health issues at national or regional levels. Documenting the risk prevalence and factors that influence the occurrence of the diarrheal diseases help to inform the and to develop preventive strategies for the county of study and the country at large. Results: There was high prevalence of gastro intestinal protozoan infection with 34(28.3%) children infected with either Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia or both (co infections). Female children were 2.1 times less likely to be infected with gastro intestinal protozoa than their male counterparts, though not statistic ally different (P=0.392). Keywords: Gastro intestinal protozoans, diarrhea, children under 5 years

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Protozoan Infections among the Tea Estates Workers of Ilam District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
R. B. Sah ◽  
U Shah ◽  
N Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Tea Garden

<strong>Introduction</strong>: Intestinal protozoan infections continue to remain a global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Since diagnosis of these parasites is difficult, prevalence data on intestinal protozoa is scarce. <strong>Objectives</strong>: To measure the prevalence of intestinal Protozoan Infections and to identify risk factors associated with Protozoan Infections among the tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. Out of 4 tea estates in Ilam District, 2 tea estates (Ilam Municipality and Kanyam) were selected randomly. Out of total 150 tea workers (30 in Ilam Municipality and 120 in Kanyam), 98 workers participated in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used and routine examination of stool was done. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed. <strong>Results</strong>: Prevalence of protozoan infections among the Tea Estates workers of Ilam District was 22.4%. <em>Giardia lamblia</em> was seen higher (12.2%) than <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> (10.2%). Regarding ethnicity, the protozoan infection was seen higher among Dalit (40%) than Janajati (18.8%) and Brahmin/Chhetri (11.1%) (P&lt;0.05). The protozoan infections was seen lower who use of soap and water after defecation (6.2%) than those using only water (60%) (P&lt;0.001). The protozoan infections was also seen lower who wear sandals or shoes (17.3%) than those did not wear (47.1%) (P&lt;0.05). The protozoan infection was seen higher among those having the habit of nail biting and thumbs sucking. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: There is relatively high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among the Tea garden workers in Ilam District of Nepal. This obviously suggests that there is possible poor personal hygiene, sanitation, and behavior oriented risk factors which predispose the workers to these parasites.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Patients in Sana'a City, Yemen

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e22044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naelah A. Alyousefi ◽  
Mohammed A. K. Mahdy ◽  
Rohela Mahmud ◽  
Yvonne A. L. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections

scholarly journals Intestinal Protozoan Parasitosis in 4- and 11-year-old Children in Cunduana Community, Riobamba Canton, Chimborazo, June 2019 June

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Inca Martínez ◽  
Martha Cecilia Bonilla Caicedo ◽  
Silvana Paola Ocaña Coello
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Physiological Serum

Introduction: Parasitosis is a public health problem that affects millions of people, school-age children are more vulnerable, affects their physical and intellectual development, are transmitted by fecal-oral route, and is associated with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions. In Ecuador they constitute the second reason for medical consultation. Objective: To contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa in our environment. Methodology: An experimental descriptive study, with a universe of 80 children, obtaining 55 samples, a direct examination was carried out in preparations with physiological serum and lugol, identifying the parasites by their microscopic morphology. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa was 78.18%, while for the parasites Endolimax nana 30.9% Entamoeba histolytica, 34.5% and Giardia lamblia 14.5%. 40%  of the participants were monoparasitized and 38.2% had polyparasitosis. Conclusion: High prevalence of parasitosis by intestinal protozoa was determined in the children of the Unit with 78.18%. The most prevalent ameboid protozoan was E. nana, followed by the pathogenic protozoan E. histolytica, while G. lamblia was flagellated protozoan identified. The lack of adequate sanitary infrastructure, habits of hygiene, environmental pollution, influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. Keywords: protozoan infections, intestinal diseases, child. RESUMEN Introducción: Parasitosis es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas, los niños en edad escolar son más vulnerables, afecta su desarrollo físico e intelectual, se transmiten por vía fecal-oral, y está asociada a deficientes condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias. En Ecuador constituyen el segundo motivo de consulta médica. Objetivo: contribuir al conocimiento epidemiológico de las parasitosis intestinales por protozoos en nuestro medio. Metodología: estudio descriptivo experimental, con un universo de 80 niños y niñas, obteniendo 55 muestras, se realizó examen directo en preparaciones con suero fisiológico y lugol, identificando los parásitos por su morfología microscópica. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal por protozoos fue de 78,18%, mientras que para los parásitos Endolimax nana 30,9%, Entamoeba histolytica 34,5% y Giardia lamblia 14,5%. El 40% de los participantes fue monoparasitado y el 38,2% presentó poliparasitosis. Conclusiones: Se determinó alta prevalencia de parasitosis por protozoos intestinales en los niños y niñas de la Unidad con un 78,18%. El protozoo ameboideo de mayor prevalencia fue E. nana, seguido del protozoo patógeno E. histolytica, mientras que G. lambia fue protozoo flagelado identificado. La falta de una adecuada infraestructura sanitaria, hábitos de higiene, contaminación ambiental, influyen en la prevalencia de la parasitosis intestinal. Palabras clave: infecciones por protozoos, parasitosis intestinales, niños.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoan Morphology in Human Fecal Specimens Preserved in EcoFix: Comparison of Wheatley’s Trichrome Stain and EcoStain

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1974-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne S. Garcia ◽  
Robyn Y. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Color Differences

As a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based Schaudinn’s and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. A comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with PVA containing the EcoFix zinc-based Schaudinn’s preservative (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.); both Wheatley’s modification of Gomori’s trichrome stain (WT) and EcoStain (ES) were used to stain 51 human fecal specimens. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail, overall color differences, and the ease or difficulty in detecting intestinal protozoa in fecal debris were assessed for the two permanent stained smears. Overall, organism morphology of the intestinal protozoa stained with WT and that of protozoa stained with ES were not equal in nuclear and cytoplasmic detail or range of color. However, the same organisms were identified in stained fecal smears with either WT or ES, with the exception of situations in which organism numbers were characterized as rare. Included were 67 protozoan challenges (number of organisms): Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar (5), Entamoeba coli (9),Entamoeba hartmanni (6), Endolimax nana (12),Iodamoeba bütschlii (8), Blastocystis hominis (19), Giardia lamblia (6), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), yeast (2), and leukocytes (2). Five specimens were negative for parasites but contained fecal debris that was compared for morphologic detail and color range. The ES produces a more gray-green monotone with very little pink or red tone; contrast among the various colors is less than that seen with WT. Stain intensity for all organisms was acceptable, and there were no problems with stain deposition. The quality of the protozoan morphology with ES was often comparable to that with WT (36 of 67 [53.7%]) and, in some cases, better (24 of 67 [35.8%]). Organisms on the WT-stained smear exhibited better morphology in a few instances (4 of 67 [6%]), and in three instances, there were discrepant organism numbers.

scholarly journals Electrolyte disturbance in rotaviral diarrhea and other acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Keerthana T. N. Gubbari
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Acute diarrheal disease is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in under 5 children. Rotavirus is one of the important cause of diarrhea in under 5. This study was done to know the electrolyte disturbance in under 5 children with diarrhea.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Masonic Medical Centre for Children, Coimbatore on children aged less than 5 years with acute diarrhea with moderate and severe dehydration.Results: Total 220 children are included in study, among them 66(58.9%) had rotavirus infection. Among 220 cases of diarrhea 14.09% (31/220) had hypernatremia, 2.72% (6/220) had hyponatremia, 4.54% (10/220) had hyperkalemia and 9.09% (20/220) had hypokalemia. Among 66 cases of rotavirus diarrhea, 27.27% (18/66) had hypernatremia, 4.5% (3/66) had hyponatremia and 25.75% (17/66) had hypokalemia.Conclusions: Hypernatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in acute diarrheal diseases and most frequently seen in rotavirus diarrhea. In most of the situation, there is unavailability of laboratory or time lag in obtaining reports. Hence prediction of electrolyte disturbance and management is more important in diarrheal disease.

First evidences of salt and pepper retinal lesions in patients with intestinal protozoan infections in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Huriyeh Gorgizadeh ◽  
Masoud Soosaraei ◽  
Azar Shokri ◽  
Zainab Bandalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Salt And Pepper ◽  
First Time

Background: It is make clear that salt and pepper retinal lesion (SPRL) has subsequently associated with the infection with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). However, little is known regarding prevalence of SPRL among patients suffered from parasitic infections in the world. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SPRL among patients with intestinal protozoan infections, for the first time, in Sari, northern Iran. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 150 subjects participated: 75 were in patients group diagnosed to have intestinal parasite, and 75 in control group without any intestinal infection. Fecal samples were obtained from all participants and examined with wet mount and formalin-ether methods. The retina of both groups was examined by an ophthalmologist. Results: Overall, salt and pepper retinal changes were diagnosed in 12 (16 %) patients with at least one parasitic infection (7 females and 5 males). G. lamblia was diagnosed in 6 subjects (50%), Blastocystis hominis in 5 (41.6%), and Entamoeba coli in 1 (8.3 %). Most of the patients (58.3%) had a mild infection. Bilateral retina involvement was observed in 75% of the patients. Furthermore, macula involvement was observed in 91.7 % with SPRL. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the relatively high prevalence of SPRL in subjects with giardiasis and blastocystosis. It can be concluded that not only G. lamblia but also B. hominis can cause SPRL in Sari, Iran. Further studies are needed to find other etiologic parasites able to cause retinal damages.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik dan Faktor Risikonya Pada Anak Panti Asuhan Kota Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Esy Maryanti ◽  
M. Reyhan Ahza Hamidy ◽  
Lilly Haslinda
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa are protozoa that can infect humans at a time when the body’s defense system isdeclining (immunocompromising). Opportunistic protozoan infections are infections by intestinal protozoa that werenot previously considered important, but now can cause disease in humans. Opportunistic intestinal protozoan infectionsbesides being found in immunocompromised patients are also reported to infect children. Some of the intestinalprotozoan species that have been identified to cause infection are Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belii, Cyclospora sp,and Blastocystis hominis. This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted in June 2018until January 2019. In this study, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used and the results were 25.6% of orphanagesinfected with opportunistic intestinal protozoa, which consisted of Cryptosporidium sp. as much as 14.1%, Blastocystishominis as much as 4.6%, infection with a mixture of Cryptosporidium sp and Blastocystis hominis as much as 4.6%,Isospora belii as much as 2.3%, and no infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis. There was no association betweenopportunistic intestinal protozoan infections with poor handwashing habits, bowel habits, food hygiene, drinkingwater treatment, and bad animal raising habits.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN INFEKSI PROTOZOA INTESTINAL PADA ANAK BINAAN RUMAH SINGGAH AMANAH KOTA PADANG

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen ◽  
Frequent Infection

AbstrakInfeksi protozoa intestinal masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara tropis dan negara berkembang. Yang termasuk ke dalam protozoa intestinal patogen di antaranya adalah G. lamblia dan E. histolitika.Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap anak binaan Rumah Singgah “Amanah”, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Pemeriksaan tinja dilakukan terhadap 66 anak dengan metode langsung menggunakan eosin dan lugol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran infeksi protozoa intestinal pada anak binaan rumah singgah Amanah.Telah dilakukan penelitian di Rumah Singgah “Amanah”, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang, terhadap anak biaHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak yang terinfeksi protozoa intestinal sebesar 40,91%. Berdasarkan jenis spesies, distribusi frekuensi terbanyak yang menginfeksi anak adalah G. lamblia yaitu 37,88%, sedangkan infeksi oleh E. histolitika adalah 3,03%. Frekuensi infeksi G. Lamblia lebih tinggi pada umur < 10 tahun yaitu 27,27%, tetapi pada infeksi E. histolitika terlihat tidak ada perbedaan. Distribusi infeksi berdasarkan jenis kelamin hampir sama pada G. lamblia maupun E. histolitika. Berdasarkan pekerjaan, lebih separuh anak binaan yang terinfeksi protozoa intestinal bekerja sebagai penjaja makanan.Kata kunci: Protozoa intestinal, G. lamblia, E. histolitikaAbstractPrevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in Rumah Singgah Amanah, Kota Padang. Intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem in tropical countries and developing countries. The intestinal protozoan pathogen of which is G. lamblia and E.histolitika.This research is descriptif study and it was conducted in Rumah Singgah Amanah, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Stool examination has been carried out to 66 children by direct fecal examination method using eosin and Lugol. The purpose of this research is to know the description of intestinal protozoan in fection in Rumah Singgah Amanah.Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection was 40,91%, the highest frequent infection was G. lamblia which was 37.88%, E. histolitika was 3.03%. FrequencyARTIKEL PENELITIAN61of G. lamblia infection was higher in age <10 years is 27.27%. There was no different in age in E.histolytica infection. There was no different in sex in both infection. Half of children with intestinal protozoa infection were food seller.Key words : Intestinal Protozoa, G. lamblia, E. histolitika

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Common Pathogenic Human Intestinal Protozoa in Iran: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi MOHEBALI ◽  
Hossein KESHAVARZ ◽  
Mohammad Javad ABBASZADEH AFSHAR ◽  
Ahmad Ali HANAFI-BOJD ◽  
Gholamreza HASSANPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Background: Pathogenic intestinal protozoa are considered as a serious public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to elucidate the overall prevalence and spatial distribution of three common human pathogenic intestinal protozoan infections in Iran. Methods: Six English and Persian databases were explored for published papers on the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. in the general population of Iran from 2000 to 2015. All eligible data were collected using a pre-designed data extraction form, and the overall prevalence was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We used ArcMap for mapping the prevalence of the studied protozoa and clustering analysis. Results: Altogether, 118 eligible papers from 24 provinces of Iran were included and analyzed. The weighted prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. infection among Iranian general population were calculated 1.3% (95% CI 1.1-1.5%), 10.6% (95% CI 9.6-11.5%) and 2% (95% CI 1.5-2.5%), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated human intestinal protozoan infections caused by E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. have still public health importance in some parts of Iran.  

Protozoan Infections

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C Van Voorhis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Protozoans cause a number of important infectious diseases. This chapter discusses malaria, babesiosis, toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis; in addition, the chapter describes the intestinal protozoan infections caused by Giardia lamblia; Dientamoeba fragilis; Entamoeba histolytica; Blastocystis hominis; the coccidial organisms Cystoisospora belli, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora cayetanensis; Balantidium coli; and microsporidia. Figures illustrate the taxonomy of pathogenic protozoans; the life cycle of malaria; identification of species of malaria based on forms seen on blood smears; Babesia parasites in erythrocytes; the life cycle, tachyzoites, and tissue cysts ofToxoplasma gondii; G. lamblia trophozoites and cysts; a D. fragilis trophozoite; E. histolytica cyst and trophozoite forms; Entamoeba coli; clinical involvement in amebiasis; B. hominis; cysts of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Cystoisospora; Acanthamoeba polyphaga cyst and histopathologic features; histopathology of Naeglaria meningoencephalitis;Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis cutaneous infection; amastigotes of Old World leishmaniasis; the insect vector for Chagas disease; Romaña sign in acute Chagas disease;Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei. Tables list the differentiating features of Plasmodium species that cause malaria; dosages, principal side effects, and main limitations of antimalarial drugs; and forms of New World leishmaniasis. A sidebar provides Internet links on protozoan infection.  This review contains 22 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 121 references.

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