Serum neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus is markedly dependent on passage history of the virus and host system.

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 4572-4579 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Baldinotti ◽  
D Matteucci ◽  
P Mazzetti ◽  
C Giannelli ◽  
P Bandecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Host System ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats from Cyprus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Charalampos Attipa ◽  
Christos Yiapanis ◽  
Séverine Tasker ◽  
Anastasia Diakou
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoon parasite, and the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasitic diseases. Cats, as definitive hosts, spread the parasite via their faeces, but this occurs only for a very short period in their life. Seropositivity in cats, although not associated with current shedding of the parasite, is indicative of the infection in a cat population and can be used to assess the infection risk for definitive and intermediate hosts in that area. In order to assess the prevalence of infection in cats living in Cyprus, 155 cats, originating from all districts of the country, were examined for the presence of T. gondii antibodies. Additionally, parameters such as age, sex, health status, lifestyle and concomitant infections were statistically assessed as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity. Specific anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 50 (32.3%) cats, while the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies and a history of never having been vaccinated were statistically associated with T. gondii seropositivity on multivariate logistic regression analysis. This is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in cats in Cyprus and indicates that raised public awareness should be considered to prevent infection of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats from Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Attipa ◽  
Christos Yiapanis ◽  
Séverine Tasker ◽  
Anastasia Diakou
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoon parasite, and the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasitic diseases. Cats, as definitive hosts, are spreaders of the parasite via their faeces, but this occurs only for a very short period in their life. Seropositivity in cats, although not associated with current shedding of the parasite, is indicative of the infection in a cat population and can be used to assess the infection risk for definitive and intermediate hosts in that area. In order to assess the prevalence of infection in cats living in Cyprus, 155 cats, originating from all districts of the country, were examined for the presence of T. gondii antibodies. Additionally, parameters such as age, sex, health status, lifestyle and concomitant infections were statistically assessed as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity. Specific anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 50 (32.3%) cats, while the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies and a history of never having been vaccinated were statistically associated with T. gondii seropositivity on multivariate logistic regression model. This is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in cats in Cyprus and indicates that raised public awareness should be considered to prevent infection of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in Maputo city and province, Mozambique: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691987087
Author(s):  
Cesaltina CLM Tchamo ◽  
Mónica De Rugeriis ◽  
Emília V Noormahomed
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Veterinary Faculty

Objectives Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are immunosuppressive viruses in cats that increase their susceptibility to zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of one or both viruses, the risk factors associated with infection, and to develop further recommendations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Veterinary Faculty of Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, between March and December 2017, in 145 cats. From each of 145 cats, we took 1.5 ml of blood by jugular puncture for detection of antibodies to FIV and FeLV antigens in whole blood using a commercial test kit, DFV Test FeLV/FIV. Results We found an overall prevalence of 11.0% and 14.5% for FIV antibodies and FeLV antigens, respectively, with four (2.8%) cats coinfected by both pathogens. Male cats were more likely to be infected with FIV (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–4.0) compared with female cats. Clinically ill cats were more likely to have a positive result for FeLV antigen infection (OR 18.8, 95% CI 5.2–68.3). Moreover, cats living in suburban areas have a greater chance of a positive result for FeLV infection (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4–9.6) compared with cats living in urban areas. Conclusions and relevance FIV and FeLV occur in cats from Maputo and possibly all over the country. Further studies should be conducted in Mozambique and other African countries to define the burden of both pathogens in cats, coinfection with other zoonotic pathogens and the possible role played by the cats on the transmission of zoonotic and opportunistic diseases to humans.

scholarly journals Occupational Sharp Injury and Splash Exposure among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Mathew ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Ankit Sahu ◽  
Rachana Bhat ◽  
Akshaya Ramaswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody

Abstract Background Occupational hazards like sharp injury and splash exposure (SISE) are frequently encountered in health-care settings. The adoption of standard precautions by healthcare workers (HCWs) has led to significant reduction in the incidence of such injuries, still SISE continues to pose a serious threat to certain groups of HCWs. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study which examined the available records of all patients from January 2015 to August 2019 who self-reported to our emergency department with history of sharp injury and/or splash exposure. Details of the patients, mechanism of injury, the circumstances leading to the injury, status of the source (hepatitis B surface antigen, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus antibody status), and the postexposure prophylaxis given were recorded and analyzed. Data were represented in frequency and percentages. Results During the defined period, a total of 834 HCWs reported with SISE, out of which 44.6% were doctors. Majority of the patients have SISE while performing medical procedures on patients (49.5%), while 19.2% were exposed during segregation of waste. The frequency of needle stick injury during cannulation, sampling, and recapping of needle were higher in emergency department than in wards. More than 80% of HCWs received hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin postexposure. Conclusion There is need for periodical briefings on practices of sharp handling as well as re-emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment while performing procedures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chi ◽  
Kexin Fang ◽  
Liza Koster ◽  
Jevan Christie ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. The definitive hosts of T. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. Domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. It has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to T. gondii than those of FIV-negative cats. The main purposes of this study were to determine FIV prevalence and to investigate the oocysts shedding in FIV-positive and FIV-negative feral cats on St. Kitts. Fecal samples were collected from feral cats while their FIV statues were determined using a commercial SNAP kit. Total fecal DNA of each cat was tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consistently detecting one genome equivalent. A FIV-positive status was detected in 18 of 105 (17.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9%−24.3%) feral cats sampled. Furthermore, males were three times more likely to be FIV positive than females (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI: 1.20–12.89). Adults were found to have at least twice the prevalence of FIV compared to cats younger than one year of age (p = 0.056) with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94–10.00). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was not detected in the feces of any of the 18 FIV-positive (95% CI: 0%−0.18%) and 87 FIV-negative cats (95% CI: 0%−0.04%). A follow-up study with a much bigger sample size is needed to prove or disprove the hypothesis that FIV-positive cats have a higher prevalence of shedding T. gondii oocysts than FIV-negative cats.

scholarly journals Feline immunodeficiency virus: A brief review

1992 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bennett ◽  
N.R. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Design and synthesis of membrane fusion inhibitors against the feline immunodeficiency virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4916-4920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Oishi ◽  
Yasuyo Kodera ◽  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirotaka Kamitani ◽  
Tsuyoshi Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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