Lineage Divergence and Vector-Specific Adaptation Have Driven Chikungunya Virus onto Multiple Adaptive Landscapes

Since its introduction into the Caribbean in October 2013, CHIKV has rapidly spread to almost the entire neotropical region. However, its potential to further spread globally, including into more temperate climates, depends in part on its ability to be transmitted efficiently by Aedes albopictus , which can survive colder winters than A. aegypti .

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Chikungunya: epidemiology

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.7171.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 82 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Lyle R. Petersen ◽

Ann M. Powers

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Temperate Climates

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.

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Unusual Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection With Concomintant Erysipelas in a Returning Traveler From the Caribbean: A Case Report

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofu097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcos C. Schechter ◽

Kimberly A. Workowski ◽

Jessica K. Fairley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Case Report ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Unusual Presentation ◽

Chikungunya Fever ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Local Transmission

Abstract Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted by primarily Aedes aegytpi and Aedes albopictus mosquitos [1]. Once of little importance in the Americas, local transmission was identified in the Caribbean in late 2013. More than 1000 travelers returning to the continental United States have been diagnosed with CHIKV. More importantly, there have been 9 documented cases of autochthonous disease in Florida as of September 16, 2014 [2].

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Cases of chikungunya virus infection in travellers returning to Spain from Haiti or Dominican Republic, April-June 2014

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.28.20853 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (28) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A Requena-Méndez ◽

C García ◽

E Aldasoro ◽

J A Vicente ◽

M J Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Central America ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Southern Europe ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Autochthonous Transmission

Ten cases of chikungunya were diagnosed in Spanish travellers returning from Haiti (n=2), the Dominican Republic (n=7) or from both countries (n=1) between April and June 2014. These cases remind clinicians to consider chikungunya in European travellers presenting with febrile illness and arthralgia, who are returning from the Caribbean region and Central America, particularly from Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The presence of Aedes albopictus together with viraemic patients could potentially lead to autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus in southern Europe.

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Comparison of the susceptibility to chikungunya virus on 2 strains of Aedes albopictus

Medical Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.7601/mez.35.361 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 361-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiroshi YAMANISHI ◽

Eiji KONISHI ◽

Takeo MATSUMURA

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Chikungunya Virus

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Sustainable cruise ship employment for the Caribbean region – a conceptual perspective

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes ◽

10.1108/whatt-11-2016-0060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 60-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheree-Ann Adams

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Primary Data ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

Cruise Ships ◽

Training Standards ◽

The Usa ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Cruise Lines

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and approaches needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of cruise companies as a source of employment for Caribbean nationals. Design/methodology/approach The format is one of a concept paper and not a review of primary data collected, but based on the authors observations, industry knowledge and review of secondary literature available in the public domain. Findings Some recommendations are made as to the facilitation of this concept in sustainable cruise employment for the Caribbean region that will provide not only economic sustainability but also social benefits to the Caribbean region at large through poverty reduction through employment and global travel exposure. Practical implications The paper puts forth a proposal for a centralized organization representative of the multiple stakeholders within the Caribbean Cruise community: to manage and facilitate a fund to assist Caribbean nationals desirous of working on cruise ships and to meet the necessary standards of training not only in hospitality qualifications but also in basic training standards of safety, security and watch keeping for seafarers. Social implications The employment opportunities for Caribbean persons on cruise ships have not been fully exploited with the majority of Caribbean nationals working on cruise ships found predominately within the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Lines and Carnival Corporation brands based in the USA. Originality/value This paper provides readers with insight into the existing Caribbean employment and shipboard employment scenarios, with the view of presenting an option for stimulating and supporting sustainable employment on cruise ships for Caribbean nationals.

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Hygrothermal analysis of historic buildings

Structural Survey ◽

10.1108/ss-07-2015-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 12-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hugo Entradas Silva ◽

Fernando M.A. Henriques

Keyword(s):

Historic Buildings ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Content Type ◽

Preventive Conservation ◽

Climate Targets ◽

One Year ◽

Hygrothermal Analysis ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Temperate Climates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify the applicability and efficiency of two statistical methods to obtain sustainable targets of temperature and relative humidity in historic buildings located in temperate climates. Design/methodology/approach – The data recorded along one year in a non-heated historic building in Lisbon (Portugal) was analysed with the two methodologies, EN 15757 and FCT-UNL. To evaluate their adequacy it was calculated the performance index for each target and it was verified the mechanical and biological degradation risks. Findings – While the use of the two approaches is suitable for temperate climates, there is a higher efficiency of the FCT-UNL methodology, allowing a better response for the three parameters in evaluation. Research limitations/implications – Despite the better results obtained, the FCT-UNL methodology was only tested for one city; therefore the application to other situations may be required to obtain more robust conclusions. Practical implications – The effectiveness of the FCT-UNL methodology to obtain sustainable climate targets can lead to important energy conservation in historic buildings and to contribute for the change of old approaches in the preventive conservation area. Originality/value – This paper provides a comparison between two recent methods. The results can lead to some advances in the science of preventive conservation, interesting to conservators and building physic scientists.

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Opportunities for academic smart libraries in the Caribbean

Library Hi Tech News ◽

10.1108/lhtn-06-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Adrian St. Patrick Duncan

Keyword(s):

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Academic Libraries ◽

Information Access ◽

The Body ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Future Research ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Content Type ◽

Services Delivery ◽

The Caribbean

Purpose The purpose of this paper hinged on the concept of smart libraries and their development for the furtherance of information access, dissemination and information resources and services delivery in Caribbean libraries. Design/methodology/approach To conduct this research, the literature of smart libraries and technologically driven and their application in libraries were reviewed by examining existing literature on information and communication technologies and technology in libraries. Findings The literature highlighted that this technological advancement is not yet fully on stream in academic libraries of the Caribbean owing to the lack of financial, technological and organizational resources. It further outlined that certain aspects of library automation are fostered through the inclusion of technology. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that only academic libraries of the Caribbean region were assessed. Other regions should be explored in future research. Originality/value The concept of smart libraries is an emerging issue with limited scope for scrutiny; a systematic and extensive review of recent research on smart in libraries is unavailable. This paper presents an overview of smart libraries or technologically driven libraries, its findings for potential research opportunities and development for academic libraries. In addition, it will build on the body of knowledge that is presently non-existent on smart libraries in the Caribbean.

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Florida voters react to Biden's Caribbean policy

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db264081 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Disaster Relief ◽

Electoral Politics ◽

The State ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Economic Recovery ◽

Short Term ◽

Content Type ◽

Family Connections ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Government

Significance Many areas of the Caribbean have trade, investment and family connections with communities in Florida. As the state now plays a pivotal role in US electoral politics, crises in the region can take on added political importance for parts of Florida’s electorate. Impacts Forecasts of short-term economic recovery for Florida remain highly uncertain given the continuing impact of the pandemic. Clashing interests across the Caribbean may demand greater coordination of US policy than the government can currently offer. Healthcare and disaster relief capabilities within the state are severely overstretched and could be overwhelmed by a new crisis.

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The United Fruit Company's tourist business and the creation of the “Golden Caribbean”, 1899-1940

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing ◽

10.1108/jhrm-01-2015-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 238-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James W. Martin

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Vertical Integration ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Original Research ◽

United Fruit Company ◽

Content Type ◽

Us Hegemony ◽

The Caribbean

Purpose This paper aims to examine the tourist business and marketing strategies of a US agribusiness giant, the United Fruit Company (UFCO), between its incorporation in 1899 and 1940. It considers how tourist marketing served the company’s public-relations interest and tourism’s broader connection to narratives of US ascendancy in the Caribbean Basin. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on original research in a series of published company materials, including annual reports and a wide variety of marketing materials, as well as a variety of rare primary sources documenting the experiences of US tourists on UFCO cruises. Findings From its incorporation in 1899, the UFCO developed a Caribbean cruise business as a vital part of its strategies of vertical integration and expansion around the region. Marketing tropical travel at a time when tropical disease dominated US perceptions of such places required a thorough conceptual makeover, and UFCO publicity played an important part in this process. The company advertised Caribbean destinations first for their therapeutic possibilities, but by the 1920s, a framework of anachronistic space and picturesque primitivism predominated in marketing campaigns. The structure of this narrative naturalized the company’s, and more broadly, US, hegemony in the region. While on cruises, tourists became witnesses to and participants in a series of spectacles and activities highlighting the company’s technological prowess and benevolence. Originality/value This analysis centers on a largely overlooked dimension of the famed banana company’s enterprise. It is grounded in a wide collection of primary sources largely untapped by researchers, a source base that brings tourist perception and experience into the story of this company’s marketing efforts. This research brings tourism and leisure into the historical discussion of US power in early-twentieth-century Latin America.

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