Tonsillar Microbiota: a Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis or Tonsillar Hypertrophy

ABSTRACT Chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) are common tonsillar diseases that are related to infection and inflammation. Little is known about tonsillar microbiota and its role in CT and TH. This study aims to identify palatine tonsillar microbiota both on the surface and in the core tissues of CT and TH patients. In total, 22 palatine tonsils were removed and collected from CT and TH patients who underwent surgery. The surface and core microbiota in the tonsils of CT and TH patients were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Differential tonsillar microbiotas were found in the CT versus TH patients and surface versus core tissues. Further, a higher relative abundance of bacterial genera, including Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Kingella, Moraxella, and Lachnospiraceae [G-2] in patients with TH and Dialister, Parvimonas, Bacteroidales [G-2], Aggregatibacter, and Atopobium in patients with CT, was observed. Of these, the differential genera of Dialister, Parvimonas, and Neisseria served as key factors in the tonsillar microbiota network. Notably, four representable tonsillar microbial types were identified, with one, consisting of a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, exclusively detected in the TH patients. This study analyzed the different tonsillar microbiota from the surface and core tissues of CT and TH patients. Several bacteria and various microbial types related to CT and TH were identified, along with potential bacterial networks and related immune pathways. IMPORTANCE The human microbiota has been shown to be functionally connected to infectious and inflammation-related diseases. So far, only limited studies had been performed on tonsillar microbiota, although tonsils play an essential role in the human immune defense system and encountered numerous microorganisms. Our work presented different tonsillar microbiota from surface and core tissues of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) patients. Notably, one tonsillar microbiota type, which contains a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, was only detected in the TH patients. Furthermore, certain bacteria, such as Haemophilus, Neisseria, Dialister, and Parvimonas, may serve as microbial biomarkers to discriminate CT patients from TH patients. These data provide important microbiota data in the tonsillar research area and are highly useful for researchers both in the oral microbiome field and clinical field.

Download Full-text

Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16412/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Esam Halboub ◽

Mohammed Alakhali ◽

Abdulwahhab H. Al-Amir ◽

Husham E. Homeida ◽

Divyashri Baraniya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Carcinogenesis ◽

Rothia Mucilaginosa ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This cross sectional study sought to assess the effect of using shammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from twenty-nine shammah users (SU; 27.34±6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7±7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R. Results A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus , Leptotrichia , Actinomyces , Veillonella , Haemophilus , Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P=0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa , Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri , Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU. Conclusion Shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes that may be relevant to oral carcinogenesis, namely enrichment of species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.

Download Full-text

Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users

10.21203/rs.2.24331/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Esam Halboub ◽

Mohammed Alakhali ◽

Abdulwahhab H. Al-Amir ◽

Husham E. Homeida ◽

Divyashri Baraniya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Carcinogenesis ◽

Rothia Mucilaginosa ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This cross sectional study sought to assess the effect of using hammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from twenty-nine shammah users (SU; 27.34±6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7±7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R.Results: A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus , Leptotrichia , Actinomyces , Veillonella , Haemophilus , Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P=0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa , Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri , Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU.Conclusion: Shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes that may be relevant to oral carcinogenesis, namely enrichment of species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.

Download Full-text

Changes in gut microbiota composition and their associations with cortisol, melatonin and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic insomnia

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2021.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

AA Masyutina ◽

LN Gumenyuk ◽

YuV Fatovenko ◽

LE Sorokina ◽

SS Bayramova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Chronic Insomnia ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional

The relationship between the gut microbiota and chronic insomnia remains understudied. The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and their associations with the levels of cortisol, melatonin and IL6 in patients with chronic insomnia. Our comparative prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with chronic insomnia, who formed the main group (female patients: 58.2%, male patients: 41.8%; mean age 31.6 ± 7.4 years), and 50 healthy volunteers, who comprised the control group (females: 68.0%, males: 32.0%; mean age 33.2 ± 6.6 years). The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma cortisol and IL 6 and urine melatonin were measured by means of ELISA. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In patients with chronic insomnia, the abundance of Faecalibacterium (p = 0.048), Prevotella 9 (p < 0.001) and Lachnospira (p = 0.036) was lower, whereas the abundance of Blautia (p = 0.012) and Eubacteriumhallii (p = 0.003) was higher than in healthy volunteers. Significant correlations were established between the levels of IL6 and the abundance of Faecalibacterium (r = –0.44; p = 0.001) and Blautia (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), as well as between cortisol concentrations and the abundance of Lachnospira (r = –0.41; p = 0.048). The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Blautiaс was correlated with higher PSQI (r = –0.47, p = 0.001; r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). Our study contributed to the pool of data about changes in the gut microbiota and their associations with some endocrine and inflammation markers in patients with chronic insomnia. These data can be exploited to propose new strategies for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia aimed at normalizing the patient’s gut microbiota.

Download Full-text

Detection of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus using mec a, ribotyping and antibiogram profile of Pakistani clinical isolates

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.06.3614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Adeela Fatima ◽

Imran Sajid ◽

Saba Riaz ◽

Muhammad Saeed

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Research Centre ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and molecular characterization of these strains. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Microbiology section of Citilab and Research Centre, Lahore. Period: March 2014 to June 2016. Materials and Methods: Bacterial isolates were retrieved from different specimens of pus/wound, blood and other body fluids. These were characterized using conventional (catalase, DNase, coagulase etc), phenotypic and molecular techniques (oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mec-A gene) methods of identification. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was also detected by applying standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of all the isolated strains, the frequency of MSSA (methicillin sensitive Staphylococcu saureus) was more than the MRSA and it was found that the male patients were more affected than the female patients. All of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin while most of them showed positive band of mec-A gene. All of the MRSA isolates showed resistant to penicillin followed by azithromycin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, while these strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin, followed by teicoplanin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid. Conclusion: In conclusion, proper diagnosis of MRSA required conventional, phenotypic molecular techniques in our hospital diagnostic settings. This will help in choosing the effective antibiotics combat the infection.

Download Full-text

Psoriasis is associated with elevated gut IL-1α and intestinal microbiome alterations: results of a cross-sectional study from Central Asia.

10.1101/2020.05.16.20103978 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergey Yegorov ◽

Dmitriy Babenko ◽

Samat Kozhakhmetov ◽

Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova ◽

Irina Kadyrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Disease Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dermatology Clinic ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Condition

Objective: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin and is associated with extracutaneous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. Changes in gut immunology and microbiota are important drivers of proinflammatory disorders and could play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therefore, we explored whether psoriasis in a Central Asian cohort is associated with alterations in select immunological markers and/or microbiota of the gut. Setting: We assessed correlates of psoriasis in a community from Kazakhstan. Participants: Outpatients, aged 30-45 years, of a dermatology clinic presenting with plaque, guttate or palmoplantar psoriasis (n=20), and age-sex matched subjects without psoriasis (n=20). Design: We undertook a cross-sectional study of stool samples. Stool supernatant was subjected to multiplex ELISA to assess the concentration of 47 cytokines and immunoglobulins and to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial diversity in both psoriasis+ participants and controls. Results: The psoriasis+ group tended to have higher concentrations of most analytes in stool (29/47=61.7%) and gut IL-1α was significantly elevated (4.19-fold, p=0.007) compared to controls. Psoriasis was associated with alterations in gut Firmicutes, including elevated Faecalibacterium and decreased Oscillibacter and Roseburia abundance, but no association was observed between gut microbial diversity or Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and disease status. Conclusions: Psoriasis may be associated with gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Studies are warranted to explore the use of gut microbiome-focused therapies in the management of psoriasis in this under-studied population.

Download Full-text

Characteristic gut microbiota and predicted metabolic functions in women with PCOS

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-19-0522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ling Zhou ◽

Zhexin Ni ◽

Wen Cheng ◽

Jin Yu ◽

Shuai Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

And Function

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease. Gut microbiota is closely related to many chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 30 obese (OG) and 30 non-obese (NG) women with PCOS, 30 healthy women (NC) and 11 healthy but obese women (OC) as controls to investigate the characteristic gut microbiota and its metabolic functions in obese and non-obese patients with PCOS. The blood and non-menstrual faecal samples of all the participants were collected and analysed. As a result, the Hirsutism score, LH/FSH and serum T level in NG and OG both increased significantly compared with their controls (P < 0.05). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota changed in patients with PCOS. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) indicated that Lactococcus was the characteristic gut microbiota in NG, while Coprococcus_2 in OG. Correlation heatmap analysis revealed that the sex hormones and insulin levels in human serum were closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota of NG and OG. Functional prediction analysis demonstrated that the citrate cycle pathway enriched both in NG and OG, and other 12 gut bacterial metabolic pathways enriched in NG. This study highlighted significant differences in the gut microbiota and predictive functions of obese and non-obese women with PCOS, thereby providing insights into the role and function of the gut microbiota that may contribute to the occurrence and development of PCOS in obese and non-obese women.

Download Full-text

Intensity of perceived stress and control of anger, anxiety and depression of people staying in Polish penitentiary institutions

International Journal of Prisoner Health ◽

10.1108/ijph-12-2020-0103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Kinga Kołodziej ◽

Anna Kurowska ◽

Anna Majda

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Prison Population ◽

Research Area ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Small Sample ◽

Emotional Control ◽

Coping With Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the intensity of perceived stress and measure the subjective control of anxiety, anger and depression in a group of women and men staying in Polish penitentiary institutions. Design/methodology/approach The research was carried out in two penitentiary institutions located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship at the turn of 2019/2020. The study group consisted of 152 prisoners. In the cross-sectional study, two standardised research tools – the Perceived Stress Scale and the Emotional Control Scale – were used. Findings Over half of the prisoners (57.24%) presented a high level of stress. The intensity of the perceived stress did not depend on the gender and age of the convicted persons. The general indicator of emotional control among the respondents averaged 51.82 points (standard deviation = 14.52) and ranged from 22 to 83 points, which means that people detained in penitentiary institutions suppressed their negative emotions at an average level. The prisoners had the best control over fear (M = 18.68), less over anger (M = 16.86) and the least over depression (M = 16.27). Statistical analysis showed a correlation between the level of emotional control and the intensity of perceived stress. Research limitations/implications The small sample size of the group participating in the study and narrowing of the research area means that results can not be generalised across all isolated prison population. Practical implications The results obtained from the study can be used by a multidisciplinary team to develop therapeutic programmes for convicted persons, the aim of which is to evaluate strategies for coping with stress and controlling emotions. Social implications Popularising reliable information related to the issue of experiencing stress and varied emotions in those staying in penitentiary institutions may lead to the elimination of harmful stereotypes functioning in society, as well as reduce the phenomenon of marginalisation of prisoners, and thus contribute to the success of the social rehabilitation process. Originality/value Research on the level of stress intensity in prisoners is important because the rates of mental health disorders among prisoners consistently exceed the rates of such disorders in the general population.

Download Full-text

Impact of Oropharyngeal Administration of Colostrum in Preterm Newborns’ Oral Microbiome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4224

Author(s):

Ramon V. Cortez ◽

Andrea Fernandes ◽

Luiz Gustavo Sparvoli ◽

Marina Padilha ◽

Rubens Feferbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Longitudinal Observational Study ◽

Key Factor ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Preterm Newborns

The initial colonization of the human microbiota is of paramount importance. In this context, the oropharyngeal administration of colostrum is a safe, viable, and well-tolerated practice even by the smallest preterm infants. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the establishment of preterm infants’ oral microbiota. A longitudinal observational study was carried out with 20 premature neonates, divided into two groups: one receiving the protocol (Oropharyngeal Administration of Colostrum; OAC) and the other one receiving Standard Caare (SC). Saliva samples were collected from the newborns weekly during the study period (from the day of birth until the 21st day of life) for analysis of oral microbiota through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that the colonization of the oral microbiota of preterm newborns preseanted a higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus on the 7th day of life, mainly in the OAC group. Additionally, an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides was observed in the OAC group at the first week of life. Regarding alpha and beta diversity, time was a key factor in the oral modulation of both groups, showing how dynamic this environment is in early life.

Download Full-text

Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aly Kodio ◽

Drissa Coulibaly ◽

Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné ◽

Salimata Konaté ◽

Safiatou Doumbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Blastocystis is the most common protozoan colonizing the gut of vertebrates. It modulates the human digestive microbiota in the absence of inflammation and gastrointestinal disease. Although it has been associated with human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, its pathogenicity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of Blastocystis on the gut bacterial communities in healthy children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 147 Blastocystis-colonized and 149 Blastocystis-noncolonized Malian children, with Blastocystis colonization assessed by real-time PCR and gut microbial communities characterized via 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiota diversity was higher in Blastocystis-colonized compared to Blastocystis-noncolonized children. The phyla Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota were higher in Blastocystis-colonized children, whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus were higher in Blastocystis-noncolonized children. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (family Ruminococcaceae) and Roseburia sp. (family Lachnospiraceae) abundance was higher in Blastocystis-colonized children. We conclude that Blastocystis colonization is significantly associated with a higher diversity of the gut bacterial communities in healthy children, while it is not associated with the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.

Download Full-text

Vaginal microbiota composition and association with prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cross-sectional study of young women attending a STI clinic in France

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2017-053346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 616-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeanne Tamarelle ◽

Bertille de Barbeyrac ◽

Isabelle Le Hen ◽

Anne Thiébaut ◽

Cécile Bébéar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Young Women ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaginal Microbiota ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesNew molecular techniques have allowed describing groups of bacterial communities in the vagina (community state types (CST)) that could play an important role in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Our aim was to describe the distribution of CST in a population of young women in France.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2015 among anonymous young women attending a STI clinic in Bordeaux, France. Participants provided a vaginal sample for CT screening and sociodemographic data. CT was diagnosed using the Aptima-combo 2 transcription-mediated-amplification assay. Vaginal microbiota composition was characterised using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsMicrobiota composition and CT status were available for 132 women. CST dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (CST-I), L. iners (CST-III) and a diversity of anaerobes (CST-IV) represented 37.1%, 38.6% and 22.0% of the sample, respectively. Twenty-one out of 132 women were CT positive. Proportions of CT-positive women were higher for samples belonging to CST-III (21.6%) and CST-IV (17.2%) than to CST-I (8.2%).ConclusionsFive CST were found in 132 young women from a STI clinic in France. These CSTs were not significantly associated with CT but higher proportions of CT-positive women were found in CST-III and CST-IV, consistent with a previous study in the Netherlands. Though our study lacked statistical power and was cross-sectional, it is a necessary first step to understand the structure of the vaginal microbiota in French women with or without infection before performing in-depth longitudinal studies.

Download Full-text