scholarly journals Constraining the timing of Arabia-Eurasia collision in the Zagros orogen by sandstone provenance (Neyriz, Iran)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa GholamiZadeh ◽  
Xiumian Hu ◽  
Eduardo Garzanti ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Adabi
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Sandstone Provenance ◽  
Zagros Orogen

The Zagros orogen, formed by the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian continental margins, represents one of the largest and richest oil and gas provinces in the world. The Zagros fold-thrust belt records collision and convergence along the Neotethys suture zone. By coupling field observations, sandstone modal analysis, U-Pb zircon dating, and Hf isotopic data from the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sedimentary succession of the Neyriz region, this paper documents several major provenance changes that allow us to propose a refined scenario for the Zagros orogeny. An ophiolitic complex dated by detrital-zircon U-Pb geochronology as ca. 95 Ma provided detritus to Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene strata deposited along the northeastern margin of the Arabian lower plate (ophiolite provenance). Yet, on the southwestern margin of the Eurasian upper plate, upper Paleocene-lower Eocene strata indicate provenance from Mesozoic magmatic rocks yielding zircons dated as ca. 240 Ma and 170 Ma as well as the recycling of clastic rocks. Since the early Miocene, the sedimentary basin located on the Arabian plate received both ophiolitic detritus and magmatic-arc, recycled clastic, and axial-belt metamorphic detritus from Eurasia. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons reflect polyphase magmatism at 170 Ma, 95 Ma, and 40 Ma on the Eurasian active margin. Our results indicate that progressive accretion, uplift, and exhumation of the Zagros orogen was well under way by the beginning of the Miocene in the Neyriz region. Literature data from adjacent regions suggest that the Arabia/Eurasia collision may have occurred diachronously and later in the Kermanshah and Lurestan areas to the north.

New insights into the Hercynian Orogeny, and their implications for the Paleozoic Hydrocarbon System in the Arabian Plate

GeoArabia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faqira ◽  
Martin Rademakers ◽  
AbdulKader M. Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Arabian Shield ◽  
Tectonic Event ◽  
Angular Unconformity ◽  
The North ◽  
Hercynian Orogeny

ABSTRACT During the past decade, considerable improvements in the seismic imaging of the deeper Paleozoic section, along with data from new well penetrations, have significantly improved our understanding of the mid-Carboniferous deformational event. Because it occurred at the same time as the Hercynian Orogeny in Europe, North Africa and North America it has been commonly referred to by the same name in the Middle East. This was the main tectonic event during the late Paleozoic, which initiated or reactivated many of the N-trending block uplifts that underlie the major hydrocarbon accumulations in eastern Arabia. The nature of the Hercynian deformation away from these structural features was poorly understood due to inadequate seismic imaging and insufficient well control, along with the tectonic overprint of subsequent deformation events. Three Hercynian NE-trending arches are recognized in the Arabian Plate (1) the Levant Arch, which extended from Egypt to Turkey along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, (2) the Al-Batin Arch, which extended from the Arabian Shield through Kuwait to Iran, and (3) the Oman-Hadhramaut Arch, which extended along the southeast coast of Oman and Yemen. These arches were initiated during the mid-Carboniferous Hercynian Orogeny, and persisted until they were covered unconformably by the Khuff Formation during the Late Permian. Two Hercynian basins separate these arches: the Nafud-Ma’aniya Basin in the north and Faydah-Jafurah Basin in the south. The pre-Hercynian Paleozoic section was extensively eroded over the arches, resulting in a major angular unconformity, but generally preserved within the basins. Our interpretation suggests that most of the Arabian Shield, except the western highlands along the Red Sea, is the exhumed part of the Al-Batin Arch. The Hercynian structural fabric of regional arches and basins continue in northern Africa, and in general appear to be oriented orthogonal to the old margin of the Gondwana continent. The Hercynian structure of arches and basins was partly obliterated by subsequent Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic events. In eastern Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Kuwait, regional extension during the Triassic formed N-trending horsts and graben that cut across the NE-trending Hercynian mega-structures, which locally inverted them. Subsequent reactivation during the Cretaceous and Neogene resulted in additional growth of the N-trending structures. The Hercynian Arches had major impact on the Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulations. The Silurian source rocks are generally preserved in the basins and eroded over the arches, which generally confined Silurian-sourced hydrocarbons either within the basins or along their flanks. Furthermore, the relict Hercynian paleo-topography generally confined the post-Hercynian continental clastics of the Unayzah Formation and equivalents to the Hercynian basins. These clastics contain the main Paleozoic oil and gas reservoirs, particularly along the basin margins where they overlie the sub-crop of the Silurian section with angular unconformity, thus juxtaposing reservoir and source rock.

scholarly journals Material composition of Lower Triassic sandstones from the northern areas of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
N. N. Timonina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Recently various authors paid much attention to accessory minerals of clastic rocks to clarify the composition of the source area and formation conditions of terrigenous deposits. The paper describes some minerals of the heavy fraction of Triassic sandstones in the north of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province (garnet, epidote, chromium spinels, ilmenite, etc.). We showed that the enrichment of sandstones with various mineral grains was controlled by not only the composition of the eroded rocks, but also by the hydrodynamics of the flow, as well as the method of transfer of clastic material. We noted that the features of heavy fraction minerals could be used to reconstruct sedimentation environments, taking into account their physical and chemical properties, distribution of minerals by fractions, and their stability during transportation.

scholarly journals Chalk depth structure maps, Central to Eastern North Sea, Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole V. Vejbæk ◽  
Torben Bidstrup ◽  
Peter Britze ◽  
Mikael Erlström ◽  
Erik S. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Stratigraphic Interval

The Upper Cretaceous – Danian chalk may be considered to be the economically most important rock type in Denmark. Onshore it constitutes an important groundwater aquifer and it is also quarried for e.g. building materials and paper production. Offshore the chalk reservoirs contain more than 80% of the oil and gas produced in Denmark (Fig. 1). During the last few years efforts have therefore been made to map this important succession in the Danish and adjoining areas (Vejbæk et al. 2003). The stratigraphic interval mapped comprises the Chalk Group of Cenomanian to Danian ages and its stratigraphically equivalent units (Fig. 2). The north-eastern limit of the Chalk Group is determined by Neogene erosion. The limits of the map to the west and south were mainly determined by the amount of available data.

scholarly journals The North Greenland fold belt in eastern Nansen Land

1985 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
J.D Friderichsen ◽  
H.-J Bengaard
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Major Strike ◽  
East West ◽  
Strike Slip Movement

Field work in 1984 shows that Nansen Land consists of clastic rocks of the carbonaceous Paradisfjeld Group and terrigeneous rocks of the Polkorridoren Group; both are lower Cambrian in age and deposited in a slope and fan environment. Two major Ellesmerian (Devonian to Carboniferous) phases of deformation gave rise to east-west trending folds and schistosities. Three phases of Eurekan (upper Cretaceous to Tertiary) deformation, associated with dyke intrusion, are recognised. The second of these may be related to transpression on the Harder Fjord fault zone, though no major strike-slip movement seems to have taken place.

scholarly journals Geology and prospects of oil and gas bearing of east — Canadian continental margins

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-669
Author(s):  
A. Zabanbark ◽  
L. I. Lobkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
The North ◽  
Gas Bearing

At the limit of the East-Canadian continental margin there are three oil and gas regions from north to south: Labrador Sea shelves, margins of the Great Newfoundland Bank and the continental margin of Nova Scotia. In each of these distinguishing regions are a number of sedimentary basins completely plunging under the water. At the shelf of Labrador Sea distinguishing the following large sedimentary basins: Saglek, Hopdale and Havke, at the margin of Newfoundland Bank it is known the basins: Jeanne d’Arc, Flemish Pass and Orphan. At the Nova Scotia shelf there are Nova Scotian and Sable basins. It is remarkable at the lofty latitude like of Labrador Sea region the age of the productive sediments beginning from more ancient rocks (Paleozoic), than in basins situated in law latitude (Mesozoic). In consequence of this the stratigraphy diapason of oil and gas bearing of the north latitude is considerably wide. The prospect of oil and gas bearing in all region is related principally with continental slopes and turbidites sediments in its. Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous reservoirs would be the aim for deep drilling sediments. Wide distribution of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary prospects reservoirs of oil and gas is quite really so far as they are bedded in the shallow horizons. Also the prospect of oil and gas bearing at the margin of the basin is related to late Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, to deposits of fan and diapirs salt.

scholarly journals Detrital Zircon Provenance Analysis in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt of Central and Southeastern Mongolia—A Palaeotectonic Model for the Mongolian Collage

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Wilfried Winkler ◽  
Denise Bussien ◽  
Munktsengel Baatar ◽  
Chimedtseren Anaad ◽  
Albrecht von Quadt
Keyword(s):  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sandstone Provenance

Our study is aimed at reconstructing the Palaeozoic–early Mesozoic plate tectonic development of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in central and southeast Mongolia (Gobi). We use sandstone provenance signatures including laser ablation U-Pb ages of detrital zircons, their epsilon hafnium isotope signatures, and detrital framework grain analyses. We adopt a well-established terran subdivision of central and southeastern Mongolia. However, according to their affinity and tectonic assemblage we group them into three larger units consisting of continental basement, rift-passive continental margin and arc elements, respectively. These are in today’s coordinates: (i) in the north the late Cambrian collage from which the later Mongol-Okhotsk and the Central Mongolia-Erguna mountain ranges resulted, (ii) in the south a heterogeneous block from which the South Mongolia-Xin’gan and Inner Mongolia-Xilin belts developed, and (iii) in between we still distinguish the intra-oceanic volcanic arc of the Gurvansayhan terrane. We present a model for paleotectonic development for the period from Cambrian to Jurassic, which also integrates findings from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in China and Russia. This mobilistic model implies an interplay of rift and drift processes, ocean formation, oceanic subduction, basin inversion, collision and suture formation in space and time. The final assemblage of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt occurred in Early Jurassic.

Regional Geological Study and Potential Prediction of the Rio Del Rey Basin (RDR), Offshore Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid O. Altayeb ◽  
Su Yushan ◽  
Wu Shixiang ◽  
Chen Zhankun
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Detachment Faults ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Thrust Zone ◽  
Seismic Facies Analysis ◽  
Well Correlation

ABSTRACT Located in the eastern end of Niger delta; the Rio Del Rey (RDR) basin has a unique, complex multi-staged geological features and different types of Structures. This study has aimed to better understand the different structural and stratigraphic setting of the fields within the RDR basin and the way they control the hydrocarbon occurrences. To do that, an integrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation was done targeting the toe thrust boundary, the upper Cretaceous unconformity and four key horizons of different depth levels in the Tertiary formations. Twelve regional profiles of contrastive orientations that cover the whole basin were interpreted to identify the regional structures; well correlation was done to identify the shallower tertiary settings while additional detailed grids of interpretation at the northeastern and southwestern corners and the seismic facies analysis of the whole RDR study area were used to classify the stratigraphic setting at the deeper regions. The results have revealed that the RDR basin is mainly controlled by thrusting, diapirism and detachment fault structures. The major toe thrust zone is found southern of Ngosso and trends in the northeast-southwestern direction. Gravitational tectonism becomes the primary deformation process shaping the structures as the sediments accumulation increases to the south and consequently, several shale ridges were formed. These ridges and their lateral movement from North to South along with the whole sediments increasing have caused a slope instability of the lower ductile Akata shale formation; what caused the forming of the detachment faults zone in the Northern and middle parts of the RDR basin. The Oongue Turbidites of Eocene were deposited in the northeastern part of the basin in deep water fans by the main sediments supply from the North and the East with various sand thicknesses due to the structural system. The hydrocarbon potential accumulations are found in the mid to upper Tertiary formations and the deeper Upper Cretaceous, but most of the oil and gas fields are located in shallower deltaic reservoirs associated with fault-bounded traps related to shale ridges and diapir structures. Considerable amounts of hydrocarbons were also found within the turbidites sands of Oongue (NE) and Isongo (SE).

scholarly journals Provenance of Paleocene–Eocene red beds from NE Iraq: constraints from framework petrography

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUATASAM MAHMOOD HASSAN ◽  
BRIAN G. JONES ◽  
SOLOMON BUCKMAN ◽  
ALI ISMAEL AL-JUBORY ◽  
FAHAD MUBARAK AL GAHTANI
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Red Beds ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Bed

AbstractThe red-bed deposits in northern Iraq are situated in an active foreland basin adjacent to the Zagros Orogenic Belt, bound to the north by the Iranian plate thrust over the edge of the Arabian plate. The red-bed successions are composed of alternating red and brown silty mudstones, purplish red calcareous siltstone, fine- to coarse-grained pebbly sandstone and conglomerate. The red beds in the current study can be divided into four parts showing a trend of upward coarsening with fine-grained deposits at the top. A detailed petrographic study was carried out on the sandstone units. The clastic rocks consist mainly of calcite cemented litharenite with rock fragments (volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary), quartz and minor feldspar. The petrographic components reflect the tectonic system in the source area, laterally ranging from a mixed orogenic and magmatic arc in Mawat–Chwarta area to recycled orogenic material rich in sedimentary rock fragments in the Qandel area. The Cretaceous–Palaeogene foreland basin of northern Iraq formed to the southwest of the Zagros Suture Zone and the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone of western Iran. During Palaeogene time deposition of the red beds was caused by renewed shortening in the thrust sheets overlying the Arabian margin with uplift of radiolarites (Qulqula Formation), resulting in an influx of radiolarian debris in addition to continuing ophiolitic detritus. Mixed sources, including metamorphic, volcanic and sedimentary terranes, were present during deposition of the upper part of the red beds.

scholarly journals U-Pb ZIRCON DATING OF MIDDLE EOCENE CLASTIC ROCKS FROM THE GERCUS MOLASSE, NE IRAQ: NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THEIR PROVENANCE, AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1C) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nabaz Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Accretionary Complex ◽  
Depositional Sequence ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North

The provenance of Middle Eocene clastic rock from the Gercus Molasse, NE Iraq was determined by detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology. The Gercus Molasse in the Iraqi segment of the north-eastern Zagros Thrust Zone provides an ideal example of foreland system evolution with respect to the transition from passive margin to the accretionary complex terrene-flexural foreland basins. The DZ U-Pb age spectra from the Gercus Molasse suggest that the foreland sediments either influx from multiple provenances or are the result of recycling from the accretionary complex terrane. During pre-accretion, however, the radiolarite basin (Qulqula Radiolarite, 221 Ma) located along Arabian passive margin likely acted as an intermediate sediment repository for most or all of the DZ. Representative DZ U-Pb measurements revealed that the Gercus clastic rocks fall into several separable age population ranges of 92-102 (Albian-Cenomanian), 221 (Upper Triassic), 395-511 (Cambrian), 570- 645 (Neoproterozoic), 1111 (Mesoproterozoic), and lesser numbers of Paleoproterozoic (1622-1991 Ma) ages. The source of Proterozoic detrital Zircons is enigmatic; the age peaks at 1.1, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.9 Ga (Proterozoic) does not correspond to any known outcrops of Precambrian rocks in Iraq, and it may be useful to continue to search for such basement. The detrital zircons with age populations at 0.63–0.86 Ga probably originated from the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The age peak at 0.55 Ga correlates with Cadomian Magmatism reported from north Gondwana. The age peaks at ~0.4 Ga is interpreted to represent Gondwana rifting and the opening of Paleotethys. The youngest ages populations at 93 Ma indicate that fraction of DZ were transported directly from the contemporaneously active magmatic arc (Zagros Ophiolite segments). The paleogeography and tectonic evolution of the Neogene Zagros foreland basin were reconstructed and divided into two tectonic stages. The early stage is defined by the Campanian accreted terranes (i.e. orogenic wedge) form loads sufficient to produce flexural basin with a deepest part is situated next to the tip of the loads. This flexural basin is filled by the flysch clastics of the Maastrichtian– Early Eocene (i.e. referred to by the Tanjero-Kolosh flysch sequence). The late stage is marked by a synchronized modification of the clastics fill of the basin and changes in dip directions to compensate for the reduction of the load by both erosion and extension and the basin, therefore, was sealed by a shallowing upwards depositional sequence ending with the terrestrial Gercus Formation.

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Triassic clastic deposits in the Napo basin, South China: evidence from petrography, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lei Xia ◽  
Quan-Ren Yan ◽  
Zhong-Jin Xiang ◽  
Hong-Bo Zheng ◽  
Quan-Lin Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Arc Setting

Abstract The provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower–Middle Triassic clastic sediments from the Napo basin, South China, have been examined here using detrital modes, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb ages. Field investigations indicate that these sediments consist of fan delta, slope and turbidity fan facies with dominantly southward palaeocurrent directions. Detrital modes and geochemical characteristics of the clastic rocks indicate that they were derived from mixed magmatic arc and Palaeozoic successions in a continental island arc setting, with no significant sediment recycling. The U–Pb age spectra of sandstone detrital zircons from different stratigraphic positions are similar, with one major group (300–230 Ma), two subordinate groups (400–320 Ma and 480–420 Ma, respectively) and two scattered groups (1200–800 Ma and 2000–1700 Ma, respectively). Thus, we consider that the north late Permian – Middle Triassic volcanic rocks and the uplifted Palaeozoic sedimentary/volcanic sequences constituted the predominant sources. The detritus derived from the late Permian Emeishan mafic rocks is subordinate and limited. The pre-Devonian zircons are likely sedimentary-recycled or magmatic-captured instead of directly derived from the early Palaeozoic orogen (e.g. Yunkai massif) and Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen because of the topographic barrier of a magmatic arc and carbonate platform. Considering the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the volcanic arc and ophiolite, we suggest that the Triassic Napo basin was a fore-arc basin within a continental island arc setting, which developed in response to the northward subduction of the Babu–Cao Bang branch ocean beneath the South China Block.

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