scholarly journals Glucocorticoids: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Alexey P. Bolshakov ◽  
Liya V. Tret’yakova ◽  
Alexey A. Kvichansky ◽  
Natalia V. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Mechanistic View

Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an important component of adaptive response of an organism to stressogenic stimuli, a typical stress response being accompanied by elevation of GC levels in blood. Anti-inflammatory effects of GCs are widely used in clinical practice, while pro-inflammatory effects of GCs are believed to underlie neurodegeneration. This is particularly critical for the hippocampus, brain region controlling both cognitive function and emotions/affective behavior, and selectively vulnerable to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The hippocampus is believed to be the main target of GCs since it has the highest density of GC receptors potentially underlying high sensitivity of hippocampal cells to severe stress. In this review, we analyzed the results of studies on pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of GCs in the hippocampus in different models of stress and stress-related pathologies. The available data form a sophisticated, though often quite phenomenological, picture of a modulatory role of GCs in hippocampal neuroinflammation. Understanding the dual nature of GC-mediated effects as well as causes and mechanisms of switching can provide us with effective approaches and tools to avert hippocampal neuroinflammatory events and as a result to prevent and treat brain diseases, both neurological and psychiatric. In the framework of a mechanistic view, we propose a new hypothesis describing how the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs may transform into the pro-inflammatory ones. According to it, long-term elevation of GC level or preliminary treatment with GC triggers accumulation of FKBP51 protein that suppresses activity of GC receptors and activates pro-inflammatory cascades, which, finally, leads to enhanced neuroinflammation.

Long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and gastroduodenal injury: The role of Helicobacter pylori

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Loeb ◽  
Nicholas J. Talley ◽  
David A. Ahlquist ◽  
Herschel A. Carpenter ◽  
Alan R. Zinsmeister
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals A Translational Perspective of Maternal Immune Activation by SARS-CoV-2 on the Potential Prenatal Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro ◽  
Juan Carlos Echeverría ◽  
Hugo Mendieta-Zerón ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Psychophysiological Data

The emergent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could produce a maternal immune activation (MIA) via the inflammatory response during gestation that may impair fetal neurodevelopment and lead to postnatal and adulthood mental illness and behavioral dysfunctions. However, so far, limited evidence exists regarding long-term physiological, immunological, and neurodevelopmental modifications produced by the SARS-CoV-2 in the human maternal-fetal binomial and, particularly, in the offspring. Relevant findings derived from epidemiological and preclinical models show that a MIA is indeed linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that a gestational infection triggered by SARS-CoV-2 increases the risks leading to neurodevelopmental disorders of the newborn, which can affect childhood and the long-term quality of life. In particular, disruption of either the maternal or the fetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) could cause or exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 in the maternal-fetal binomial. From a translational perspective, in this paper, we discuss the possible manifestation of a MIA by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders considering the role of the fetal-maternal cytokine cross-talk and the CAP. Specifically, we highlight the urgent need of preclinical studies as well as multicenter and international databanks of maternal-fetal psychophysiological data obtained pre-, during, and post-infection by SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women and their offspring.

scholarly journals Development, characterization and clinical validation of new sensitive immunofluorometric assay for the measurement of serum thyroglobulin

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia C. D. Nakabashi ◽  
Rosa Paula M. Biscolla ◽  
Teresa S. Kasamatsu ◽  
Teresinha T. Tachibana ◽  
Rafaela N. Barcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, data published stressed the role of highly-sensitive thyroglobulin (Tg) assays in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. The present study describes a new, highly-sensitive Tg assay, compares it with an available commercial assay, and validates it in the follow-up of DTC patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The immunofluorometric high-sensitivity Tg assay is based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies produced at our laboratories. It was validated in 100 samples of 87 patients with DTC submitted to total thyroidectomy, 87% of whom also received radioiodine. For correlation, all samples were also tested using a commercial Tg assay (Beckman Access) with functional sensitivity (FS) of 0.1 ng/mL. RESULTS: The new method showed FS of 0.3 ng/mL. The correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.74; p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity was 88.9%, and it was increased to 100% when combined with neck US. CONCLUSION: This new, high-sensitivity Tg assay presented a good correlation with Beckman Access assay and with the clinical outcome of the patients. The continuous availability of a validated assay is an additional advantage for long term follow-up of DTC patients. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):658-65

scholarly journals Effect of Early Initiation of Combination Therapy of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Drugs on Post COVID-19 Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Short Time

The persistence of lung parenchymal changes Post COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as a vital outcome observed on some patients recovering from SARS-CoV2 infection with limited evidence-based management so far. Here we present a 64-year-old male developed extensive interstitial lung changes post SARS-CoV2 infection and was successfully managed with oral prednisone, pirfenidone, and azithromycin maintenance regimen with significant improvement in his clinical and radiographic parameters noted within a relatively short time. The role of a combined therapeutic approach with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drugs might be provocative action in patients with COVID-19 related interstitial lung disease, especially those at risk for persistent long-term abnormalities and pulmonary fibrosis development.

Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Genes in Stroke Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 4220-4233
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Jiang ◽  
Penglin Yin ◽  
Xiaodan Bai ◽  
Liji Yang ◽  
Junping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Ischemic Brain Tissue ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain

The brain&#039;s response to ischemic injury is an acute and long-term inflammatory process. This process involves activation of resident cells (mainly microglia, hematogenous macrophages), production of proinflammatory mediators and infiltration of various proinflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes). These cells play an essential role in ischemic brain tissue by releasing either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators at different time points. However, the exact pathogenesis of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory genes in this process has not yet been elucidated. This review aims to investigate the inflammatory process of stroke, especially the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in the pathogenesis of stroke. We also summarize the current clinical trials of drugs that target the inflammatory mechanism for intervention.

Influence of Long-term Non-Aspirin NSAID use on Risk of Frailty in Men ≥60 years: The Physicians’ Health Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela R Orkaby ◽  
Rachel Ward ◽  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Akshay Shanbhag ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Propensity Score Adjustment

Abstract Background Inflammation is a central pathway leading to frailty but whether commonly used non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent frailty is unknown. Methods Prospective cohort study of male physicians ≥60 who participated in the Physicians’ Health Study. Annual questionnaires collected data on NSAID use, lifestyle and morbidity. Average annual NSAID use was categorized as 0 days/year, 1-12 days/year, 13-60 days/year, and &gt;60 days/year. Frailty was assessed using a validated 33-item frailty index. Propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to address confounding by indication and logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) of prevalent frailty according to non-aspirin NSAID use. Results 12,101 male physicians were included (mean age 70±7 years, mean follow-up 11 years). Reported NSAID use was 0 days/year for 2,234, 1-12 days/year for 5,812, 13-60 days/year for 2,833, and &gt;60 days/year for 1,222 participants. 2,413 participants (20%) were frail. Higher self-reported NSAID use was associated with greater alcohol use, smoking, arthritis, hypertension, and heart disease, while less NSAID use was associated with coumadin use and prior bleeding. After propensity score adjustment, all characteristics were balanced. ORs (95% CIs) of prevalent frailty were 0.90 (0.80-1.02), 1.02 (0.89-1.17), and 1.26 (1.07-1.49) for average NSAID use of 1-12 days/year, 13-60 days/year, and &gt;60 days/year, compared to 0 days/year (p-trend&lt;0.001). Conclusions Long term use of NSAIDs at high frequency is associated with increased risk of frailty among older men. Additional study is needed to understand the role of anti-inflammatory medication in older adults and its implication for overall health.

scholarly journals Clinical Trial andIn VitroStudy for the Role of Cartilage and Synovia in Acute Articular Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia R. Langenmair ◽  
Eva J. Kubosch ◽  
Gian M. Salzmann ◽  
Samuel Beck ◽  
Hagen Schmal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective. Osteoarthritis is a long-term complication of acute articular infections. However, the roles of cartilage and synovia in this process are not yet fully understood.Methods. Patients with acute joint infections were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial and the cytokine composition of effusions compared in patients with arthroplasty (n= 8) or with intact joints (n= 67). Cytokines and cell function were also analyzed using a humanin vitromodel of joint infection.Results. Synovial IL-1βlevels were significantly higher in patients with arthroplasty (p= 0.004). Higher IL-1βconcentrations were also found in thein vitromodel without chondrocytes (p< 0.05). The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were consistently expressedin vivoandin vitro, showing no association with the presence of cartilage or chondrocytes. In contrast, FasL levels increased steadilyin vitro, reaching higher levels without chondrocytes (p< 0.05). Likewise, the viability of synovial fibroblasts (SFB) during infection was higher in the presence of chondrocytes. The cartilage-metabolism markers aggrecan and bFGF were at higher concentrations in intact joints, but also synthesized by SFB.Conclusions. Our data suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of cartilage associated with the SFBs’ increased resistance to infections, which displayed the ability to effectively synthesize cartilage metabolites.The trial is registered with DRKS00003536, MISSinG.

scholarly journals The use of hyaluronic acid preparations for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the major joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
O Kalashnikov ◽  
O Sulyma ◽  
T Osadchuk ◽  
V Zayets ◽  
T Nizalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Of Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Effect ◽  
The Ideal

The authors of the article analyzed the experience of domestic and foreign experts in the effectiveness of the use of HA preparations in the treatment of osteoarthritis of major joints. Background  and  Objective. To analyze the literature sources in order to determine the effectiveness of the use of HA preparations in the treatment of osteoarthritis of major ligaments. Materials and methods. Articles in specialized scientific journals and collections, Internet resource.Results. The analysis of literature sources determined the important role of HA preparations in the supplying and functioning of the articular cartilage. Researchers are inclined to believe that the ideal HA preparation should be as close as possible to the physiological HA of the synovial fluid of the joint. The developed domestic drug Artro-Patch fully corresponds to these parameters. Conclusions. The use of modern injectable HA preparations is advisable at stages 1–3 of OA. Anti-inflammatory effect of HA preparations makes it possible to reduce the dose and time of administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, as a consequence, reduce the risk of developing many adverse side effects of NSAIDs. The high level of safety of HA preparations, the absence of serious side effects during their long-term use determine their widespread use in the clinical practice of modern orthopedists.

scholarly journals Association Between Long-Term Aspirin Use and Frailty in Men: The Physicians’ Health Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela R Orkaby ◽  
Laiji Yang ◽  
Alyssa B Dufour ◽  
Thomas G Travison ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Regular Aspirin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation may lead to frailty, however the potential for anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin to prevent frailty is unknown. We sought to examine the association between long-term aspirin use and prevalent frailty. Methods We included 12 101 men ≥60 years who participated in the Physicians’ Health Study I, a completed aspirin randomized controlled trial (1982–1989). Annual questionnaires collected self-reported data on daily aspirin use, lifestyle, and clinical variables. Average aspirin use was summed into 2 categories: ≤60 days/year and &gt;60 days/year. Frailty was assessed using a 33-item index 11 years after trial completion. A score of ≥0.21 was considered frail. Propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting was used for statistical control of confounding. Logistic regression models estimated odds of frailty as a function of categories of average aspirin use. Results Mean age was 70.5 years (range 60–101). Following an average of 11 ± 0.6 years of follow-up, aspirin use was reported as ≤60 days/year for 15%; 2413 participants (20%) were frail. Frequency of aspirin use was associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, but negatively associated with bleeding and Coumadin use. The odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for frailty was 0.85 (0.76–0.96) for average aspirin use &gt;60 days/year versus aspirin use ≤60 days/year. Results were similar using an alternate definition of frailty. Conclusions Long-term regular aspirin use is inversely associated with frailty among older men, even after consideration of multimorbidity and health behaviors. Work is needed to understand the role of medications with anti-inflammatory properties on aging.

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