Spectra of Photobiological Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Solar UVB Radiation (280–320 nm)

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NLC in increasing photostability of tomato extract in term of antioxidant activity. Photostability testing on antioxidant activity of samples were conducted by accelerating method using UVB radiation 32.400 joule for 21 hours radiation. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. NLC was made by High Shear Homogenization (HPH) method at 24000 rpm for 4 cycles, while conventional creame was made by low speed at 400 rpm. The product were characterized include: pH, viscosity, and particle size. There were had difference characters and physical stability. NLC had smaller size, more homogenous and more stable than conventional creame. It was known that stability of antioxidant activity of tomato extract in NLC system higher than in conventional creame. That was showed with k value, as constanta of rate scavenging activity decreasing in antioxidant power between time (Sigma 2-tail less than 0.005) of NLC and conventional creame were: 2.03x10-2 %/hour ±0.08 (3.94) and 4.71x 10-2 %/ hour ±0.23 (4.88) respectively.

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Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Young Ah Jang ◽

Bo Ae Kim

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Control Group ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Radiation Group ◽

Skin Wrinkles

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

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Cannabidiol effect on the proteomic profile of keratinocytes isolated from rat skin exposed to UVA and UVB radiation

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Sinemyiz Atalay ◽

Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽

Pedro Domingues ◽

Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Keyword(s):

Proteomic Profile ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Rat Skin

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Effects of Natural Antioxidants on Phospholipid and Ceramide Profiles of 3D-Cultured Skin Fibroblasts Exposed to UVA or UVB Radiation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10040578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 578

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽

Wojciech Łuczaj ◽

Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Phospholipid Metabolism ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Membrane Properties ◽

Dimensional System ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Liquid Chromatograph

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the primary factors responsible for disturbances in human skin cells phospholipid metabolism. Natural compounds that are commonly used to protect skin, due to their lipophilic or hydrophilic nature, show only a narrow range of cytoprotective activity, which prompts research on their combined application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of ascorbic acid and rutin on the phospholipid and ceramide profiles in UV-irradiated fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional system that approximates the culture conditions to the dermis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used for phospholipid and ceramide profiling. As a result of UVA and UVB cells irradiation, upregulation of phosphatidylcholines, ceramides, and downregulation of sphingomyelins were observed, while treatment with ascorbic acid and rutin of UVA/UVB-irradiated fibroblast promoted these changes to provide cells a stronger response to stress. Moreover, an upregulation of phosphatidylserines in cells exposed to UVB and treated with both antioxidants suggests the stimulation of UV-damaged cells apoptosis. Our findings provide new insight into action of rutin and ascorbic acid on regulation of phospholipid metabolism, which improves dermis fibroblast membrane properties.

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Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Minocycline-Induced Hyperpigmentation—The Study on Normal Human Melanocytes Exposed to UVA and UVB Radiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3755

Author(s):

Jakub Rok ◽

Zuzanna Rzepka ◽

Justyna Kowalska ◽

Klaudia Banach ◽

Artur Beberok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Melanin Synthesis ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽

Human Melanocytes ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Normal Human

Minocycline is a drug which induces skin hyperpigmentation. Its frequency reaches up to 50% of treated patients. The adverse effect diminishes the great therapeutic potential of minocycline, including antibacterial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions. It is supposed that an elevated melanin level and drug accumulation in melanin-containing cells are related to skin hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate molecular and biochemical mechanism of minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation in human normal melanocytes, as well as the contribution of UV radiation to this side effect. The experiments involved the evaluation of cyto- and phototoxic potential of the drug using cell imaging with light and confocal microscopes as well as biochemical and molecular analysis of melanogenesis. We showed that minocycline induced melanin synthesis in epidermal melanocytes. The action was intensified by UV irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Minocycline stimulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) gene. Higher levels of melanin and increased activity of tyrosinase were also observed in treated cells. Moreover, minocycline triggered the supranuclear accumulation of tyrosinase, similar to UV radiation. The decreased level of premelanosome protein PMEL17 observed in all minocycline-treated cultures suggests disorder of the formation, maturation or distribution of melanosomes. The study revealed that minocycline itself was able to enhance melanin synthesis. The action was intensified by irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Demonstrated results confirmed the potential role of melanin and UV radiation minocycline-induced skin hyperpigmentation.

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Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2001-9-1013 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (9-10) ◽

pp. 745-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Ken G Ryan ◽

Ewald E Swinny ◽

Chris Winefield ◽

Kenneth R Markham

Keyword(s):

Crucial Role ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽

Quercetin Glycosides ◽

Kaempferol Glycosides ◽

Low Levels ◽

High Level

AbstractWild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.

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Effect of Novel Marine Nutraceuticals on IL-1α-Mediated TNF-αRelease from UVB-Irradiated Human Melanocyte-Derived Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2011/728645 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Visalini Muthusamy ◽

Lynn D. Hodges ◽

Theodore A. Macrides ◽

Glen M. Boyle ◽

Terrence J. Piva

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Formation ◽

Mapk Signalling Pathway ◽

Species Formation ◽

Human Melanocyte ◽

Mapk Signalling ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Necrosis Factor

UV-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species formation are involved in the development of melanoma. Natural products like 5β-scymnol and CO2-supercritical fluid extract (CO2-SFE) of mussel oil contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may aid in reducing the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Therefore, their effect on the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), from UVB-irradiated human melanocytic cells was examined. Human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and MM96L melanoma cells were exposed to UVB radiation and IL-1α. Cell viability and TNF-αlevels were determined 24 hours after-irradiation while p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was observed at 15 min after-irradiation. Whenα-tocopherol, CO2-SFE mussel oil, and 5β-scymnol were added to the UVB-irradiated HEM cells treated with IL-1α, TNF-αlevels fell by 53%, 65%, and 76%, respectively, while no inhibition was evident in MM96L cells. This effect was not due to inhibition of the intracellular p38 MAPK signalling pathway. These compounds may be useful in preventing inflammation-induced damage to normal melanocytes.

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UVB radiation-induced cancer predisposition in Cockayne syndrome group A (Csa) mutant mice

DNA Repair ◽

10.1016/s1568-7864(01)00010-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 143-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Gijsbertus T.J van der Horst ◽

Lisiane Meira ◽

Theo G.M.F Gorgels ◽

Jan de Wit ◽

Susana Velasco-Miguel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cockayne Syndrome ◽

Cancer Predisposition ◽

Mutant Mice ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Radiation Induced Cancer ◽

Group A ◽

Radiation Induced

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UV radiation effects on the embryos of anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) off central Chile

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf14038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Vásquez ◽

A. Llanos-Rivera ◽

L. R. Castro ◽

C. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Water Column ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Hatching Success ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Central Chile ◽

Fish Embryos ◽

Engraulis Ringens

It has been proposed that current levels of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation could cause lethal or sublethal effects on fish embryos located in the upper layers of the water column. Observed levels of UVB off central Chile (36°S, 73°W) indicate that planktonic fish embryos could be exposed to harmful UVB radiation. From July 2011 to January 2012 embryos from anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) were used to test experimentally whether the UVB levels in central Chile produce lethal or sublethal effects in epipelagic fish embryos. Simultaneously, whether the embryos might be exposed to harmful UVB levels in the field was investigated. Our experimental results show that UVB may cause a decrease in hatching success, changes in buoyancy and embryonic malformations. These results, along with the observed vertical distribution of embryos and UVB radiation levels in the field during late spring suggest that lethal and sublethal effects may be occurring in the embryos of both species.

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