Responses of Different Test Objects to Experimental Soil Contamination with Crude Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
S. A. Buzmakov ◽  
D. N. Andreev ◽  
A. V. Nazarov ◽  
E. A. Dzyuba ◽  
I. E. Shestakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Soil ◽  
Test Objects

scholarly journals The Influence of Crude Oil on Mechanistic Detachment Rate Parameters

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Hasan ◽  
Abdul-Sahib Al-Madhhachi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Wilson Model

Iraqi soil contamination greatly influenced soil detachment. Previous researchers have not been able to predict the influence of crude oil soil contamination on either the mechanistic dimensional detachment parameter b0 or the threshold parameter b1 of the mechanistic detachment model (Wilson model). The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the influence of crude oil on deriving Wilson model parameters, b0 and b1, with two setups at different scales and different soil moisture contents and (2) to predict b0 and b1 in crude oil contaminated dry soils with varying levels of contamination. The “mini” JET apparatus was implemented under laboratory conditions for soil specimens packed at both a small (standard mold) and a large (in-situ soil box) scale. The results showed an inverse correlation between b0 and water content for clean soil. No correlation between b0 and soil moisture content was observed for contaminated soils. There was a huge reduction in the b0 value as the contamination time increased compared to the clean soil. This was related to the role crude oil plays in soil stabilization. Crude oil contamination significantly increased lead contamination level while slightly increasing the pH and total organic carbon. The influence of crude oil on mechanistic soil detachment can be predicted with a priori JET experiments on soils without crude oil based on crude oil parameters.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОВІДНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРОРОСТКІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ЗА СТРЕСОВОЇ ДІЇ НАФТИ

2012 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
Л. А. Колєснікова
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Leaf Model ◽  
Stimulation Of

Визначено морфологічні прояви токсичних та інгі-буючих властивостей компонентів сирої нафтипоперечних зрізів листкової пластинки (далі – ЛП)проростків пшениці. Вивчено динаміку формуван-ня провідної системи ЛП четвертого листка мо-дельної сільськогосподарської тест-культури наранніх фазах онтогенезу за наявності стресовогочинника. Встановлено, що при забрудненні ґрунтусирою нафтою в дозі 5 мл⁄кг спостерігаєтьсястимуляція розвитку елементів механічної ткани-ни ЛП, що проявляється в зростанні їх розмірів такількості. Помірне забруднення (10−20 мл⁄кг) ви-кликає асиметрію – тропізм розміщення судинно-волокнистих пучків (СВП) відносно центральноговеликого СВП, зменшення розміру великого СВП іводночас збільшення цього показника для середньо-го СВП, накопичення елементів механічної ткани-ни. Збільшення дози нафтового забруднення до50 мл⁄кг істотно впливає на розвиток провідної сис-теми ЛП і призводить до появи у пустотах елемен-тів ксилеми й флоеми середніх і великих СВП дріб-нодисперсних мас, що, ймовірно, утворені продукта-ми дисиміляції, деструкції та катаболізму. Defined morphological manifestations of toxic andinhibitory properties of the components of crude oil leafblade cross-section (hereinafter – LP) wheat seedlings The dynamics of formation of the conduction system LPfourth leaf model of agricultural test culture in the earlystages of ontogeny in the presence of stressors.Established that soil contamination crude oil at a dose of5 ml/kg observed stimulation of the elements ofmechanical tissue LP, which is manifested in the growthof their size and quantity. Moderate pollution (10–20ml/kg) causes an asymmetry – tropism placement SVP isrelatively large central SVP, reduce the size of big farmsupport while increasing that of the average SVP,accumulation of elements of mechanical tissue.Increasing doses of oil pollution to 50 ml/kg significantlyaffect the development of leading LP and leads to theappearance of emptiness and phloem elements xylemmedium and large SVP fine masses, which probablyformed products of dissimilation, degradation andcatabolism.

Tolerance of garden angelica to soil contamination with crude oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bashirova ◽  
A. S. Grogoriadi ◽  
N. A. Kireeva ◽  
N. S. Borisova ◽  
Yu. S. Zimin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil

scholarly journals Dandelion Taraxacum officinale L. As a Promising Tool for Bio-Diagnostics of the State of the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Nikolay Onistratenko ◽  
◽  
Xenia Roubanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Influence Zone ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Experimental Soil

The need to expand the list of organisms used in environmental biodiagnostics arises from the variety of pollutants and types of man-made effects on the biosphere. The choice of available test organism should be based on easily detectable and differentiable sensitivity to factors, high reproducibility of seed material, alignment of the genetic line used by the gene pool and phenotype. The paper presents the results of the soil contamination of urban agglomeration study by the bioindication and biotesting method using a dandelion as a bioindicator plant and a test organism. Within the study, the generation of dandelion was obtained and investigated for applicability in biotesting. During the first stage of the study, soil samples were taken in the influence zone of VOAO Khimprom and near the 2nd Prodol’naya avenue of Volgograd. Germination of dandelion seeds showed noticeable differences in growth rates both in comparison with control and in comparison, of prototypes with each other. At the end of the first stage, numerous apomictic seed offspring were obtained to excrete the aligned genetic lineage of test organisms. The expansion of the list of contaminated locations by counting the territories adjacent to the VMK Krasnyi Oktyabr’ showed the detected differentiated physiological reaction of test organisms grown in experimental soil samples. The results of the study confirm the postulate on soil contamination of urban locations with physiologically active pollutants and also characterize the used plant as a sensitive and easily reproducible test organism under artificial conditions. During the two-year experiment the possibility of selecting the genetic lineage Taraxacum officinale with predictable and monotonous properties was proved due to the tendency of this species to apomixis.

Petroporphyrins as chemical indicators of soil contamination by crude oil

Chemosphere ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Suzanne Lesage ◽  
Susan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chemical Indicators

scholarly journals A review of bioreremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils in Niger Delta area of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Precious Ehiomogue ◽  
Israel Ahuchaogu ◽  
Edwin Ahaneku
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Bioremediation technologies are an environmentally friendly approach for the treatment of polluted soils. This review take a look at the various remediation efforts by various scientist to ameliorate the effect of crude oil contamination on the environment. Contamination of the total environment (air, soil, water and biota) by crude oil has become a paramount interest in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. With the frequent reports of oil spillages in the Niger Delta area, there is need to seek for a cost effective method for remediation of crude oil impacted soils. Studies have revealed variable impacts of oil toxicity on the environment and exposed populations. Soil contamination is caused mainly by the leakage of underground storage tanks and pipes. The most common conventional method for the remediation of contaminated soils is excavation followed by landfilling or incineration and other technologies that have been widely practiced. Contaminated sites pose a threat to human life due to severe health problems caused by adverse health effects from exposure to soil contamination. Once it is being detected, assessment strategies, type of sampling, chemical analyses, evaluation of parameters and its effect must be done. Several technologies and parameters have been developed to treat petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil but the problem still exists.

scholarly journals Crude Oil Effect on the Clayey Soil Mechanical and Physical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. J. Al-Adhamii ◽  
Mohammed Y. Fattah ◽  
Maysam Th. Al-Hadidi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Soil defilement with "raw petroleum" is a standout amongst the most across the board and genuine ecological issues going up against both the industrialized and oil country like Iraq. Along these lines, the impact of "raw petroleum" on soil contamination is one of most critical subjects that review these days. The present examination expects to research "unrefined oil"effectson the mechanical and physical properties of clayey soils. The dirt examples were acquired from Al-Doura area in Baghdad city and arranged by the "Brought together Soil Grouping Framework (USCS)" as silty mud of low pliancy (CL). Research center tests were done on contaminated and unpolluted soil tests with same thickness. The dirtied tests are set up by blending the dirts with various percent of "raw petroleum", and these percent are5%, 10% and 15% by dry weight. The exploration results demonstrate a reduction in the quality of the dirt, explicit gravity, greatest dry thickness and ideal dampness content. Then again, the outcomes showed an expansion in Atterberg cutoff points and compressibility of the dirt. The outcomes demonstrated additionally an impressive increment in the estimation of combination parameters such ascoefficient of volume compressibility, pressure file and lessening in the coefficient of solidification and shear quality.  

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document