scholarly journals THU0507 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS AND AUTISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 492.2-492
Author(s):  
R. Beesley
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Error Bar ◽  
The Uk

Background:Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a heterogenous group of autoimmune disorders characterised by chronic joint inflammation, diagnosed in around 1 in 1,000 children and young people (CYP) under the age of 16. Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by differences in social communication and sensory perception, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Recent estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that 1.68% of CYP are diagnosed with ASC, with males being more likely to be diagnosed (sex ratio of 4:1) [1]. The causes of both JIA and ASC are complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. There appears to be some evidence that ASC may be associated with certain parental autoimmune conditions [2], although research into any association between JIA and ASC is sparse with the exception of a review of clinical database information [3].Objectives:In this parent-led study, the association between JIA and ASC was explored in order to determine if children with JIA, or children who do not themselves have JIA but have at least one first-degree relative with JIA (FDR), are more likely to be diagnosed with ASC.Methods:Parents of CYP with JIA were invited to complete an online survey, giving details of each member of their family including diagnosis status for JIA and ASC, and age of diagnoses. A total of 247 responses were collated, representing 558 CYP. Overall, 202 CYP were diagnosed with JIA from 197 families. The eldest child with JIA from each family was selected (total 197; 66 male and 131 female) and the rate of ASC was compared against the general population using Fisher’s exact tests.Results:Children with JIA themselves and FDR children were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ASC.GroupOdds Ratio (95% CI)p-valueJIA children overall6.107 (1.760, 21.190)0.0020**FDR children overall7.009 (2.033, 24.160)0.0006***Figure 1.Proportion of children diagnosed with ASC in the general population (CDC estimates), JIA group and FDR group. Error bar indicates 95% CI. Significance indicated compared to population.Conclusion:Individuals with JIA and family members of individuals with JIA are more likely to be diagnosed with ASC. The results remained unchanged in a sensitivity analysis in which JIA children who had another sibling with JIA were excluded in order to minimise the risk that these results were affected by selecting the eldest child with JIA.It is possible that we are underestimating the association between JIA and ASC in this study. The majority of children sampled were from the United Kingdom and Ireland; however, we chose to utilise the most recent CDC estimates for ASC prevalence, as the most recent estimates from the UK were from 2006 and longitudinal data suggests that ASC prevalence continues to increase, likely due to changes in diagnostic criteria and improved recognition of the condition. When using the UK prevalence estimates, JIA children and FDR children remain significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ASC than the general population as a whole.Future research should focus on confirming these findings in larger, population-based samples.References:[1]Christensen DL, Braun KV, Baio J, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2012.MMWR Surveill Summ(2018); 65 (No. SS-13):1–23.[2]Hughes, H. K., Mills Ko, E., Rose, D. & Ashwood, P. Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience(2018); 12[3]Haslam, K. P16 Is there an association between paediatric rheumatological disease and autism?Rheumatology2019; 58Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people living with patellofemoral pain in the UK: the Dep-Pf Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
James Wride ◽  
Katrina Bannigan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patella Dislocation ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background and aims Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee condition causing pain around or behind the kneecap which is exacerbated by certain activities. Traditionally it has been viewed as a self-limiting condition. Recent research proves this is not the case and the evidence for poor long-term outcomes is growing. Whilst the evidence base for PFP treatment and the understanding of its aetiology is improving, it remains a complex and difficult to treat condition. In many physical conditions, it has been shown that anxiety and depression negatively affect both their management and duration. It is unclear how prevalent anxiety and depression are in PFP. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people living with PFP in the UK. Methods In order to investigate this, a cross-sectional online survey was undertaken. Four hundred participants with self-reported symptoms of PFP were recruited through a tailored social media campaign, using modified snowball sampling. Eligibility criteria were (i) aged between 18 and 44, (ii) self-reported symptoms of PFP (using accepted criteria) (iii) resident in the UK. Exclusion criteria were previous history of patella dislocation or previous surgery to affected knee. The survey recorded demographic information, previous treatment for both PFP and anxiety and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale. Ethical approval was gained from a University of Plymouth Ethics Committee. Results Half (49.5%; n=198) of respondents were classified as experiencing anxiety and 20.8% (n=83) as experiencing depression. The levels of anxiety and depression identified in this study are higher than those found in the general population (5.9–7.8% and 3.3–7.8%, respectively). This mirrors results which have been reported in other studies into PFP in different settings and with other musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and contracted shoulder. Conclusions Anxiety and depression are more common in people living with PFP than in the general population. These findings support the need for greater research into the effects of psychological factors, such as anxiety and depression, in PFP. A key area of future research will be to determine whether these psychological factors affect treatment outcomes in people living with PFP. Implications This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people living with patellofemoral pain in the UK. This study shows that anxiety and depression are very common in people living with patellofemoral pain. The need for further work into the effects of psychological factors in patellofemoral pain is indicated.

scholarly journals Understanding psychiatrists' knowledge, attitudes and experiences in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum: online survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Crane ◽  
Ian Davidson ◽  
Rachel Prosser ◽  
Elizabeth Pellicano
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Diagnostic Management ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundPsychiatrists play a critical role in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum in the UK, yet little is known about their knowledge, attitudes and experiences in this regard.AimsTo understand psychiatrists' experiences of working with autistic individuals, their confidence in making diagnostic/management decisions and the factors that affect such decisions.MethodA total of 172 psychiatrists took part in an online self-report survey.ResultsMost psychiatrists reported receiving useful training on autism and were knowledgeable about the condition, particularly those with a personal connection to autism. Higher confidence in working with autistic patients was linked to greater levels of autism knowledge, experience and training. Several systemic and autism-specific factors were highlighted by psychiatrists, which were felt to challenge their ability to provide effective care and support for their patients on the autism spectrum.ConclusionsPsychiatrists' views corroborated previous research with the autism community, highlighting the need to co-design services that are accessible, respectful and person-centred.Declaration of interestI.D. is the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Autism Champion.

scholarly journals Current therapy for the upper limb after stroke: a cross-sectional survey of UK therapists

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e030262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Stockley ◽  
Rosemary Peel ◽  
Kathryn Jarvis ◽  
Louise Connell
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo survey the reported content, frequency and duration of upper limb treatment provided by occupational and physiotherapists for people after stroke in the UK.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was used. Description and analysis of the data were based on items from the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (Who, Where, What and How much).SettingThe online survey was distributed via professional and social networks to UK-based therapists.ParticipantsRespondents were occupational or physiotherapists currently working clinically in the UK with people after stroke. Over the 6 week data collection period, 156 respondents opened the survey, and 154 completed it. Respondents comprised 85 physiotherapists and 69 occupational therapists.ResultsRespondents reported treating the upper limb a median of three times a week (range: 1 to 7) for a mean of 29 min (SD: 18). Most (n=110) stated this was supplemented by rehabilitation assistants, family and/or carers providing additional therapy a median of three times a week (range 1 to 7). Functional training was the most commonly reported treatment for people with mild and moderate upper limb deficits (>40%). There was much less consistency in treatments reported for people with severe upper limb deficits with less than 20% (n=28) reporting the same treatments.ConclusionsThis study provides a contemporaneous description of reported therapy in the UK for people with upper limb deficits after stroke and a detailed template to inform standard therapy interventions in future research. Several evidence-based therapies were reported to be used by respondents (eg, constraint induced movement therapy), but others were not (eg, mental imagery). The findings also highlight that the current reported provision of upper limb therapy is markedly less than what is likely to be effective. This underlines an urgent need to configure and fund services to empower therapists to deliver greater amounts of evidence-based treatment for people with upper limb deficits after stroke.

scholarly journals Measurement Properties of the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised in Autistic Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3477-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Cassidy ◽  
Louise Bradley ◽  
Heather Cogger-Ward ◽  
Rebecca Shaw ◽  
Erica Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract We explored the appropriateness and measurement properties of a suicidality assessment tool (SBQ-R) developed for the general population, in autistic adults—a high risk group for suicide. 188 autistic adults and 183 general population adults completed the tool online, and a sub-sample (n = 15) were interviewed while completing the tool. Multi-group factorial invariance analysis of the online survey data found evidence for metric non-invariance of the SBQ-R, particularly for items three (communication of suicidal intent) and four (likelihood of suicide attempt in the future). Cognitive interviews revealed that autistic adults did not interpret these items as intended by the tool designers. Results suggest autistic adults interpret key questions regarding suicide risk differently to the general population. Future research must adapt tools to better capture suicidality in autistic adults.

scholarly journals Supporting Families with Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Toseeb ◽  
Kathryn Asbury ◽  
Aimee Code ◽  
Laura Fox ◽  
Emre Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Families With Children

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on how people go about their day to day life. The sudden change, along with necessary measures such as self-isolation and social distancing has been particularly challenging for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SENDs) and their families, given their reliance on many on carefully established routines and relationships as well as professional and informal support. Three hundred and thirty nine parents of children with SENDs (the majority with Autism Spectrum Conditions) completed an online survey during the first two months of the social distancing in the UK (23rd March 2020 - 22nd May 2020). Parents provided detailed accounts of their family’s needs both to support their child during lockdown and to transition back to school. Many of these support needs during lockdown were either unique to families of children with SENDs or represented a more profound challenge than in most neurotypical families. There were considerable differences in satisfaction with support during COVID-19 suggesting wide variation in support provided to families of children with SENDs. The findings also suggest that educators and policy makers should place the implementation of clear routines and targeted mental health support at the centre of any strategy designed to support children with SENDs in making the transition back to school. The study provides preliminary insights into parental perspectives on support during the COVID-19 pandemic for families with children with SENDs.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 INFECTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF DELHI NCR, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
UBADA AQEEL ◽  
MOHAMMAD DAUD ALI ◽  
ZEENAT IQBAL ◽  
MOHD. AAMIR MIRZA
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Objective: In the given study, we have carried out a survey among general population of Delhi NCR (India) for the knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and also attempted to reach to a few conclusions in the form of recommendations. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based online survey (using Google Forms) was conducted between April 2020 and May 2020 to investigative knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward COVID-19. Chi-square test was used for the computation of p-value. Results: There were total 823 respondents, with 43.01% females and 56.98% males. Around 73.74% respondents believe that it has become a social stigma. About 75.09% were of the opinion that sneezing etiquettes can help in curbing the infection. About 93.43% of study population follows the personal hygiene, 24.78% wished to get insurance coverage. Similarly, interesting data were collected over different aspects of COVID-19. Conclusions: The current pandemic is the first exposure at such a large scale to the existing population but with the progression of time, authorities and general population are collating knowledge about the same. It is to be fought at all the fronts such as medical, social, economic, and psychological. Hence, this type of survey becomes an important tool in decision making.

scholarly journals Access to and adequacy of psychological services for adult patients in UK hospices: a national, cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy McInnerney ◽  
Bridget Candy ◽  
Patrick Stone ◽  
Nicola Atkin ◽  
Joana Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National Level ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Providing psychological support to people living with terminal illness is a fundamental part of hospice care. Recent research on delivery of psychological services in hospices in the United Kingdom (UK) on a national level, including inequalities or variation in practice, is limited. A nationwide survey will highlight any differences in provision and in doing so help focus future research and inform best practice both within the UK, and internationally. The specific objectives of this survey are to (1) chart the types of psychological support available to adult patients in hospices in the UK in line with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence model; (2) explore how services are organised; and (3) gather service perspectives on adequacy of care, and facilitators and barriers to appropriate practice. Methods A cross-sectional online survey emailed to adult hospices in the UK in November–December 2019. One staff member involved in the delivery and/or organisation of psychological support was invited to participate per hospice. Of 193 invited hospices, 116 took part. Results Sixteen percent rated their hospice psychological service as wholly adequate. The majority reported that services can access specialist professionals, but many relied on external referrals. Barriers to best practice included funding and staff capacity; facilitators included clear referral structures, audit and appropriate needs and outcome assessments. Conclusions Access to psychological professionals has improved since the last survey 15 years ago, but the majority of responders felt their overall service was not wholly adequate. Basic emotional support is largely felt to be sufficient, but our results indicate a need for improvements in access to more specialist care. Partnerships with external mental health services may be key. Our findings highlight core facilitators and barriers to providing good psychological care at the end of life that should be considered by services both within the UK and on an international level.

scholarly journals Psychometric concerns with the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) as a measure of trait autism in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Taylor ◽  
Lucy A. Livingston ◽  
Rachel A. Clutterbuck ◽  
Punit Shah
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Diagnostic Screening

AbstractThe 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a self-report questionnaire used in clinical and research settings as a diagnostic screening tool for autism in adults. The AQ10 is also increasingly being used to quantify trait autism along a unitary dimension and correlated against performance on other psychological/medical tasks. However, its psychometric properties have yet to be examined when used in this way. By analysing AQ10 data from a large non-clinical sample of adults (n = 6,595), we found that the AQ10 does not have a unifactorial factor structure, and instead appears to have several factors. The AQ10 also had poor internal reliability. Taken together, whilst the AQ10 has important clinical utility in screening for diagnosable autism, it may not be a psychometrically robust measure when administered in non-clinical samples from the general population. Therefore, we caution against its use as a measure of trait autism in future research.

scholarly journals Not a stranger to the dark: discrimination against autistic students and employees

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Lorenz ◽  
Chelsea Rebecca Brüning ◽  
Mitzi Waltz ◽  
Marc Fabri
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Perceived Employability

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal barriers and their coherences between discrimination and self-perceived employability which students and employees on the autism spectrum often face and need to overcome. These include discrimination based on disability, when applying for a job or retaining employment. This research located barriers in three different categories: formality – problems that focus on organizational structures in the application process; social – communication and interaction problems; and job demand barriers – obstacles that epitomize work-related strains. Design/methodology/approach Barriers and discrimination can prevent individuals from accessing the labor market which can lead to severe consequences for an individual on the autism spectrum, such as poverty, social deprivation or lack of health promotion and equal treatment. Self-perceived employability can be regarded as an additional strength, as it describes the perception of an individual’s own skills and versatility to acquire and keep a job. In total, 53 German-speaking individuals on the autism spectrum participated in an online survey. Findings Results showed statistically significant coherences between both, formality and social barriers with discrimination. Formality barriers also indicated statistically significant coherences with self-perceived employability. A mediation model with discrimination as mediator between each category of barriers and self-perceived employability was examined. The non-significant results suggest that discrimination does not work as a superior construct but as a sole influence next to barriers and self-perceived employability. Originality/value Individuals on the autism spectrum epitomize a less common research approach. Moreover, diversity policies and practices in the workplace often do not focus on including individuals on the autism spectrum even though the employment rates for this specific group of potential highly qualified employees were reported to be consistently lower when compared to any other group of disabled people. Findings suggest possible starting points for future research, which are discussed alongside practical strategies to overcome barriers and change discriminatory attitudes toward skilled individuals on the autism spectrum.

Shared workplace experiences of lesbian and gay police officers in the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roddrick Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Workplace Experiences ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explores the contemporary workplace experiences of lesbian and gay officers who serve across the UK. Design/methodology/approach – Using an online survey, the research asked lesbian and gay officers to share their experiences in law enforcement environments. Acknowledging the changing climate in many law enforcement environments, this respondents here were asked to focus on both positive and negative experiences in the workplace. Findings – The responses of 243 police officers revealed that lesbian and gay officers face barriers to equal employment opportunities similar to those faced by women and other minorities in law enforcement, but lesbian officers appear to experience and witness lower levels of discrimination than gay male police officers. Attitudinal bias against lesbian and gay officers remains a significant problem in the force. Lesbian officers report feelings of tokenism at higher levels than gay male police officers. Research limitations/implications – Future research endeavors should analyze any differences between the experiences of different lesbians and gay men at different levels of visibility within law enforcement, including “out” and “closeted” officers. Research about when officers come out as lesbian or gay – during training, on the force, after they retire – would be insightful in understanding officers’ perceptions. Practical implications – The research suggests that police departments in the UK have made good strides in opening the law enforcement workforce, but continue to face on-going challenges in creating fair, diverse, and representative work environments for lesbian and gay officers. Specifically, agencies should review policies where supervisor have discretion over the employment-related actions. By not meetings the challenges of a more diverse workplace, agencies risk lower job satisfaction, and decreased police effectiveness, especially on community policing environments. Originality/value – This research joins a small, but growing body of research that offers specific barriers and opportunities – as perceived by the officers. As other agencies engage in efforts to recruit and retain diversity police forces, the results of this research can enhance policies and practices, with regards to lesbian and gay officers.

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