scholarly journals Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Werner Krutsch ◽  
Armin Spreco ◽  
Wart van Zoest ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
European Football

ObjectivesThe objective was to describe the typical duration of absence following the most common injury diagnoses in professional football.MethodsInjuries were registered by medical staff members of football clubs participating in the Union of European Football Association Elite Club Injury Study. Duration of absence due to an injury was defined by the number of days that passed between the date of the injury occurrence and the date when the medical team allowed the player to return to full participation. In total, 22 942 injuries registered during 494 team-seasons were included in the study.ResultsThe 31 most common injury diagnoses constituted a total of 78 % of all reported injuries. Most of these injuries were either mild (leading to a median absence of 7 days or less, 6440 cases = 42%) or moderate (median absence: 7–28 days, 56% = 8518 cases) while only few (2% = 311 cases) were severe (median absence of >28 days). The mean duration of absence from training and competition was significantly different (p < 0.05) between index injuries and re-injuries for six diagnoses (Achilles tendon pain, calf muscle injury, groin adductor pain, hamstring muscle injuries and quadriceps muscle injury) with longer absence following re-injuries for all six diagnosesConclusionsThe majority of all time loss due to injuries in professional football stems from injuries with an individual absence of up to 4 weeks. This article can provide guidelines for expected time away from training and competition for the most common injury types as well as for its realistic range.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL INDUSTRY: TRENDS ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
V. Reikin
Keyword(s):  
Annual Reports ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
European Football ◽  
Football Industry ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is the analysis of financial and economic aspects and assessment of current trends and prospects for the development of professional football industry as an independent academic field. In this article the following general scientific and applied methods were used: analysis and comparison — to determine the main trends in the development of top professional football clubs in the context of globalization; generalization — to establish the influence of institutional factors on the economic results of football clubs activity; expert assessments — to determine the market value of players in the global transfer market; abstract and logical methods — for theoretical generalization of the obtained results, forecasting the prospects for the development of European professional football and formulating conclusions of the study.  The article deals with the analysis of financial and economic results of  European football top clubs functioning in the pre-crisis period (before COVID-19). The author emphasizes the dualistic origins of modern professional football, which combines sports and commercial components. It is analyzed the impact of «Bosman case» and the rules of «financial fair play» on the professional football industry development in the context of globalization. The sources and structure of football top clubs income are also analyzed. The main focus is on European football, where current trends are most clearly manifested. The source of information was the annual reports of audit firms, specialized analytical laboratories and FIFA data. As a result of globalization processes, the author predicts the creation of full-fledged «SuperLeague» championship of top clubs with the greatest financial opportunities, as well as the appearence of polycentrism phenomenon in the world football industry. The forecast scenarios of  football industry perspectives, formulated by the author, to substantiate the financial and economic aspects of clubs and players transfer market functioning, can be used in practice to assess the potential and formulate strategies for professional football leagues and clubs.

scholarly journals Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Jeremiah C Healy ◽  
Markus Waldén ◽  
Justin C Lee ◽  
Bryan English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Mri Findings

scholarly journals New business strategies of football clubs

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Krisztina András ◽  
Zsolt Havran
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategies ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
New Business ◽  
European Football ◽  
Western European ◽  
New Strategies

The study investigates new strategies of football clubs in function of last few years’ trends in European football leagues. There were many changes in international professional football during the last 10-15 years that had significant effect on the success of certain clubs. We show empirical evidences about these effects based on data about revenues, transfer balance, financial and sport successes. We focus on Western European leagues and classify clubs based on their business and sport strategies.

International orientation of professional football beyond Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
A. Carolin Fleischmann ◽  
Martin Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Orientation ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
European Football ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Home Region

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how professional football clubs from the English Premier League, German Bundesliga and Spanish Primera División use digital media to expand their international reach in emerging football markets (EFM) outside of Europe. Based on the EPRG framework and Rugman’s home-region hypothesis, the aim is to broaden the perspective where “sports go global” for a further understanding of actors’ international orientation in the digital sphere. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on data from desk research and a qualitative survey, comprising information on international digital media activities of 58 European clubs. Cluster analysis is used to identify different international orientations with regard to digital media activities. Findings The data provide evidence that clubs differ strongly in their orientations towards EFM. While some global players that provide digital media content in several EFM languages and attract a large share of Facebook followers from EFM exist, other clubs focus on their home region. League-specific differences become apparent. Originality/value This study determines the international online orientations of European football clubs by combining two previously separated research streams in football management studies: internationalisation and digital media activities. Most clubs with a strong EFM fan base choose polycentric, multi-language digital media strategies, followed by geocentric, standardised approaches. By offering a novel angle on internationalisation in professional football, this study contributes towards optimising clubs’ international online strategies for EFM, which are markets that promise high growth rates.

scholarly journals Italian consensus statement (2020) on return to play after lower limb muscle injury in football (soccer)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000505
Author(s):  
Gian Nicola Bisciotti ◽  
Piero Volpi ◽  
Giampietro Alberti ◽  
Alessandro Aprato ◽  
Matteo Artina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Return to play (RTP) decisions in football are currently based on expert opinion. No consensus guideline has been published to demonstrate an evidence-based decision-making process in football (soccer). Our aim was to provide a framework for evidence-based decision-making in RTP following lower limb muscle injuries sustained in football. A 1-day consensus meeting was held in Milan, on 31 August 2018, involving 66 national and international experts from various academic backgrounds. A narrative review of the current evidence for RTP decision-making in football was provided to delegates. Assembled experts came to a consensus on the best practice for managing RTP following lower limb muscle injuries via the Delphi process. Consensus was reached on (1) the definitions of ‘return to training’ and ‘return to play’ in football. We agreed on ‘return to training’ and RTP in football, the appropriate use of clinical and imaging assessments, and laboratory and field tests for return to training following lower limb muscle injury, and identified objective criteria for RTP based on global positioning system technology. Level of evidence IV, grade of recommendation D.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and return to play following isolated syndesmotic injuries of the ankle: a prospective cohort study of 3677 male professional footballers in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Lubberts ◽  
Pieter D’Hooghe ◽  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Christopher W DiGiovanni ◽  
James Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Data ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Syndesmotic Injury ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Ankle Ligament ◽  
European Football ◽  
Injury Burden

AimTo determine the epidemiology of isolated syndesmotic injuries in professional football players.MethodsData from 15 consecutive seasons of European professional football between 2001 and 2016 contributed to the dataset of this study. Match play and training data from a total of 3677 players from 61 teams across 17 countries have been included. Team medical staff recorded player exposure and time loss injuries. Injury incidence was defined as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours. Injury burden was defined as number of days absence per 1000 player-hours. Seasonal trends for isolated syndesmotic injury incidence, isolated syndesmotic injury proportion of ankle ligament injuries and isolated syndesmotic injury burden were analysed via linear regression.ResultsThe isolated syndesmotic injury incidence was 0.05 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure (95% CI 0.04 to 0.06) or one injury per team every three seasons. The injury incidence during match play was 13 times higher compared with during training, 0.21 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.26) and 0.02 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.02), respectively. Out of the 1320 ankle ligament injuries registered during the 15 seasons, 94 (7%) were diagnosed as isolated syndesmotic injuries. An annual increase in injury incidence was observed (R2=0.495, b=0.003, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.004, P=0.003). However, no significant annual change of injury burden was observed (R2=0.033, b=0.032, 95% CI −0.073 to 0.138, P=0.520). Seventy-four per cent of the injuries were contact related, and the mean (±SD) absence following an isolated syndesmotic injury was 39 (±28) days.ConclusionsThe incidence of isolated syndesmotic injuries in elite professional European football annually increased between 2001 and 2016.

Muscle Flexibility as a Risk Factor for Developing Muscle Injuries in Male Professional Soccer Players

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Witvrouw ◽  
Lieven Danneels ◽  
Peter Asselman ◽  
Thomas D'Have ◽  
Dirk Cambier
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Musculoskeletal Lesion

Background Muscular tightness is frequently postulated as an intrinsic risk factor for the development of a muscle injury. However, very little prospective data exist to prove this. Hypothesis Increased muscle tightness identifies a soccer player at risk for a subsequent musculoskeletal lesion. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We examined 146 male professional soccer players before the 1999–2000 Belgian soccer competition. None of the players had a history of muscle injury in the lower extremities in the previous 2 years. The flexibility of the hamstring, quadriceps, adductor, and calf muscles of these players was measured goniometrically before the start of the season. All of the examined players were monitored throughout the season to register subsequent injuries. Results Players with a hamstring (N = 31) or quadriceps (N = 13) muscle injury were found to have significantly lower flexibility in these muscles before their injury compared with the uninjured group. No significant differences in muscle flexibility were found between players who sustained an adductor muscle injury (N = 13) or a calf muscle injury (N = 10) and the uninjured group. Conclusions These results indicate that soccer players with an increased tightness of the hamstring or quadriceps muscles have a statistically higher risk for a subsequent musculoskeletal lesion. Clinical Significance Preseason hamstring and quadriceps muscle flexibility testing can identify male soccer players at risk of developing hamstring and quadriceps muscle injuries.

Interactions between financial efficiency and sports performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Miragaia ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Carvalho ◽  
Vanessa Ratten
Keyword(s):  
Professional Football ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
European Football ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

Purpose In the current economic climate, the huge rise in the levels of debt incurred by professional football clubs challenges the need to improve their efficiency levels. Hence, analysis of their productivity is essential and represents an integral dimension to any realistic and efficient strategy. Any such strategy includes the identification and analysis of the inputs and outputs that underpin club sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the team performance of professional European football clubs and the stability of their financial efficiency. Design/methodology/approach The sample spans 15 professional football clubs that won the league titles in the leading football leagues (the English, German, Spanish, Italian and French leagues) in the period between 2009 and 2014. The analysis made recourse to the data envelopment analysis method. Findings The results demonstrate that of the 15 clubs analysed, only 10 proved efficient. Football is now an industry that moves major quantities of financial capital and holds the attentions of large groups of fans worldwide. However, despite this attractiveness, the financial crisis and recession, ongoing since 2008, increasingly requires the better management of such resources. To this end, clubs should improve their control over the financial resources available given the positive relationship prevailing between the sporting performance of clubs and their levels of financial efficiency. Originality/value Analysis of the efficiency levels of the inputs and outputs encapsulating performance related financial variables may aid in improving the standards of planning and sustainable management at professional sport clubs.

Few training sessions between return to play and first match appearance are associated with an increased propensity for injury: a prospective cohort study of male professional football players during 16 consecutive seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Markus Waldén ◽  
Martin Hägglund
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that injury risk after return to play following an injury absence is influenced by the amount of training completed before return to competition.AimTo analyse if the number of completed training sessions between return to play and the first subsequent match appearance was associated with the odds of injury in men’s professional football.MethodsFrom a cohort study, including 303 637 individual matches, 4805 first match appearances after return to play following moderate to severe injuries (≥8 days absence) were analysed. Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare injury rates in the first match appearances with the average seasonal match injury rate. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyse associations between the number of completed training sessions and general (all injuries), muscle, and non-muscle injury odds.ResultsInjury rate in the first match after return to play was increased by 87% compared with the average seasonal match injury rate (46.9 vs 25.0/1000 hours, RR=1.87; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.14). The odds of injury dropped 7% with each training session before the first match (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98). The same association was found for muscle injuries (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95) but not for non-muscle injuries (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.07).ConclusionsInjury rates in the first match after injury are higher than the average seasonal match injury rate, but the propensity for player injury is decreased when players complete more training sessions before their first match.

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