scholarly journals Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Thielman ◽  
Daniel Harrington ◽  
Laura C Rosella ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.

Socio-demographic and geographic analysis of overweight and obesity in Canadian adults using the Canadian Community Health Survey (2005)

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
J. Slater ◽  
C. Green ◽  
G. Sevenhuysen ◽  
B. Edginton
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Using the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study examined how overweight and obesity in Canadian adults are distributed across socio-demographic and geographic groupings. Overweight and obesity prevalence were modeled against socio-demographic indicators using Poisson regression and were assessed geographically using choropleth maps. The Gini coefficient was used to assess the distribution of prevalence across risk groups. The potential impacts of high risk versus population-based prevention approaches on the population prevalence of obesity were also examined. Of adults aged 25 to 64 years, 17% were obese and 53% were overweight or obese, with the highest proportions observed in older age groups, among those who were physically inactive, white or non-immigrant, with low educational levels, and living in the prairie and east coast regions. Recalculation of obesity rates under the different prevention scenarios demonstrated that population-based approaches could achieve a four-fold greater decrease in obesity cases than high risk approaches, highlighting the need for broader population strategies for obesity prevention in Canada.

Differences in magnitude and rate of change in adult obesity distribution by age and sex in Mexico, Colombia and Peru, 2005–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Yamada ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Salgado ◽  
Jessica C Jones-Smith ◽  
Lawrence H Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractObjectiveUnequal obesity distributions among adult populations have been reported in low- and middle-income countries, but mainly based on data of women of reproductive age. Moreover, incorporation of ever-changing skewed BMI distributions in analyses has been a challenge. Our study aimed to assess magnitude and rates of change in BMI distributions by age and sex.DesignShapes of BMI distributions were estimated for 2005 and 2010, and their changes were assessed, using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) and assuming BMI follows a Box–Cox power exponential (BCPE) distribution.SettingNationally representative, repeated cross-sectional health surveys conducted between 2005 and 2013 in Mexico, Colombia and Peru.SubjectsAdult men and non-pregnant women aged 20–69 years.ResultsWhereas women had more right-shifted and wider BMI distributions than men in almost all age groups across the countries in 2010, men in their 30s–40s experienced more rapid increases in BMI between 2005 and 2010, notably in Peru. The highest increase in overweight and obesity prevalence was observed among Peruvian men of 35–39 years, with a 5-year increase of 21 percentage points.ConclusionsThe BCPE–GAMLSS method is an alternative to analyse measurements with time-varying distributions visually, in addition to conventional indicators such as means and prevalences. Consideration of differences in BMI distributions and their changes by sex and age would provide vital information in tailoring relevant policies and programmes to reach target populations effectively. Increases in BMI portend increases of obesity-associated diseases, for which preventive and preparative actions are urgent.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

scholarly journals Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjie Zhang ◽  
Xiaofan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Chen-Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Whether and to what extent outdoor activity and screen time are relevant to adiposity among rural adolescents remain largely unknown as most of relevant evidence was generated from high-income countries and urban areas. This study aimed to investigate associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity among early adolescents living in rural southwest China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventh graders (n = 2264) were recruited from 10 middle schools of a rural county. Overweight and obesity was assessed using adolescents’ body mass index and waist circumference. Adolescents’ outdoor activity and screen time were measured using self-reported daily time spending on outdoor activity, watching TV, playing video games, and computers on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and high waist circumferences were 8.0 and 4.9% and were higher among those from one-child families and with parents having high school or higher education and whose fathers were not farmers. Adolescents who did not have ≥1 h outdoor activity on weekdays were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.66) and have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.39, 3.57). Adolescents who had > 2 h screen time on weekends were more likely to have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.80). Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time also showed synergistic effects on overweight/obesity (OR: 1.93. 95% CI: 1.15, 3.24) and high waist circumferences (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.94). Conclusions Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time were relevant to adiposity among rural Chinese adolescents even when the obesity prevalence was low. Efforts to promote active lifestyles may help prevent rural adolescents from losing their advantage in the era of the global obesity epidemic.

scholarly journals P.087 “Reported Brain Injury” Time trends within two Canadian health surveys over two decades

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
KE Gordon ◽  
S Kuhle
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Upward Slope ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: An “epidemic” of concussions has been widely reported. We explored the annual incidence of reported concussion or other brain injury, over 20 years within Canada in order to explore the magnitude of this reported epidemic. Methods: Two Canadian nationally representative health surveys have serially collected injury data associated with disability. The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) (1994-9) collected data on “concussion”, and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2000-current) has collected data on “concussion or other brain injury”. Data on respondents 12 years and older reporting concussion with or without other brain injury within the past year were examined in order to produce serial incidence data. Results: Nationally representative data were available biennially from 1994/95 through 2013/14 with the exception of 2007/08 and 2011/12. The incidence of reported concussions, or concussions and other brain injury has been stable until 2005/06 when the reported annual incidence started an upward slope to levels 250% higher (p<0.001) without any apparent stabilization by 2013/14, when approximately 1 in 200 Canadians 12 years and older report concussion or other brain injury as their most significant injury associated with disability in the previous 12 months. Conclusions: There is currently a pandemic of reported brain injury in Canada.

scholarly journals Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Zhongping Yang ◽  
Zhaogeng Yang ◽  
Xijie Wang ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity across the life course.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to evaluate the association of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years.MethodsAll students with HBW (n=4981) aged 6–18 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey from seven provinces of China, and 4981 other students with normal birth weight (NBW) were randomly sampled with matched gender, age and province. Anthropometric parameters were measured and characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of overweight and obesity with HBW, unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsParticipants with HBW revealed higher body mass index in childhood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in the HBW group than in the NBW group (overweight 15.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.05; obesity 16.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.05), and the results were similar for overweight in all age groups except age 6–7, age 14–15 and age 16–18. Additionally, HBW was positively associated with overweight (OR=1.230; 95% CI 1.056 to 1.432) and obesity (OR=1.611; 95% CI 1.368 to 1.897) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsHBW leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity in childhood; thus, measures to control birth weight, such as controlling gestational weight gain, should be taken from the earliest beginning of life.Trial registration numberNCT02343588; Post-results.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity in preschoolers: Prevalence and relation to food consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aretha Matos de Araujo ◽  
Socorro Adriana de Sousa Meneses Brandão ◽  
Marcos Antônio da Mota Araújo ◽  
Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota ◽  
Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Summary Objective: To determine overweight and obesity prevalence in preschool children from public education, and to determine their relation to food consumption. Method: Cross-sectional study with children aged between 2 and 5 years, of both sexes, enrolled at municipal day care centers. Socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric data were collected, in order to calculate the body mass index (BMI) for age. Data on food consumption were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were used at a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 548 children, 52% were male, with mean age of 4.2 years old. Most families had incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages (59.7%), in addition to 10 years (mothers) of education. Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sexes. According to the BMI-for-age, it was found that most of children were well-nourished (85.2%), 8.2% had the risk of becoming overweight, and 4.2% were overweight. The most consumed foods were: rice (100%), beans (99.4%), bread (98.5%), fruit (98.5%), red meat (97.1%), butter and margarine (95.4%), biscuits, cakes and sweet pies (94.1%), dairy products (94.1%), chocolate milk (91.7%), and soft drinks (90.2%). Consumed foods that were strongly correlated (r > 0.7) to the risk of/excess weight were, as follows: bread; biscuits, cakes, sweet pies; dairy products; chocolate milk; sausages. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of overweight and absence of obesity among the population assessed. The risk of overweight was greater among girls. Data from the study showed deviations in food consumption.

scholarly journals Time-trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007–2019): repeated cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Taiar ◽  
Nawal Alqaoud ◽  
Ali H. Ziyab ◽  
Faheema Alanezi ◽  
Monica Subhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. Design: Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. Setting: Public primary, middle, and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. Participants: Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (N 172 603) Results: According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren respectively increased from 17.73% and 21.37% in 2007 to 20.19% and 28.39% in 2019 (P for trends<0.001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z score. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.

scholarly journals Satisfaction with Health Care Among Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397-1399
Author(s):  
Young-Rock Hong ◽  
Gregory Pavela ◽  
Alexandra M. Lee ◽  
Victoria G. Williamson ◽  
Michelle I. Cardel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Density among Canadians

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
Pardis Keshavarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

In recent years, ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has become a common breakfast option in Canada and worldwide. This study used the nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015-Nutrition to determine patterns of RTEC consumption in Canada and the contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians who were ≥2 years, of whom 22 ± 0.6% consumed RTEC on any given day. The prevalence of RTEC consumption was highest in children aged two to 12 years (37.6 ± 1.2%), followed by adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (28.8 ± 1.4%), and then by adults ≥19 years (18.9 ± 0.6%). RTEC consumers had higher intakes of “nutrients to encourage” compared to the RTEC non-consumers. More than 15% of the daily intake of some nutrients, such as folic acid, iron, thiamin, and vitamin B6, were contributed by RTEC. It was noted that nearly 66% of milk consumption was co-consumed with RTEC among RTEC consumers. The nutrient density of the diet, as defined by Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF 9.3), was significantly higher among RTEC consumers compared to non-consumers. RTEC consumption was not associated with overweight/obesity. RTEC consumption considerably contributed to the intake of some key nutrients among all age groups in Canada.

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