Prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking relapse among US adult smokers: a longitudinal study

ObjectivesThis research project aims at estimating the prevalence of cigarette smoking relapse and determining its predictors among adult former smokers in the USA.SettingThis research analysed secondary data retrieved from the Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey 2010–2011 cohort in the USA.ParticipantsOut of 18 499 participants who responded to the survey in 2010 and 2011, the analysis included a total sample size of 3258 ever smokers, who were living in the USA and reported quitting smoking in 2010. The survey’s respondents who never smoked or reported current smoking in 2010 were excluded from the study sample.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSmoking relapse was defined as picking up smoking in 2011 after reporting smoking abstinence in 2010. The prevalence of relapse over the 12-month follow-up period was estimated among different subgroups. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine factors associated with relapse.ResultsA total of 184 former smokers reported smoking relapse by 2011 (weighted prevalence 6.8%; 95% CI 5.7% to 8.1%). Prevalence and odds of relapse were higher among young people compared with elders. Former smokers living in smoke-free homes (SFHs) had 60% lower odds of relapse compared with those living in homes that allowed smoking inside (adjusted OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.64). Regarding race/ethnicity, only Hispanics showed significantly higher odds of relapse compared with Whites (non-Hispanics). Odds of relapse were higher among never married, widowed, divorced and separated individuals, compared with the married group. Continuous smoking cessation for 6 months or more significantly decreased odds of relapse.ConclusionsWider health determinants, such as race and age, but also living in SFHs showed significant associations with smoking relapse, which could inform the development of more targeted programmes to support those smokers who successfully quit, although further longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.

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Do Migrants Receive Tuberculosis Education in China? Evidence From the China Migrants Dynamic Survey

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211000309 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110003

Author(s):

Zheng Zhu ◽

Mengdi Guo ◽

Tingyue Dong ◽

Beibei Gong ◽

Xia Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Total Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Primary Methods ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Key Population ◽

Bulletin Boards ◽

Nationally Representative

Background Migrants are the key population for tuberculosis (TB) transmission in China. However, it remains unknown how many migrants have received TB education and through what means. Objectives To identify the rate and methods of TB education among migrants in China by using nationally representative data. Method This study used secondary data analysis. The data were derived from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2014–2017. A total sample of 745,926 migrants was included in the following analysis. Information on TB education was collected through a self-report questionnaire. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to explore the relationship between the independent variables and the receipt of TB education. Results Only 30.4% ( n = 226,458) received TB education. Among all age-groups, participants between 65 and 69 years old had the highest TB education rate (33.4%). Bulletin boards (86.5%–91%), media (73% to 86.7%), and books/magazines (59.2%–67.4%) were the most common ways for migrants to receive TB education. Conclusions Our study showed the rates of TB education in each region of China and indicated the significant disparity among the seven regions. Traditional media, off-line medical consultation, community advocacy, and bulletin boards should be the primary methods of delivering TB education. TB education campaigns targeting migrants with a low socioeconomic status should be actively promoted.

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Cigarette smoking quit ratios among adults in the USA with cannabis use and cannabis use disorders, 2002–2016

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054590 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 74-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrea H Weinberger ◽

Lauren R Pacek ◽

Melanie M Wall ◽

Misato Gbedemah ◽

Joun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Time Trends ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Usa ◽

Former Smokers ◽

Cannabis Use Disorders

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking is nearly three times higher among persons who use cannabis and have cannabis use disorders (CUDs), relative to those who do not. The current study examined cigarette quit ratios from 2002 to 2016 among US adults with and without cannabis use and CUDs.MethodsThe current study analysed US adults aged 18 years and older from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional study. Quit ratios (ie, proportion of former smokers among ever-smokers) were calculated annually from 2002 to 2016. Time trends in quit ratios by cannabis use/CUDs were tested using logistic regression.ResultsIn 2016, the quit ratios for people with any cannabis use (23%) and CUDs (15%) were less than half the quit ratios of those without cannabis use and CUDs (51% and 48%, respectively). After controlling for demographics and substance use disorders, the quit ratio did not change from 2002 to 2016 among persons with CUD, though it non-linearly increased among persons with cannabis use, without cannabis use and without CUDs. Quit ratios increased more rapidly among those who reported past-month cannabis use compared with those without past-month cannabis use.ConclusionsCigarette smoking quit ratios remain dramatically lower among people who use cannabis and have CUDs and quit ratios did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among those with CUDs. Public health and clinical attention are needed to increase quit ratios and reduce harmful cigarette smoking consequences for persons with cannabis use and CUDs.

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Association of device type, flavours and vaping behaviour with tobacco product transitions among adult electronic cigarette users in the USA

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055999 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055999

Author(s):

Alyssa F Harlow ◽

Jessica L Fetterman ◽

Craig S Ross ◽

Rose Marie Robertson ◽

Aruni Bhatnagar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Health Study ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Use Patterns ◽

The Usa ◽

Former Smokers

BackgroundFew studies assess whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) device characteristics or flavours impact longitudinal patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use.DesignWe examined data from waves 2–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014–2018). Among adult (≥18 years) current e-cigarette users at wave 2 who were current smokers (dual users; n=1759) and former smokers (exclusive e-cigarette users; n=470), we classified participants into four use patterns at wave 3 (~12 months later) and wave 4 (~24 months later): (1) dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes; (2) exclusive cigarette smoking; (3) exclusive e-cigarette use; (4) non-use of both products. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess correlates of changing use patterns at 24 months, relative to no change, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsAt 24 months, 26.5% of baseline exclusive e-cigarette users, and 9% of baseline dual users, abstained from both vaping and smoking. Participants who vaped non-tobacco flavours (vs tobacco flavours), and used refillable tank or modifiable devices (vs disposable, cartridges and other devices) were less likely to transition to non-use of both products and to exclusive cigarette smoking. Baseline daily vaping (vs non-daily) was positively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use at 24 months for baseline daily cigarette smokers, but negatively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use and non-use of both products at 24 months for baseline non-daily smokers.ConclusionsNon-tobacco flavours, daily vaping and modifiable e-cigarette devices may help some smokers abstain from cigarette smoking via transitioning to exclusive e-cigarette use, but are also associated with ongoing exclusive e-cigarette use.

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Effect modification of the association between total cigarette smoking and ALS risk by intensity, duration and time-since-quitting: Euro-MOTOR

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2019-320986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Susan Peters ◽

Anne E Visser ◽

Fabrizio D'Ovidio ◽

Jelle Vlaanderen ◽

Lützen Portengen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Population Based ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Alcohol Education ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Quitting Smoking

BackgroundWe investigated the association between cigarette smoking and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a pooled analysis of population-based case–control studies and explored the independent effects of intensity, duration and time-since-quitting.MethodsALS cases and controls, matched by age, sex and region, were recruited in the Netherlands, Italy and Ireland (*Euro-MOTOR project). Demographics and detailed lifetime smoking histories were collected through questionnaires. Effects of smoking status, intensity (cigarettes/day), duration (years), pack-years and time-since-quitting (years) on ALS risk were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, alcohol, education and centre. We further investigated effect modification of the linear effects of pack-years by intensity, duration and time-since-quitting using excess OR (eOR) models.ResultsAnalyses were performed on 1410 cases and 2616 controls. Pack-years were positively associated with ALS risk; OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.54) for the highest quartile compared with never smokers. This association appeared to be predominantly driven by smoking duration (ptrend=0.001) rather than intensity (ptrend=0.86), although the trend for duration disappeared after adjustment for time-since-quitting. Time-since-quitting was inversely related to ALS (ptrend<0.0001). The eOR decreased with time-since-quitting smoking, until about 10 years prior to disease onset. High intensity smoking with shorter duration appeared more deleterious than lower intensity for a longer duration.ConclusionsOur findings provide further support for the association between smoking and ALS. Pack-years alone may be insufficient to capture effects of different smoking patterns. Time-since-quitting appeared to be an important factor, suggesting that smoking may be an early disease trigger.

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Cigarette Smoking Is Related to Endothelial Dysfunction of Resistance, but Not Conduit Arteries in the General Population—Results From the Gutenberg Health Study

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.674622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Omar Hahad ◽

Natalie Arnold ◽

Jürgen H. Prochaska ◽

Marina Panova-Noeva ◽

Andreas Schulz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Health Study ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Resistance Arteries ◽

Gutenberg Health Study ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Former Smokers

Aims: Cigarette smoking is one of the most complex and least understood cardiovascular risk factors. Importantly, differences in the tobacco-related pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, an early event in atherogenesis, between circulatory beds remain elusive. Therefore, this study evaluated how smoking impacts endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries in a large population-based cohort.Methods and results: 15,010 participants (aged 35–74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline from 2007 to 2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a computer-assisted interview. Endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, reactive hyperemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry, as well as by reflection index (RI) derived from digital photoplethysmography, respectively. Among all subjects, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Mean cumulative smoking exposure was 22.1 ± 18.1 pack-years in current smokers and mean years since quitting was 18.9 ± 12.7 in former smokers. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for typical confounders, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were independently associated with RHI and RI, while no association was found for FMD. Overall, no clear dose-dependent associations were observed between variables, whereby higher exposure tended to be associated with pronounced resistance artery endothelial dysfunction.Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with altered endothelial function of resistance, but not conduit arteries. The present results suggest that smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction in different circulatory beds may exhibit a differential picture.

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Heated tobacco product use and combustible cigarette smoking relapse/initiation among former/never smokers in Japan: the JASTIS 2019 study with 1-year follow-up

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056168 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056168

Author(s):

Yusuke Matsuyama ◽

Takahiro Tabuchi

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Smoking Relapse ◽

Former Smokers ◽

Never Smokers

BackgroundUse of heated tobacco products (HTPs), which were first launched in Japan, has been rapidly spreading worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate whether HTP use was associated with combustible cigarette smoking relapse/initiation among former/never combustible cigarette smokers.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted by analysing two waves of data from the Japan ‘Society and New Tobacco’ Internet Survey. Among the 7766 never/former combustible cigarette smokers who answered the baseline survey in 2019, 5947 (follow-up rate: 76.6%) responded to the follow-up survey in 2020 (age range 18–73 years old; 50.5% men). The association between HTP use and combustible smoking after 1 year was investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf the respondents, 308 (5.2%) used HTPs at baseline. One year later, 97 (1.7%) non-HTP users and 39 (12.7%) HTP users were smoking combustible cigarettes. Among former smokers who had quit for 1 year or more and among never smokers, HTP use was significantly associated with combustible cigarette smoking 1 year later (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.42 to 5.52 and OR=9.95, 95% CI 3.39 to 29.16, respectively), while the association was not significant among former smokers who recently quit.ConclusionHTP use was associated with relapse/initiation of combustible cigarette smoking after 1 year. The risks of HTP use, including subsequent combustible smoking, should be carefully monitored.

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Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cigarette Smoking Initiation, Persistence, and Relapse Among Adults in the United States

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 1404-1408 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrea H Weinberger ◽

Cristine D Delnevo ◽

Katarzyna Wyka ◽

Misato Gbedemah ◽

Joun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

The United States ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Smoking Relapse ◽

Former Smokers ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Smoking Transitions

Abstract Introduction Despite increasing use of cannabis, it is unclear how cannabis use is related to cigarette transitions. This study examined cannabis use and smoking initiation, persistence, and relapse over 1 year among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Data were from US adults (≥18 years) who completed two waves of longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013–2014; Wave 2, 2014–2015; n = 26 341). Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of Wave 2 incident smoking among Wave 1 never-smokers, smoking cessation among Wave 1 smokers, and smoking relapse among Wave 1 former smokers by Wave 1 cannabis use. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education. Results Among Wave 1 never-smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of initiation of nondaily (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.50, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 4.02–7.55) and daily cigarette smoking (AOR = 6.70, 95% CL = 4.75–9.46) 1 year later. Among Wave 1 daily smokers, cannabis use was associated with reduced odds of smoking cessation (AOR = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.20–0.65). Among Wave 1 former smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of relapse to daily and nondaily cigarette smoking (daily AOR = 1.90, 95% CL = 1.11–3.26; nondaily AOR = 2.33, 95% CL = 1.61–3.39). Conclusions Cannabis use was associated with increased cigarette smoking initiation, decreased smoking cessation, and increased smoking relapse among adults in the United States. Increased public education about the relationship between cannabis use and cigarette smoking transitions may be needed as cannabis use becomes more common among US adults. Implications As cannabis use increases in the United States and other countries, an evaluation of the relationships of cannabis use to other health-related behaviors (eg, cigarette smoking) is needed to understand the population-level impact of legalization. Little is known about associations between cannabis use and cigarette smoking transitions (1) using recent longitudinal data, (2) among adults, and (3) examining transitions other than smoking initiation (eg, smoking relapse). Our results suggest that among US adults, cannabis use was associated with increased cigarette smoking initiation among never-smokers, decreased cigarette smoking cessation among current smokers, and increased cigarette smoking relapse among former smokers.

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Examining The Relationship Between Cigarette Usage and the Influence of Interpersonal Relationships

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.vi.825 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel McCoy ◽

Nasiru Gill ◽

Victoria C. Taylor ◽

Deidre Thompson ◽

Sonial Bell

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Interpersonal Influence ◽

Frequency Data ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

The Relationship ◽

Tobacco Usage

Tobacco usage continues to be a rampant problem among the American population regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity. Interpersonal relationships have been associated with statistical frequency in the patterns of tobacco usage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cigarette usage and interpersonal relationships that have motivated an individual to quit smoking. Participants were (N = 23,204) adolescents and early adulthood participants (Mean age = 15.83, SD = 4.53), with 41.8% of the sample reporting they currently use cigarettes and another 36.0% of the sample reporting no current cigarette usage (measured using the Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews (ACASI). From the current study, 45.0% of participants reported their close friends and family did not disapprove of their cigarette smoking, 19.0% reported their close friends and family only somewhat disapproved, and 12.8.% reported their close friends and family very much disapproved of their cigarette smoking. Interpersonal influence that motivated an individual to quit smoking and cigarette usage was measured using a secondary data analysis from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. It was hypothesized that there is a statistically significant relationship between cigarette usage and interpersonal relationships having motivated an individual to quit smoking. Frequency data revealed that of the 42% of participants who were currently smoking cigarettes, approximately 32% reported having close friends and family who somewhat or very much disapproved of their smoking and motivated them to quit. Consistent with the hypothesis, current cigarette usage was statistically significantly related to interpersonal influence on individuals quitting smoking with a r = -.150 (p < .01) at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). A simple correlation was conducted using secondary data where both X and Y are random variables beyond the experimenter’s control. The findings yield a weak, positive correlation between current cigarette usage and interpersonal influence on individuals quitting smoking. The R2 and adjusted R2 = .022, and the ANOVA table revealed there is a statistically significant linear relationship between cigarette usage and interpersonal influence on motivating individuals to quit smoking. These results support the rejection of the null hypothesis in which there is no statistically significant relationship between the two variables. Findings of a positive weak correlation suggests other variables are contributing to reported frequency data pertaining to interpersonal influence on cigarette usage. In conclusion, future research studies should investigate other variables such as environmental factors or cultural influences.

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Association of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use With Cigarette Smoking Relapse Among Former Smokers in the United States

JAMA Network Open ◽

10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. e204813 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Colm D. Everard ◽

Marushka L. Silveira ◽

Heather L. Kimmel ◽

Daniela Marshall ◽

Carlos Blanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Delivery System ◽

The United States ◽

Smoking Relapse ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

System Use ◽

Former Smokers

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Factors associated with past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking in adult established smokers who used a JUUL vaporizer for 6 months

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-019-0331-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher Russell ◽

Farhana Haseen ◽

Neil McKeganey

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Health Impact ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Primary Users ◽

Frequent Use ◽

The Usa ◽

Intent To Treat ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background JUUL is the fastest growing and highest selling brand of e-cigarette/vapor products in the USA. Assessing the effect of JUUL vapor products on adult smokers’ use of conventional tobacco cigarettes can help inform the potential population health impact of these products. Methods Participants were 15,456 US adult established current smokers aged 21 years who had purchased their first JUUL Starter Kit from a retail store or online within the past 7 days. Online surveys assessed past 30-day use of conventional cigarettes, JUUL vapor products, and other e-cigarettes/vapor products at 3 and 6 months after their first JUUL purchase. Logistic regression models examined factors associated with smokers’ odds of self-reporting past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking at 6 months. Results Past 30-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking at 6 months was 31.6% in the intent-to-treat (ITT) sample and 54.0% among those who responded at 6 months (n = 9040; 58.5% of ITT). Consecutive past 30-day smoking abstinence outcomes at 3 and 6 months were reported by 20.3% of the ITT sample and 40.6% of responders to both assessments (n = 7726). Covariate-adjusted odds for reporting past 30-day smoking abstinence at 6 months were significantly higher among primary users of mint- or mango-flavored JUULpods (compared to primary users of Virginia tobacco-flavored JUULpods), exclusive users of JUULpods in characterizing flavors (compared to exclusive users of tobacco-flavored JUULpods), daily users of the JUUL vaporizer (compared to less-than-daily), initial retail purchasers (compared to initial e-commerce purchasers), and those who first purchased a JUUL to help to quit smoking completely. Odds for reporting past 30-day smoking abstinence were significantly lower among those who, at study enrolment, had smoked regularly for ≥ 20 years, smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day, and smoked on all 30 of the previous 30 days. Conclusions Around one third of enrolled smokers and one half of smokers who responded to a 6-month follow-up reported being past 30-day abstinent from cigarette smoking after using a JUUL vaporizer for 6 months. More frequent use of a JUUL vaporizer and primary use of JUULpods in characterizing flavors, particularly mint and mango, appeared to be important to smokers’ chances of quitting. The impact of suspending retail sales of flavored JUULpods on adult smokers’ likelihood of quitting should be closely assessed.

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