Markers of gastrointestinal permeability and dysbiosis in premenopausal women with PCOS: a case–control study

ObjectivesAltered intestinal permeability and gut barrier dysfunction have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenetic mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine and metabolic condition in reproductive-aged women. However, data on intestinal permeability and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in PCOS is still limited, with conflicting results. To this end, the concentrations of gastrointestinal permeability and gut dysbiosis markers were analysed in women with PCOS.DesignCase–control study.SettingGeneral community.Participants104 women with PCOS and 203 body mass index (BMI) matched control women at age 46.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSerum levels of zonulin, fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), urinary levels of indican, and hormonal and metabolic parameters.ResultsSerum levels of zonulin (128.0±17.0 vs 130.9±14.0 ng/mL, p=0.13) and FABP2 (1.5±0.9 vs 1.5±0.7 ng/mL, p=0.63) and urinary levels of indican (9.5±5.5 vs 8.4±4.2 mg/dL, p=0.07) were comparable in women with PCOS and controls in the whole study population. Likewise, when the study population was divided into different BMI groups as normal weight, overweight and obese, the levels of the above markers were comparable between the study groups. After BMI adjustment, zonulin levels correlated with the levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p<0.05) both in women with PCOS and controls.ConclusionsIntestinal permeability markers zonulin and FABP2, and the dysbiosis marker indican do not seem to be altered in women with PCOS at age 46 compared with BMI-matched controls. Serum zonulin levels correlated with BMI, insulin resistance and inflammatory marker levels, but did not segregate women with PCOS and controls. This suggests that metabolic factors, but not PCOS per se, is the driving force of dysbiosis in premenopausal women with PCOS.

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Serum levels of sex hormones and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: a case–control study (USA)

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1023/b:caco.0000016574.79728.11 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Susan R. Sturgeon ◽

Nancy Potischman ◽

Kathleen E. Malone ◽

Joanne F. Dorgan ◽

Janet Daling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Reduced early GLP-1 response in gestational diabetes is associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance: a prospective case-control study

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.50.oc2.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nithya Sukumar ◽

Christos Bagias ◽

Ilona Goljan ◽

Seley Gharanei ◽

Bee Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Prospective Case Control Study

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Anti muellerian hormone serum levels in women with endometriosis: A case-control study

Gynecological Endocrinology ◽

10.1080/09513590903159615 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omar Shebl ◽

Thomas Ebner ◽

Michael Sommergruber ◽

Andreas Sir ◽

Gernot Tews

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Dietary and serum vitamin D and preeclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002956 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Xue-min Huang ◽

Yan-hua Liu ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Yuan Cao ◽

Wei-feng Dou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract The effect of vitamin D (VD) on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. Few of previous studies focused on the relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk. Therefore, we conducted this 1:1 matched case-control study to explore the association of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk in Chinese pregnant women. A total of 440 pairs of participants were recruited during March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary information was obtained using a 78-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs of the highest quartile were 0.45 (95%CI: 0.29-0.71, Ptrend = 0.001) for VD dietary intake and 0.26 (95%CI: 0.11-0.60, Ptrend = 0.003) for serum levels after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the RCS analysis suggested a reverse J-shaped relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). A similar association was also found between serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that higher dietary intake and serum levels of VD are associated with the lower risk of PE in Chinese pregnant women.

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Serum otolin-1 as a biomarker for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a case-control study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121001274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

D V K Irugu ◽

A Singh ◽

H Yadav ◽

H Verma ◽

R Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Positional Vertigo ◽

The Difference ◽

Control Study ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate serum otolin-1 levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to compare these levels with healthy individuals. Method This was a case-control study. After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, the serum level of otolin-1 was calculated in adult individuals (18–75 years old) who were divided into group 1 (patients presenting with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) and group 2 (healthy patients without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as the control group). Data analysis was carried out to compare the serum levels in the cases and controls. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 70 age-matched individuals (cases, n = 40; controls, n = 30) were included in the study. The mean serum level of otolin-1 was 636.8 pg/ml (range, 259–981 pg/ml) in the group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 236.2 pg/ml (range, 189–370 pg/ml) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0000). Conclusion The serum levels of otolin-1 in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are significantly higher compared with individuals without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

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Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic, Black, sub-Saharan African, hypertensive patients: a case–control study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01829-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bernard Kianu Phanzu ◽

Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila ◽

Eleuthère Kintoki Vita ◽

Jean-René M’Buyamba Kabangu ◽

Benjamin Longo-Mbenza

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables. Results Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001]. Conclusion Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.

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