scholarly journals Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048296
Author(s):  
Dawit T Zemedikun ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Devan Raindi ◽  
Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor ◽  
Krishna Margadhmane Gokhale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Unexposed Group ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesTo identify the association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingIQVIA Medical Research Data-UK between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019.Participants64 379 adult patients with a general practitioner recorded diagnosis of periodontal disease (exposed patients) were matched to 251 161 unexposed patients by age, sex, deprivation and registration date.Main outcome measuresLogistic regression models accounting for covariates of clinical importance were undertaken to estimate the adjusted OR (aOR) of having chronic diseases at baseline in the exposed compared with the unexposed group. Incidence rates for each outcome of interest were then provided followed by the calculation of adjusted HRs using cox regression modelling to describe the risk of outcome development in each group.ResultsThe average age at cohort entry was 45 years and the median follow-up was 3.4 years. At study entry, the exposed cohort had an increased likelihood of having a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.48), cardiometabolic disease (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.19), autoimmune disease (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.37) and mental ill health (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.75 to 1.83) compared with the unexposed group. During the follow-up of individuals without pre-existing outcomes of interest, the exposed group had an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23), cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10), autoimmune disease (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.40) and mental ill health (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.42) compared with the unexposed group.ConclusionsIn this cohort, periodontal diseases appeared to be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases and mental ill health. Periodontal diseases are very common; therefore, an increased risk of other chronic diseases represent a substantial public health burden.

scholarly journals Association Between Gout and Injury Risk: A National Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3679
Author(s):  
Shih-Hsiang Ou ◽  
Chu-Lin Chou ◽  
Chia-Wei Lin ◽  
Wu-Chien Chien ◽  
Te-Chao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Drug Intervention ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Insurance Database

The association between gout and injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the injury risk in patients with gout. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) from 2000 to 2010 in Taiwan, patients with gout (group CFG) and those without gout (group C) were enrolled for further analysis. The CFG group was separated into two subgroups (with and without medication) to determine whether the risk of injury was reduced with drug intervention. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of gout to the date of injury. A total of 257,442 individuals were enrolled in this study, with 85,814 people in group CFG and 171,628 people in group C. Using Cox regression analysis, group CFG showed a significant increase in the risk of injury. Traffic injuries, poisoning, falls, crushing/cutting/piercing injury, and suicides were prominent among these injuries. Furthermore, when urate-lowing drugs were used to treat the CFG group, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of injury. Patients with gout had an increased risk of injury overall, and drug intervention did not lower the risk of injury in these patients.

scholarly journals Long-Term All-Cause Mortality and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: An Israeli Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izkhakov ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Yacov Shacham ◽  
Iris Yaish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: The global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has risen considerably during the last three decades, while prognosis is generally favorable. We assessed the long-term all-cause mortality in TC survivors compared to the general population, and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with TC during 2001-2014 (TC group) and age- and sex-matched individuals from the same Israeli healthcare system without thyroid disease or a cancer history (non-TC group) were compared. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality were calculated by exposure status. Results: During a 15-year follow-up (median 8 years), 577 TC survivors out of 5,677 (10.2%) TC patients and 1,235 individuals out of 23,962 (5.2%) non-TC patients died. The TC survivors had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95%CI 1.71-2.10), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors already present at follow-up initiation. This increased risk was most pronounced in the 55- to 64-year-old age group (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.33-1.67). The TC survivors who died by study closure had more hypertension (14.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.002), more dyslipidemia (11.4% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and more cardiovascular disease (33.6% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.05) compared to those who died in the non-TC group. Conclusions: This large cohort study showed higher all-cause mortality with a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease among TC survivors compared to matched non-TC individuals. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors is mandatory.

scholarly journals Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Long-Term All-Cause Mortality in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: An Israeli Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izkhakov ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Yacov Shacham ◽  
Iris Yaish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: The global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has risen considerably during the last three decades, while prognosis is generally favorable. We assessed the association between long-term all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors compared to the general population. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with TC during 2001-2014 (TC group) and age- and sex-matched individuals from the same Israeli healthcare system without thyroid disease or a cancer history (non-TC group) were compared. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality were calculated by exposure status. Results: During a 15-year follow-up (median 8 years), 577 TC survivors out of 5,677 (10.2%) TC patients and 1,235 individuals out of 23,962 (5.2%) non-TC patients died. The TC survivors had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95%CI 1.71-2.10), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors already present at follow-up initiation. This increased risk was most pronounced in the 55- to 64-year-old age group (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.33-1.67). The TC survivors who died by study closure had more hypertension (14.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.002), more dyslipidemia (11.4% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and more cardiovascular disease (33.6% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.05) compared to those who died in the non-TC group. Conclusions: This large cohort study showed higher all-cause mortality with a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease among TC survivors compared to matched non-TC individuals. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors is mandatory.

scholarly journals Association of Rosacea With Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daein Choi ◽  
Sungjun Choi ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Sang Min Park ◽  
Hyun‐Sun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background There is emerging evidence that rosacea, a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease, is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether patients with rosacea are at increased risk of developing CVD. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort included patients with newly diagnosed rosacea (n=2681) and age‐, sex‐, and index year–matched reference populations without rosacea (n=26 810) between 2003 and 2014. The primary outcome was subsequent CVD including coronary heart disease and stroke. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate adjusted hazard ratios for subsequent CVD adjusted for major risk factors of CVD. Compared with the reference population (13 410 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years), patients with rosacea (1341 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years) displayed an increased risk for CVD (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03–1.40) and coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05–1.60). The risk for stroke was not significantly elevated (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91–1.37). Conclusions This study suggests that patients with rosacea are more likely to develop subsequent CVD. Proper education for patients with rosacea to manage other modifiable risk factors of CVD along with rosacea is needed.

scholarly journals The Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen in the Prediction of Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in an Older Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Lan ◽  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Nicholas Buys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cardiac disease risks. However, no study has explored whether BUN can predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the healthy older population. This study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors of CVD among a healthy older population community in China.Design and Methods: This study was designed as a cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. We recruited 5,000 older people among 137,625 residents of the Gaohang community. In the baseline, subjects were asked to participate in medical screening and biological tests, and answered survey questions. During the follow-up period (2014–2017), the researchers regularly tested the subjects' indicators and assessment scales. We monitored the occurrence of CVD and explored the relationship between BUN and CVD via a Cox regression analysis.Results: During the follow-up, subjects were newly diagnosed with CVD including heart failure (HF), heart disease events, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease. The Cox regression analysis found an association between baseline BUN and incident CVD in female subjects, with higher BUN associated with increased risk of AF in females and kidney disease in both male and females. No association was found between BUN and CVD in male subjects.Conclusions: Current results indicate that BUN is a valuable predictive biomarker of CVD. A higher BUN level (&gt;13.51 mg/dL) is associated with an increased occurrence of HF but a decreased occurrence of diabetes and metabolic symptoms in normal older females.

scholarly journals Association between Aminotransferase/alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease mortality in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Multi-center Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Feng ◽  
Yueqiang Wen ◽  
FenFen Peng ◽  
Niansong Wang ◽  
Xiaojiang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives: Elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the general population. However, an association between AST/ALT ratio and CVD mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has received little attention.Methods: A total of 2224 incident PD patients from multi-centers were enrolled from November 1, 2005, to June 30, 2017, in this retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was CVD mortality. Eligible patients were divided into high and normal groups according to the AST/ALT ratio cut-off for CVD mortality with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The associations between the AST/ALT ratio and CVD mortality were evaluated by the Cox regression model.Results: Of eligible 1579 patients with a mean age of 49.3±14.6 years, 55.4% of patients were male, 18.1% of patients had diabetes, and 64.2% of patients had hypertension. The prevalence of a high AST/ALT ratio was 76.6% in the cohort population. During a follow-up period with 4659.6 patient-years, 316 patients died, of which 193 (61.1%) deaths were caused by CVD episodes. The incidence of CVD mortality in the high group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (13.1% versus 9.2%, P=0.024). Cumulative CVD mortality rates were significantly different between the two groups by Kaplan-Meier analysis [hazards ratio (HR)=1.50, 95% confidence index (CI) 1.09-2.07, P=0.014]. After adjusting for confounding factors, a higher AST/ALT ratio was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality compared with their counterparts (HR=1.43, 95%CI 1.08-2.41, P=0.002). Conclusions: PD patients with high baseline AST/ALT ratio levels may be at a significant risk of CVD mortality.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Classification of 2017 Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Young Chinese Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Yongjian Song ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Mengyi Zheng ◽  
Yihan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Stage 1

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association introduced new guidelines for blood pressure (BP) classification in 2017. We explored associations between the newly defined categories and eventual cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, stroke, and all-cause mortality in young Chinese adults. In the community-based Kailuan Study, 16 006 participants aged 18 to 40 years and examined at baseline in 2006/2007 underwent 2-yearly follow-up examinations up to 2016 to 2017. Taking the highest BP reading recorded by manual sphygmomanometry at baseline in 2006 to 2007, we categorized the BP according to the new guidelines. Outcome parameters were CVD events, stroke, and all-cause mortality. During follow-up (mean: 10.9±0.63 years), we observed 458 events (CVD, 167; stroke, 119; and all-cause death, 172). After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios for CVD events were for elevated BP 0.80 (95% CI, 0.28–2.30), stage 1 hypertension 1.82 (95% CI, 1.12–2.94), and stage 2 hypertension 3.54 (95% CI, 2.18–5.77) versus normal BP. Similar results were obtained for stroke and all-cause death. In Cox regression analysis with BP category entered as time-dependent covariate, stage 1 hypertension was not associated with increased risk ( P >0.10). In the subgroup of individuals taking antihypertensive medication during follow-up, none of the BP categories was significantly associated with the incidence of CVD events. During a mean follow-up of 10.9 years, the newly defined category of stage 1 hypertension in young untreated Chinese adults aged <40 years at baseline was associated with an increased risk for CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality. This increased risk occurred, however, after progression to stage 2 hypertension. The data may help validating the new BP classification system for young adult Chinese.

scholarly journals The association of nine amino acids with cardiovascular events in Finnish men in a 12-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Jauhiainen ◽  
Jagadish Vangipurapu ◽  
Annamaria Laakso ◽  
Teemu Kuulasmaa ◽  
Johanna Kuusisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background and aims To investigate the significance of nine amino acids as risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease events in 9,584 Finnish men. Materials and Methods A total of 9,584 men (age 57.4±7.0 years, body mass index 27.2±4.2 kg/m 2) from the METSIM study without cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes at baseline were included in this study. A total of 662 coronary artery disease (CAD) events, 394 ischemic stroke events, and 966 cardiovascular disease (CVD, CAD and stroke combined) events were recorded in a 12.3-year follow-up. Amino acids were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance platform. Results In Cox regression analysis phenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD and CVD events, and phenylalanine with increased risk of ischemic stroke after the adjustment for confounding factors. Glutamine was significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and CVD events and nominally with CAD events. Alanine was nominally associated with CAD events. Conclusion We identified alanine as a new amino acid associated with increased risk of CAD and glutamine as a new amino acid associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. We also confirmed that phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with CAD, ischemic stroke, and CVD events.

scholarly journals Long-Term All-Cause Mortality and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: An Israeli Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izkhakov ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Yacov Shacham ◽  
Iris Yaish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: The global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has risen considerably during the last three decades, while prognosis is generally favorable. We assessed the long-term all-cause mortality in TC survivors compared to the general population, and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with TC during 2001-2014 (TC group) and age- and sex-matched individuals from the same Israeli healthcare system without thyroid disease or a cancer history (non-TC group) were compared. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality were calculated by exposure status. Results: During a 15-year follow-up (median 8 years), 577 TC survivors out of 5,677 (10.2%) TC patients and 1,235 individuals out of 23,962 (5.2%) non-TC patients died. The TC survivors had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95%CI 1.71-2.10), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors already present at follow-up initiation. This increased risk was most pronounced in the 55- to 64-year-old age group (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.33-1.67). The TC survivors who died by study closure had more hypertension (14.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.002), more dyslipidemia (11.4% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and more cardiovascular disease (33.6% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.05) compared to those who died in the non-TC group. Conclusions: This large cohort study showed higher all-cause mortality with a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease among TC survivors compared to matched non-TC individuals. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors is mandatory.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk assessment in patients with familial Mediterranean fever related renal amyloidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Romano ◽  
David Piskin ◽  
Roberta A. Berard ◽  
Bradley C. Jackson ◽  
Cengizhan Acikel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fgf 23

Abstract Chronic inflammation and proteinuria is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney diseases and rheumatologic disorders. Our aim was to investigate the CVD events (CVDEs) and survival between the patients with FMF-related AA amyloidosis and glomerulonephropathies (GN) to define possible predictors for CVDEs. A prospective follow-up study with FMF-amyloidosis and glomerulonephropathy (GN) was performed and patients were followed for CVDEs. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), FGF-23, serum lipid, hsCRP levels, BMI and HOMA were assessed. A Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for CVDEs. There were 107 patients in the FMF-amyloidosis group and 126 patients with GN group. Forty-seven CVDEs were observed during the 4.2-years follow up; all 28 patients in the FMF-amyloidosis group and 14/19 patients with GN developed CVDEs before the age of 40 (p = 0.002). CVD mortality was 2.8 times higher (95% CI 1.02–7.76) in patients with FMF-amyloidosis. Across both groups, FMD and FGF23 (p < 0.001) levels were independently associated with the risk of CVDEs. Patients with FMF-amyloidosis are at increased risk of early CVDEs with premature mortality age. FGF 23, FMD and hsCRP can stratify the risk of early CVD in patients with FMF-related AA amyloidosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document