Prediction of emotional exhaustion over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in primary care dental staff: an intensive longitudinal study

ObjectiveTo investigate the fatigue trajectory during a 6-month duration of the COVID-19 pandemic for dental health professionals in primary dental care and for those in training.DesignA longitudinal intensive panel diary was conducted (July–December 2020) assessing weekly self-ratings of emotional fatigue.SettingDental care services in Scotland.ParticipantsDental trainees and primary dental care staff (N=53). These data were merged with respondents’ replies to a cross-sectional baseline survey (Humphris et al). Recruitment was through ‘Portal’, an online tool administered by National Health Service Education for Scotland. Questback software was employed for data collection.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe diary questionnaire, consisted of a three-item fatigue scale and, from the baseline survey, three multi-item scales including: preparedness (14 items of the Dental Professional Preparedness for Practice Scale), the 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised and depressive symptomatology using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Statistical analysis included estimating the variability of fatigue over the study duration using a multilevel linear growth model. In addition, a path analysis was performed to determine the ability of preparedness and COVID-19 pandemic trauma to predict fatigue trajectories directly, or mediated through depressive symptomatology.ResultsA large variation of fatigue trajectories (p<0.001) was found from staff who completed a mean of 11 weekly uploads of their diary (diary uploads: minimum 4–maximum 24). The average slope was positive (standardised estimate=0.13, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.19, p<0.001). Slope variation was modelled successfully from baseline data showing direct and indirect effects from preparedness, trauma and depressive symptoms.ConclusionStaff who volunteered to participate over a significant period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland displayed a highly significant variety of individual trajectories. The results show some consistency with a job demands-resources model of burnout development. Suitable resource structures are indicated for staff over periods of extensive public service change.

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What factors influence use of dental health services by substance users?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71771-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 60-60

Author(s):

J. Kemm ◽

R. Holland ◽

D. Rumball

Keyword(s):

Dental Care ◽

Dental Health ◽

Care Staff ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Dental Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Substance Users ◽

Alcohol And Drugs ◽

Dental Staff ◽

Dental Practices

IntroductionSeveral studies show that despite poor oral health substance users fail to access dental care. This was confirmed locally by audit in 2005; 63% (n = 82) were not registered with a dentist and 72% had dental problems, of whom 83% were not receiving treatment.ObjectivesTo examine issues affecting substance users use of dental services.AimsTo identify factors influencing whether substance users visit the dentist, in particular whether having a ‘regular’ dentist is important. Secondly, to compare this with perceptions of dental care staff.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted across Norfolk & Waveney Mental Health Trust's Alcohol and Drugs Service and Norwich dental practices. 87 substance users participated, half of Norwich dentists (n = 67) and 66 reception staff from Norwich dental practices.ResultsParticipants reported high levels of dental problems, most commonly toothache (71%). Those having a dentist they normally saw were more likely to have visited the dentist in the previous year (X2 = 14.06, p < 0.01). The most common reasons for not receiving treatment were difficulty finding a dentist, difficulty keeping appointments and few available appointments. Dental staff acknowledged similar dental problems, but were more likely to think lack of motivation caused non-attendance. Drug use, substitute prescribing or duration in treatment did not influence frequency of dental visits. Dentists hi-lighted remuneration issues for providing services to substance users.ConclusionsHaving a ‘regular’ dentist could improve use of dental services. Examining capacity and revisiting payments for this group under the new dental contract could improve treatment rates.

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Factors Associated With The Mental Health of Back-To-Wuhan College Students Based On Quantile Regression Model During The COVID-19 Period

10.21203/rs.3.rs-778511/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Wu ◽

Lijun Zhuo ◽

Hao Li ◽

Ling Zheng ◽

Guoqing Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Severity Index ◽

Future Trend ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Psychological Pressure ◽

Quantile Regression Analysis

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading rapidly in China and other countries since December 2019, which has increased the risk of infection, and brought the unbearable huge psychological pressure on people. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from 31 August 2020, to 14 September 2020 by convenience sampling on the back-to-Wuhan college students, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) scales and the basic demographic characteristics. Results The results from 1017 participants suggested that 44%, 47.5%, 37.7%, 57.7% were the prevalence rates of the anxiety, depression, insomnia, and distress respectively. Moreover, quantile regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to the mental health variables of the back-to-Wuhan college students during the COVID-19 period. Conclusion The finding showed that the respondents who were near graduation, discriminated owing to the experience in Wuhan, and worried about the future trend of COVID-19 had a higher risk of becoming negative psychologic status, especially the bottom and median quantile, and might require more psycho-social interventions or support.

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Holiday Hunger and Parental Stress: Evidence from North East England

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12104141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4141

Author(s):

Paul B. Stretesky ◽

Margaret Anne Defeyter ◽

Michael A. Long ◽

Liesel A. Ritchie ◽

Duane A. Gill

Keyword(s):

Parental Stress ◽

Economic Hardship ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

School Age Children ◽

Stressful Event ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

North East ◽

Time Of Year

Summer is a stressful time of year for many parents as they struggle to meet household expenses and feed children. The aim of the present study is to determine if there is an association between summertime food insecurity (i.e., holiday hunger) and parental stress among a sample of UK parents with school age children living in North East England. A cross-sectional sample of (n = 252) parents are analyzed using holiday hunger as the independent variable and a subjective measure of stress that treats summer as a ‘stressful event’ as the dependent variable. Of the parents in the sample, 64.8% reported at least some level of holiday hunger. We find parents facing any holiday hunger scored substantively higher on the overall 75-point Impact of Event Scale (mean difference = 30.4, 95% confidence interval ((CI) 24.2–36.6), the 35-point intrusion subscale (13.7, 95% CI 10.8–16.5), and the 40-point avoidance subscale (16.7, 95% CI 13.3–20.2). These findings are replicated in a regression analysis. In addition, we find that holiday hunger partially mediates the association between economic hardship (i.e., unemployment and poverty) and parental stress. We conclude by suggesting that government policies addressing economic hardship are not only likely to reduce holiday hunger, but also improve mental wellbeing.

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Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescents Exposed to the Earthquake in Lombok, Indonesia: Prevalence and Association With Maladaptive Trauma-Related Cognition and Resilience

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Suzaily Wahab ◽

Li Ling Yong ◽

Wei Keong Chieng ◽

Myristica Yamil ◽

Noor Azah Sawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Control Variable ◽

Female Gender ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Post Traumatic

Background: Natural disasters may physically and psychologically affect individuals and their surrounding community. This study determines the prevalence of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and its association with maladaptive trauma-related cognition and resilience among adolescents post-earthquake.Materials and Methods: Data were collected, in this cross-sectional study, during an intervention program post-earthquake held in a state high school located at Lombok, Indonesia. The study sample engaged students 14–19 years of age using the purposive sampling method. The questionnaires used to measure PTS symptoms, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience were Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13 (CRIES-13), Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI), and Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R), respectively.Results: The prevalence of PTS symptoms was 69.9%. Among the respondents, 61.37% were female and 56.48% had mothers with lower educational levels. Using multiple linear regression, the final predictors of PTS symptoms were excessive reactions (e.g., wailing loudly, miserable shrieking) of proxy during earthquake (β = 3.283, p = 0.005), maladaptive trauma-related cognition (β = 0.224, p = 0.002), and resilience (β = 0.192, p < 0.001) with female gender (β = 7.350, p < 0.001) as a control variable. Through simple linear regression, victims who witnessed injury or death during the earthquake (p = 0.003), had a proxy died during the earthquake (p = 0.01), and trapped victims or those who had difficulty escaping (p = 0.01) were identified to potentially predict the occurrence of PTS symptoms, warranting further study.Conclusion: The presence of excessive proxy reactions during the earthquake, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience in adolescents exposed to a natural disaster are worth targeting and prioritizing in future post-disaster interventions.

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A cross-sectional survey of psychological distress in a Mexican sample during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

10.31219/osf.io/wzqkh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández ◽

Diana Betancourt-Ocampo ◽

Héctor Romo-Parra ◽

Ernesto Reyes-Zamorano ◽

Alejandro González-González

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Online Survey ◽

Second Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Baseline Measure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Related Stress ◽

The Impact

The objectives of this study were to describe severity of psychological distress (event-related stress, anxiety, and depression) during the second stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, and to explore associations between the indicators of psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics and specific concerns about COVID-19. This report serves as a baseline measure of a longitudinal project to evaluate progression of psychological distress across stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. An online survey was conducted in the State of Mexico from April 8th -18th, 2020, in a sample of men and women who are beneficiaries of a welfare institution in the region. Variables were measured with the Impact of Event Scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disoder-7, and a questionnaire of concerns about COVID-19. A total of 5974 participants were analyzed. Moderate levels of psychological distress (with 23.6% of participants meeting significant event-related stress, but mild levels of depression and anxiety) were found, as well as high values in all concerns about COVID-19, especially regarding financial disruption, worsening of local security and concern of a family member becoming infected. These concerns associated mild-to-moderately with the indicators of psychological distress. Higher values of event-related distress were found in women, individuals with higher educational attainment and those with any current high-risk medical diagnosis, though the effect sizes were mild. Though psychological distress and concerns about COVID-19 have reached significant levels during the pandemic in Mexico, overall, they have not yet reached dysfunctional levels.

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Is Acknowledgment of Trauma a Protective Factor?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.14.3.249 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Andreas Maercker ◽

Marija Povilonyte ◽

Raichat Lianova ◽

Karin Pöhlmann

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Potentially Traumatic Events ◽

Causal Direction ◽

The Impact

We assessed victims’ status and its relation to self-perceived “social acknowledgment as a victim or survivor” ( Maercker & Müller, 2004 ) in a sample of Chechen refugees living in camps in Ingushetia. A total of 61 Chechen refugees were surveyed using a war-related trauma checklist, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire. Rates of potentially traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appeared to be very high in this sample: 100% reported one or more potentially traumatic events and over 75% were estimated to have PTSD. As expected, social acknowledgment as a victim or survivor was negatively related to PTSD symptoms. We discuss the possible causal direction of this finding. Our cross-sectional study provides further evidence that social acknowledgment should be regarded as a protective or resource factor in the aftermath of trauma.

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Decisional Trust and Regret Mediate the HRQL in Work-Related Hand Injury Patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S479-S479

Author(s):

H.H. Liao ◽

S.L. Cheng ◽

C.C. Chang ◽

C.H. Lin ◽

F.C. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediation Analysis ◽

Short Form ◽

Hand Injury ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Work Related ◽

The Impact ◽

Decisional Regret

BackgroundDespite mounting evidence that non-injury-related factors have an important role in recovery from injury; specific variables associated with surgery outcomes are poorly understood. This lack of knowledge complicates efforts to improve the care of work-related hand injury (WRHI) patients. However, substantial research and investigation have still not clarified these underlying relationships, which merit further attention.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) outcome for WRHI patients after the impact of event and to investigate the moderated mediation analysis associated with their decision trust and regret.MethodsA cross sectional study design was used to investigate the impact of event and the associated HRQL in 53 WRHI patients following severe and major hand injury. All consenting patients completed the Impact of Event Scale Revised, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Decisional Trust scale, Decisional Regret scale and Short Form-36.Anticipated achievementIn the result of mediation analysis, patients affected HRQL via decisional trust and decisional regret, respectively. In addition, our data suggest that certain decisional trust and decisional regret (partial) characteristics significantly moderate this association. These findings may aid in the development of clinical interventions to enhance HRQL for WRHI patients. Overall, it is important for clinicians to consider the notion that more decisional trust or less decisional regret may sometimes, but not always, be better.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Depression in Different Sociodemographic Groups in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6955

Author(s):

Hana Sonbol ◽

Hadil M. Alahdal ◽

Rasis A. Alanazi ◽

Khawla Alsamhary ◽

Fuad Ameen

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Online Survey ◽

World Health ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact

COVID-19 disease was announced as a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World health organization (WHO). Saudi Arabia was among the first countries to enforce restriction measures such as closing schools, remote working, and a travel ban. We aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s depression in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey of 1109 participants was conducted during the curfew between 18th of May and 11th of June 2020. An online questionnaire included questions about the commitment to follow the precautionary measures, knowledge on COVID-19, and depression. Depression was assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised method. Females, unmarried individuals, elderly persons, parents of young children, unemployed, and small families were more likely to be depressed. Education level did not explain the differences in depression. However, the more knowledge the participants had about COVID-19 the better they followed the restrictions. A regression analysis revealed that the commitment of a person to follow the restrictions increased his/her depression symptoms. Attention should be paid to different groups of people in future psychiatric planning.

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Awareness regarding COVID-19 among auxiliary dental staff in a tertiary dental care centre in Kerala- A cross-sectional study

Journal of Oral Medicine Oral Surgery Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology ◽

10.18231/j.ijooo.2021.048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Sherin Ann Thomas ◽

Asish R ◽

Vinimol C ◽

Bindu V Bhaskar ◽

Jesmith Elsa Jacob

Keyword(s):

Dental Care ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Control Measures ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Staff

Corona virus disease officially called as COVID-19, declared a “pandemic” by the World Health Organization; became a major public health problem causing worldwide morbidity and mortality, despite various control measures. Extraordinary measures are taken universally to fight the spread of the ongoing outbreak. In such a scenario, people’s adherence to preventive measures is largely influenced by their knowledge and perception of the disease. Since dental care professionals are having high chances of infectivity, which in turn has serious implications, it is essential that the auxiliary dental staff must be educated, empowered and provided appropriate and relevant knowledge of the disease.To assess the level of awareness regarding COVID-19 among auxiliary dental staff in a Tertiary Dental Care Centre in Kerala. A cross sectional survey was conducted among all the auxillary staff in a tertiary dental care centre by an online questionnaire through google forms. Details regarding demographic data, knowledge about the spread, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and safety practices related to COVID-19 were obtained after getting an online informed consent. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were done. Associations and differences were considered significant when the p value was less than 0.05.The initial sample size was 50. Forty two participants completed the study. Out of the participants 36% (n=15) were below 40 years and were males. About 40.5% (n=17) had experience less than 5 years. Around 69% (n=23) of the participants had good knowledge regarding COVID 19. Statistically significant results were seen with mode of transmission of Covid 19 and age of the respondents (p value=.006);current treatment of Covid 19 and years of experience of the respondents (p value=.011).The study concluded that there is overall good awareness level among the participants of the study.

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Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university

10.31234/osf.io/2sc84 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula Odriozola-González ◽

Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez ◽

María Jesús Irurtia-Muñiz ◽

Rodrigo de Luis-García

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The University ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the university community during the first weeks of confinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. An online survey was fulfilled by 2530 members of the University of Valladolid, in Spain. Moderate to extremely severe scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were reported by 21.34%, 34.19% and 28.14% of the respondents, respectively. A total of 50.43% of respondents presented moderate to severe impact of the outbreak. Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. In order to provide timely crisis-oriented psychological services and to take preventive measures in future pandemic situations, mental health in university students should be carefully monitored.

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