scholarly journals Impact of straight to test pathways on time to diagnosis in oesophageal and gastric cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e000328
Author(s):  
James Andrew Jones ◽  
James Catton ◽  
Glen Howard ◽  
Paul Leeder ◽  
Lesley Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
Hospital Specialist ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

BackgroundCancer survival in the UK has doubled in the last 40 years; however, 1-year and 5-year survival rates are still lower than other countries. One cause may be a delay between referral into secondary care and subsequent investigation. We set out to evaluate the impact of a straight to test pathway (STTP) on time to diagnosis for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer.MethodsSix hospital Trusts across the East Midlands Clinical Network introduced a STTP enabling general practitioners to refer patients with suspected UGI cancer (oesophageal/gastric) for immediate investigation, without the need to see a hospital specialist first. Data were collected for all patients referred between 2013 and 2015 with suspected UGI cancer and stratified by STTP or traditional referral pathway. Overall time from referral to diagnosis was compared. Data from two Trusts who did not implement STTP acted as control.Results340 patients followed the STTP pathway and 495 followed the traditional route. STTP saved a mean of 7 days from referral to treatment (with a 95% CI of 3 to 11 days, p<0.008) and a mean of 16 days from referral to diagnosis, when compared with a traditional referral pathway. The number of diagnostic tests performed using STTP or traditional referral pathways were similar.ConclusionA STTP is associated with an overall reduction of 1 week from referral to treatment for UGI cancer. The approach is feasible and did not require more resource. Larger studies are required to assess whether this time saving translates into improved cancer outcomes.

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Cognition on the Founding and Survival of New Small Businesses

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hird
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneur ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on an investigation into nascent entrepreneurship. Developing and sustaining a new business is a complex and uncertain process, and different types of individuals react to this uncertainty in different ways. It is argued that cognitive factors play a crucial role. Validated and reliable psychometric instruments were administered to 119 nascent entrepreneurs in the UK. The respondents were tracked through the nascent phase, business launch and to six months after launch. The findings indicate that cognitive style is not a predictor of nascent entrepreneurship but that it is highly influential in the process of founding a business. Both intuitive and analytic nascent entrepreneurs started businesses and cognitive style did not affect survival rates, but the process of business formation and survival developed in different ways. Most research to date has argued that an intuitive cognitive style is associated with the necessary characteristics for launching an entrepreneurial venture. It is possible that this conclusion has been drawn because most studies have been conducted among existing entrepreneurs. The findings of the present study indicate that, at the nascent stage of entrepreneurship, and particularly among inexperienced nascent entrepreneurs, this assertion is open to challenge. An awareness of an entrepreneur's cognitive style may assist those who seek to support and advise the nascent entrepreneur, but may also help individual entrepreneurs to recognize their strengths and weaknesses and, so, to develop appropriate strategies for business launch and survival.

EP299 The impact of surgical approach on cervical cancer survival rates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gracia Segovia ◽  
A Casajuana Pérez ◽  
V González González ◽  
M Ramírez Mena ◽  
M Bellón del Amo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the impact of a regional UK feline neutering campaign

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 291-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J Robbins ◽  
Rachel A Casey ◽  
Jane Clements ◽  
Tim Gruffydd-Jones ◽  
Jane K Murray
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
June July ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Neutering is key to feline population control. Neutering campaigns provide education and/or financial assistance to encourage neutering. This study assessed the impact of the Cats Protection East Midlands Neutering Campaign (CPEMNC) on the proportion and ages of cats neutered. The CPEMNC, comprising of an outreach programme and voucher-based subsidised neutering scheme, began in June 2014. A convenience sample of owners who had attended 12 regional veterinary practices to complete a cat vaccination course in June/July 2014, or to have their cat neutered in October 2014 (CAMPAIGN) were compared with an equivalent control period in 2013 (CONTROL). Data collected by postal questionnaire revealed that the proportion of cats neutered by six months of age was significantly higher and the age at neutering significantly lower in the CAMPAIGN (n=134) versus the CONTROL groups (n=100). Results of multivariable logistic regression indicated cats were significantly more likely to be neutered by six months of age if they were in the CAMPAIGN group (OR 2.44) and male (OR 2.17), compared with in the CONTROL group and female. Further work is needed to evaluate factors important for campaign success and to explore the effectiveness of campaigns within the wider community and across the UK.

Pharmaceutical Innovation and U.S. Cancer Survival, 1992-2003: Evidence from Linked SEER-MEDSTAT Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of pharmaceutical innovation and other factors on the survival of U.S. cancer patients during the period 1992-2003. In particular, it investigates whether cancer survival rates increased more for those cancer sites that had the largest increases in the proportion of chemotherapy treatments that were "new" treatments. We control for other types of medical innovation, i.e. other pharmaceutical innovation, and innovation in surgical procedures, diagnostic radiology procedures, and radiation oncology procedures.Data on observed survival rates, the number of people diagnosed, mean age at diagnosis, and stage distribution are obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER public-use data. Estimates of rates of innovation in chemotherapy and other treatment and diagnostic procedures are constructed from the MEDSTAT MarketScan database and other data sources. Treatment innovation indicators based on MEDSTAT data are likely to be useful, albeit noisy, indicators of the treatment innovation experienced by patients in SEER registries. This sampling error is likely to bias the coefficients on the treatment innovation measures towards zero.We compute weighted least-squares estimates of 6 versions of a survival model, based on different survival intervals and functional forms. The chemotherapy vintage coefficient is positive and significant in every model. This indicates that the cancer sites whose chemotherapy vintage (measured by the share of post-1990 treatments) increased the most during the period 1992-2003 tended to have larger increases in observed survival rates, ceteris paribus.We estimate how much lower the survival rate from all cancer sites combined would have been during 1993-2001 in the absence of post-1992 chemotherapy innovation. The estimates indicate that chemotherapy innovation accounted for 74% of the increase in the 1-year observed survival rate for all cancer sites combined during the period 1992-2001. Chemotherapy innovation accounted for smaller fractions of the increases in the 2-year and 3-year observed survival rates for all cancer sites combined during the same period: 51% and 29%, respectively.The coefficients on measures of non-pharmaceutical medical innovation (in radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology, and surgery innovation) are generally not significant. However these measures may be less reliable than the drug innovation measure. They were based upon the year in which the AMA established a new procedure code, which may be a far less meaningful indicator of innovation than the year in which the FDA first approved a drug. This topic warrants further research.

scholarly journals How does chemotherapy treatment damage the prepubertal testis?

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. R209-R233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M Allen ◽  
Federica Lopes ◽  
Rod T Mitchell ◽  
Norah Spears
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Therapy Targets ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents ◽  
The Impact

Chemotherapy treatment is a mainstay of anticancer regimens, significantly contributing to the recent increase in childhood cancer survival rates. Conventional cancer therapy targets not only malignant but also healthy cells resulting in side effects including infertility. For prepubertal boys, there are currently no fertility preservation strategies in use, although several potential methods are under investigation. Most of the current knowledge in relation to prepubertal gonadotoxicity has been deduced from adult studies; however, the prepubertal testis is relatively quiescent in comparison to the adult. This review provides an overview of research to date in humans and animals describing chemotherapy-induced prepubertal gonadotoxicity, focusing on direct gonadal damage. Testicular damage is dependent upon the agent, dosage, administration schedule and age/pubertal status at time of treatment. The chemotherapy agents investigated so far target the germ cell population activating apoptotic pathways and may also impair Sertoli cell function. Due to use of combined chemotherapy agents for patients, the impact of individual drugs is hard to define, however, use of in vivo and in vitro animal models can overcome this problem. Furthering our understanding of how chemotherapy agents target the prepubertal testis will provide clarity to patients on the gonadotoxicity of different drugs and aid in the development of cytoprotective agents.

Upper gastrointestinal cancers

2007 ◽  
pp. 365-380
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Introduction 366 Oesophageal cancer 368 Gastric cancer 370 Small intestine and carcinoid tumours 372 Cancer of the liver (hepatocellular cancer) 374 Cancer of the gall bladder and bile ducts 376 Pancreatic cancer 378 Nursing management issues 380 The cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract are a diverse group of cancers accounting for around one fifth of all cancers diagnosed in the UK. Improved surgical treatment of early stage disease can offer excellent survival rates, but most patients will present with regional or advanced spread of the disease. The symptoms of many of the upper GI cancers are vague and non-specific and often occur late in the course of the disease. Combined with poor overall responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, this makes them difficult to treat; as a result long-term survival rates tend to be low....

The impact of the co-operative ethos on the creation of shared value: a case study of Lincolnshire Co-operative Society

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Considine ◽  
Martin Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Creating Shared Value ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the ways that a co-operative creates shared value for the community that it serves and works to define the concept of ‘Co-operative Advantage’ in a context where competitive advantage is more commonly discussed. It uses a case study approach, based on research conducted between 2008 and 2013 with the Lincolnshire Co-operative Society, in the East Midlands of the UK. The chapter details the co-operative’s approach, and contrasts it with that of a standard investor owned firm (IOF) model. It suggests that the co-operative identity and practices are effective in creating shared value, enhancing the co-operative’s competitiveness while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the wider community.

scholarly journals The impact of National Death Index linkages on population-based cancer survival rates in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Johnson ◽  
Hannah K. Weir ◽  
Aliza K. Fink ◽  
Robert R. German ◽  
Jack L. Finch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Its Impact on Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancer Management

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Shalini Fernando ◽  
Mesel Veli ◽  
Borzoueh Mohammadi ◽  
Andrew Millar ◽  
Khurum Khan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has left dramatic footprints on human health and economy. Cancer, whilst not an infective disease, is prevalent in epidemic proportions and cannot be pretermitted due to the impact of COVID-19. As we emanate from the second national lockdown in the UK with mixed feelings of hope and despair—due to vaccination and new COVID-19 variant, respectively—we reflect on the impact of the first wave on the provision on diagnosis and management of with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. This review provides a critical analysis of available literature on COVID-19 and its impact on cancer management in general and that of UGI cancers in particular.

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