scholarly journals Paediatric prehospital emergencies and restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000808
Author(s):  
Jelena Oulasvirta ◽  
Jussi Pirneskoski ◽  
Heini Harve-Rytsälä ◽  
Mitja Lääperi ◽  
Mikael Kuitunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Ambulance Transport ◽  
Mobile Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Seriously Ill

BackgroundChildren are less vulnerable to serious forms of the COVID-19 disease. However, concerns have been raised about children being the second victims of the pandemic and its control measures. Therefore, we wanted to study if the pandemic, the infection control measures and their consequences to the society projected to paediatric prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) contacts.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study concerning all children aged 0–15 years with EMS contacts in the Helsinki University Hospital area during 1 March 2020–31 May 2020 (study period) and equivalent periods in 2017–2019 (control periods). We analysed the demographic characteristics, time of EMS contact, reason for EMS contact, priority of the dispatch, reason for transportation, priority of transportation, if any consultations were made or additional units required, any medication or oxygen or fluids given, if intubation was performed, and whether paramedics took precautions when COVID-19 infection was suspected.ResultsThe number of paediatric EMS contacts decreased by 30.4% from mean of 1794 contacts to 1369 (p=0.003). The EMS contacts were more often due to trauma (+23.7%, p<0.05), dispatched in the most urgent category (+139.9%, p=0.001), additional help and the mobile intensive care unit were more frequently requested (+43.3%, p=0.040 and+46.3%, p=0.049, respectively). However, EMS contacts resulted less often in ambulance transport (−21.1%, p<0.001). Alarmingly, there were four deaths during the study period compared with 0–2 during the control periods.ConclusionsThe number of EMS contacts decreased during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the children encountered by the EMS were more seriously ill than during the control periods.

scholarly journals Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the emergency department by implementing a separate pathway for patients with respiratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulwah Alqahtani ◽  
Marzouqah Alanazi ◽  
Wajdan Alassaf ◽  
Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy ◽  
Muna Aljahany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Separate Pathway ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to describe the development and implementation of a separated pathway to check and treat patients with a suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the emergency department (ED) at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive longitudinal study from March to July 2020 by analyzing data of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 among ED visitors and healthcare workers in King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital. Results During the study period, a total of 1,182 swab samples were collected for testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of which 285 (24.1%) tested positive. Of the 285 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18 were healthcare workers and 267 were patients. As a result of using the respiratory pathway for COVID-19 patients, the hospital managed to limit transmission of SARS-CoV-2 not only between patients but also between patients and healthcare workers, while also containing the pandemic. There were no cases of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded among the patients who visited the ED or the flu clinic. All confirmed cases were community acquired and patients were cared for under constrained measures. Conclusions Implementing infection control measures and restricting those with respiratory symptoms to the ED pathway prevented nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ED.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species in an Irish university hospital: predominance of Acinetobacter genomic species 3

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Boo ◽  
F. Walsh ◽  
B. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
Central Pathology

A 30 month prospective study of Acinetobacter species encountered in the Central Pathology Laboratory of St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in such isolates. Acinetobacter genomic species 3 (AG3) was found to be the predominant Acinetobacter species (45/114, 39 %) in our institution. A total of 11 % of all Acinetobacter species (12/114) and 22 % of AG3 isolates (10/45) were carbapenem resistant. Carbapenem resistance was mediated by Ambler class D β-lactamase OXA-23 in all 12 isolates, with insertion sequence ISAba1 found upstream of bla OXA-23. ISAba1 was also found upstream of bla ADC-25, which encodes the enzyme AmpC, in an Acinetobacter baumannii isolate, and upstream of the aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase-encoding gene aacC2 in three AG3 isolates. Inter-species plasmidic transfer was most likely involved in the emergence and spread of bla OXA-23 among the Acinetobacter isolates within our institution. The emergence of carbapenem resistance was associated not only with prior carbapenem use but also with the use of other antimicrobial agents, most notably β-lactam/β-lactamase-inhibitor combinations. The study demonstrated the emerging trend of carbapenem resistance in the wider context of the Acinetobacter genus, and reiterated the paramount importance of the prudent use of antimicrobial agents, stringent infection control measures and resistance surveillance of pathogens.

scholarly journals Infant Case of Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri Urinary Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyppolite K Tchidjou ◽  
Bernard Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infant Case

Abstract Since 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly contagious with a high mortality rate. France has taken strict infection control measures. According to the report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, children are less affected with COVID-19 and seem to have less severe disease than adults. We reported the first confirmed infant case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri urinary infection in 6-week-old child admitted on 25 March 2020 with mild symptoms in the Pediatric COVID Unit of Amiens University Hospital, France.

Birth Incidence of Cerebral Palsy in Tripoli, Libya: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmed Atia ◽  
Aya Abogrein ◽  
Maram Alssoghaiar ◽  
Mawada Akroush ◽  
Mawada Alsagheer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Background Population

Background: Population-based data in Libya on prevalence of cerebral palsy are limited. This study aimed to assess trends in cerebral palsy among infancy or premature attending pediatric hospitals in Tripoli city, Libya. Methods: In this population-based study, a cross-sectional method was used to screen for cerebral palsy at the department of pediatrics in both Tripoli University Hospital, and Tripoli Pediatric Hospital during the period from march to December 2019. Specialist physicians confirmed the diagnosis, obtained family history, and determined the subtype and main causes. Results: Out of 200 suspected patients, 64 of them were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Incidence rate was 32%. Male children (n=33, 51.6%) were more affected than female (n=31, 48.4%). Regarding the mode of delivery, 34(53.1%) of patients were delivered normally by vaginal delivery, while 30(46.9%) of cases delivered by caesarian section. There were 9(14.1%) of cases preterm birth, whereas, most of the cases were full term 55(85.9%). Birth asphyxia was reported in 34 (53.1%) of cases. A total of 17(26.6%) of cases had genetic cause, 8(12.5%) of cases had history of neonatal infection (e.g. meningitis, congenital toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis), and 5(7.8%) of cases had other disorders including hyperthermia and asphyxia at late age. Conclusion: Given enhancements in neonatal survival, evidence of stability of cerebral palsy prevalence is encouraging. The persistence of higher cerebral palsy prevalence among children in Libya over time warrants further investigation.

Improved Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma-a Population Based Study on 13,376 Patients Diagnosed in Sweden 1973–2001.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2408-2408
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson ◽  
Ola Landgren ◽  
Paul Dickman ◽  
Asa Derolf ◽  
Magnus Bjorkholm
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Over the last decades there have been advances in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and prognosis has improved with the introduction of new treatment strategies. However, few studies have addressed the issue which patients benefit most from these therapeutic changes over the years. Aims: To evaluate relative survival in all diagnosed MM patients in Sweden 1973–2001 and relate the changes to age, sex and type of hospital where diagnosis was made. Methods: All patients with MM notified to the Swedish Cancer Register in 1973–2001 were followed up by record linkage to the nationwide Cause of Death Register. Survival analyses were performed by obtaining relative survival (RS) defined as the ratio of observed versus expected survival. The study period was divided arbitrarily to four calendar periods: 1973–1979, 1980–1986, 1987–1993, and 1994–2002. Patients were grouped according to age at diagnosis (0–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, and 80+), sex, and hospital category. RS was estimated using SAS (Cary, NC, USA) and excess mortality modelled using Poisson regression. Results: A total of 13,376 patients (7,114 males and 6,262 females, mean age 69.8 years, and 32% diagnosed at a university hospital) were diagnosed with MM in Sweden between January 1st 1973 and December 31st 2001. The overall one-year RS estimates were 73%, 78%, 80%, and 81%, respectively, for the four calendar periods. The overall five-year RS was 31%, 32%, 34%, and 36% and the ten-year RS remained stable at 12%, 11% 13% in the first three periods; ten-year RS could not be calculated for the last calendar period. The increase in one-year RS was observed in all age categories over the four calendar periods, while the increase in five-year RS was restricted to patients <70 years. Younger age at onset was associated with a superior survival in all calendar periods. Differences in survival by age at diagnosis and calendar period were highly statistically significant (p<0.0001). Females had a superior 1- (p=0.002), 5- (p=0.024), and 10-year RS (p=0.019) compared to males, after adjusting for age and period. Patients diagnosed at university hospitals had superior 5- and 10-year RS (p=0.007) but not 1-year RS. Summary/conclusions: The present study shows an improved prognosis over time in a population-based study including > 13,000 MM patients diagnosed during a 29-year period. Of interest is that even one-year RS has improved in all age groups over the whole study period. Increase in five-year RS was only observed in patients aged <70 years. The ten-year RS did not improve over the first 20 years and could not be estimated for patients diagnosed in the last period. Younger age at diagnosis was associated with superior one-, five- and ten-year RS in all calendar periods. Females had a significantly better survival than males. A significant difference in survival was seen according to type of hospital, with patients diagnosed at a university hospital surviving longer. In conclusion, the results show that survival of MM patients has improved during the study period. However, long-term survival has not improved significantly. Males, elderly patients and patients diagnosed during early calendar periods experienced higher excess mortality.

scholarly journals Nurses Practice Regarding Infection Control Measures during The Second Stage of Labor: A Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Somia F. E. Fahmi ◽  
Zeinab A. A. Baraia ◽  
Inaam H. Abdelati
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Practice ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Infection prevention remains a significant public health challenge for healthcare systems, especially in maternity and delivery units. Good understanding and compliance of nurses with infection control measures during delivery are essential factors that improve maternal and neonatal outcomes and decrease morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' practice regarding infection control measures during the second stage of labor in multiple centers. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study was adopted in this study. The study population included all nurses working in labor rooms of four hospitals (100 nurses), namely Suez Canal University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismailia General Hospital, And Zagazig General Hospital. Data collection tool encompassed a structured interviewing questionnaire to assess nurses' general characteristics, physical and organizational barriers that prevent nurses from complying with infection control measures, infection control practice checklist to assess nurses` compliance with infection control measures during the second stage of labor. Results: The highest percentage of the studied nurses' age was between 19-<29 (56.6%, 63.8%). Near half were technical nurses (43.4%, 44.7%). The majority of the studied nurses had not had periodic checks. Also, most of them were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B (86.8%, 91.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between Ismalia and Zagazig hospitals in physical barriers. The highest mean percent for infection control practice was for perineal care 100%, using the invasive device during labor 92%, preparing birthing room and its equipment 75.9%. A satisfactory infection control practice was revealed among 88% of the studied nurses. The satisfactory practice of nurses was 100%, 92.1%, 86.9%, 44.1% in Zagazig General Hospital, Ismalia University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismalia General Hospital, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that most nurses' practice regarding infection control in the delivery room was satisfactory. The study recommended upgrading and qualifying nurses in the labor room to improve their practical skills in Obstetric Nursing.

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