Smoking and lung function among adults with newly onset asthma

IntroductionSmoking increases the risk of asthma and reduces lung function among subjects with and without asthma. We assessed the effects of smoking on lung function reflecting both central and small airways among adults with newly onset asthma.MethodsIn a population-based study, 521 (response rate 86%) working-aged adults with clinically defined newly diagnosed asthma answered a questionnaire on personal smoking and other factors potentially influencing lung function, and performed spirometry. We applied multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the relations between smoking and lung function adjusting for confounding.ResultsAmong asthmatics, FEV1 level was reduced significantly, on average 208 mL, related to regular smoking (adjusted effect estimate −0.208, 95% CI −0.355 to −0.061) and 245 mL in relation to former smoking, that is, among those who quit less than a year ago (−0.245, 95% CI −0.485 to −0.004). In contrast, FEV1 was not significantly related to occasional smoking or former smoking among those who quit over a year ago. Forced expiratory flow (FEF) levels (L/s) were also significantly reduced among regular smokers (FEF25–75%: −0.372, 95% CI −0.607 to −0.137; FEF50%: −0.476, 95% CI −0.750 to −0.202). An exposure–response pattern related to both daily smoking rate and lifetime cumulative smoking was seen both among men and women.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that among working-aged adults with new asthma, regular smoking and former smoking reduce lung function levels with a dose–response pattern. The lung function parameters applied as outcomes reflect both larger and smaller airways.

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The Association Between Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Later Life

Current Aging Science ◽

10.2174/1874609812666190614104328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Yadollah A. Momtaz ◽

Tengku A. Hamid ◽

Mohamad F. Bagat ◽

Maryam Hazrati

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Later Life ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Long Term Treatment

Introduction: Although diabetes through several possible mechanisms such as increased microvascular pathology and inefficiency of glucose utilization during cognitive tasks can be associated with cognitive impairment, there is inconclusive evidence that shows elderly diabetic patients under therapy have higher cognitive function compared to their non-diabetics counterparts. The present study was conducted to elucidate the association between diabetes and cognitive function in later life. Methods: Data for this study, consisting of 2202 older adults aged 60 years and above, were taken from a population-based survey entitled “Identifying Psychosocial and Identifying Economic Risk Factor of Cognitive Impairment among Elderly. Data analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Version 23.0. Results: The mean of MMSE was found to be 22.67 (SD = 4.93). The overall prevalence of selfreported diabetes was found to be 23.6% (CI95%: 21.8% - 25.4%). The result of independent t-test showed diabetic subjects had a higher mean score of MMSE (M = 23.05, SD =4 .55) than their counterparts without diabetes (M = 22.55, SD = 5.04) (t = -2.13 p<.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that diabetes was not significantly associated with cognitive function, after controlling the possible confounding factors. Conclusions: The findings from the current study revealed that diabetes is not associated with cognitive decline. This study supports the findings that long-term treatment of diabetes may reduce the risk of cognitive decline. This finding may provide new opportunities for the prevention and management of cognitive decline.

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Do aggregates of multiple questions better capture overall fish consumption than summary questions?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000468 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 196-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kym Mina ◽

Lin Fritschi ◽

Matthew Knuiman

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fresh Fish ◽

Fresh Frozen

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intake estimates, validity and reliability of two summary questions to measure fish consumption with information from a detailed semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on fish consumption.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study. Participants completed an FFQ and provided blood samples for erythrocyte membrane eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) analysis. Aggregate measures of consumption of fresh/frozen/canned fish (fresh fish) and smoked/salted/dried fish (preserved fish) were generated from the FFQ and were compared with responses to the summary questions regarding intakes of similar items. Both methods were tested for validity, using correlation and linear regression techniques with EPA, and retest reliability.SettingPerth metropolitan area, Western Australia.SubjectsOne hundred and nine healthy volunteers of both sexes, aged 21–75 years.ResultsThe summary fresh fish measure underestimated frequency and grams per week given by the aggregate question by about 50%, while estimates from the summary preserved fish measure were approximately three times that of the aggregate measure. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the aggregates accounted for more of the variation in EPA levels, but the difference was minimal. Intra-class correlations confirmed that both methods were reliable.ConclusionsOur study indicates that extensive questioning results in different absolute intakes of fish compared with brief questioning, but does not add any information if ranking individuals according to overall consumption of fish.

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Being Praised for Prosocial Behaviors Longitudinally Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents: a Population-based Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-655527/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daiki Nagaoka ◽

Nanami Tomoshige ◽

Shuntaro Ando ◽

Masaya Morita ◽

Tomoki Kiyono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Partial Regression ◽

Heavy Burden

Abstract Background: Depression is highly prevalent and causes a heavy burden in adolescent life. Being praised for prosocial behavior might be a preventive factor because both being praised and prosocial behavior are protective against depression. Here, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between being praised for prosocial behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Methods: In Tokyo Teen Cohort study (TTC), an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study, we collected 3,171 adolescents’ data on self-reported experiences of being praised for prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and caregiver-evaluated prosocial behavior. Ten-year-old children were asked to freely describe answers to the question “What are you praised for?”. Only children who clearly answered that they were praised for their prosocial behavior were designated the “prosocial praise group”. The degree of depression at ages 10 and 12 was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), a self-report questionnaire about depression. Objective prosocial behavior of the 10-year-old children was assessed by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the SMFQ score at age 12 as the objective variable and being praised for prosocial behavior as the main explanatory variable, and the SMFQ score at age 10 and the objective prosocial behavior at age 10 were included as confounders.Results: Depressive symptoms (SMFQ scores) in the “prosocial praise group” were significantly lower than those in the other group both at age 10 (4.3 ± 4.4 vs 4.9 ± 4.6, p <0.001) and at age (3.4 ± 4.2 vs 4.0 ± 4.6, p <0.01). In the single regression analysis, the children who reported being praised for prosocial behavior at age 10 had significantly lower depressive symptoms at age 12 (partial regression variable: -0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.96, -0.17]). This association remained significant after adjusting for confounders, including baseline depressive symptoms (partial regression variable: -0.44, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.08]). Prosocial behavior alone was not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Being praised for prosocial behavior rather than objective prosocial behavior at 10 years of age predicted lower depressive symptoms two years later. Praise for adolescents’ prosocial behavior can be encouraged to prevent depression.

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The association of multimorbidity, loneliness, social exclusion and network size: findings from the population-based German Ageing Survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7741-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaja Kristensen ◽

Hans-Helmut König ◽

André Hajek

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Short Form ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Network Size ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regular Contact

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the association between multimorbidity and (i) loneliness, (ii) social exclusion and (iii) network size, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional data from a German representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over was used (N = 7604). Multimorbidity was indicated with the presence of two or more diseases. Self-rated loneliness was assessed with a short form of the validated De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and social exclusion was measured with a validated scale developed by Bude and Lantermann. Counts of important people in regular contact represented the network size of respondents. Results Multimorbidity was present in 68% of the sample. While controlling for potential confounders, multiple linear regression analysis yielded that multimorbidity was associated with increased loneliness (b = 0.08; p < 0.001) and increased social exclusion (b = 0.10; p < 0.01). Multimorbidity was also associated with an increased network size (b = 0.27; p < 0.001). Conclusion While there was an association between multimorbidity and increased social exclusion as well as increased loneliness, regressions also revealed an association between multimorbidity and an increased network size. Although the association between multimorbidity and our outcome measures is weak, its complex nature should be investigated further using a longitudinal approach.

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An assessment of forced expiratory volumes and flow rates in the detection of early ventilatory impairment in RN submariners

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-71-167 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 167-170

Author(s):

R. Herrmann ◽

G. M. Clifford ◽

D. J. Smith ◽

Caroline S. M. Searing

Keyword(s):

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Single Breath ◽

Forced Expiratory Flow ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

Highly Correlated

AbstractA prospective study of an early diagnostic test of small airway dysfunction, the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity, was carried out in 230 RN submariners. All the subjects were male caucasians, of whom 105 were smokers and 125 non-smokers. Measurements were performed using a single breath wedge spirometer (Vitalograph®) and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of the FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC%) and the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity (FEF75–85) obtained from the tracings in accordance with the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. Multiple linear regression analysis of these four measurements together with height, age and smoking habit showed age to be the most significant factor for FEF75–85, followed by height Height was the most significant factor for FVC and FEV1 followed by age. Age was the only significant factor for FEV1/FVC%. FEF75-85 was highly correlated with FEV1/FVC% (r = 0.72) and to a lesser extent with FEV1 and FVC (r = 0.70 and 0.37 respectively). In the presence of age and height no significant effect of smoking habit on FEF75–85 could be demonstrated. However when the FEV1/FYC%, age and smoking habit were examined, there was found to be a significantly greater decrease in FEV1/FYC% with age in the smokers. It would appear that in this study FEV1/FVC% is a more sensitive index of early obstructive changes induced by smoking than measurement of flow at low lung volumes.

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Association between the Type of Workplace and Lung Function in Copper Miners

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5928572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anna Skoczyńska ◽

Leszek Gruszczyński ◽

Anna Wojakowska ◽

Marek Ścieszka ◽

Barbara Turczyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Longitudinal Data Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sectional Analysis

The aim of the analysis was to retrospectively assess changes in lung function in copper miners depending on the type of workplace. In the groups of 225 operators, 188 welders, and 475 representatives of other jobs, spirometry was performed at the start of employment and subsequently after 10, 20, and 25 years of work. Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis software was used to estimate changes in group means for FEV1and FVC. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess an association between workplace and lung function. Lung function assessed on the basis of calculation of longitudinal FEV1 (FVC) decline was similar in all studied groups. However, multiple linear regression model used in cross-sectional analysis revealed an association between workplace and lung function. In the group of welders, FEF75 was lower in comparison to operators and other miners as early as after 10 years of work. Simultaneously, in smoking welders, the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower than in nonsmokers (p< 0,05). The interactions between type of workplace and smoking (p< 0,05) in their effect on FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF50 were shown. Among underground working copper miners, the group of smoking welders is especially threatened by impairment of lung ventilatory function.

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Childhood wheezing phenotypes influence asthma, lung function and exhaled nitric oxide fraction in adolescence

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.00718-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 510-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Liesbeth Duijts ◽

Raquel Granell ◽

Jonathan A.C. Sterne ◽

A. John Henderson

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Lung Function ◽

Latent Class ◽

Late Onset ◽

Population Based ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Lower Lung ◽

Forced Expiratory Flow

The objective of this study was to examine the associations of childhood wheezing phenotypes with asthma, lung function and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) in adolescence.In a population-based, prospective cohort study of 6841 children, we used latent class analysis to identify wheezing phenotypes during the first 7 years of life. Physician-diagnosed asthma, spirometry and FeNO were assessed at 14–15 years.Compared with never/infrequent wheeze, intermediate-onset and persistent wheeze were consistently strongest associated with higher risk of asthma (risk ratio (95% CI) 10.9 (8.97–13.16) and 9.13 (7.74–10.77), respectively), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (mean difference in standard deviation units (SDU) (95% CI) −0.34 (−0.54– −0.14) and −0.50 (−0.62– −0.38), respectively), lower forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) (mean difference in SDU (95% CI) −0.30 (−0.49– −0.10) and −0.42 (−0.54– −0.30), respectively) and increased FEV1 bronchodilator reversibility (mean difference in SDU (95% CI) 0.12 (0.02–0.22) and 0.13 (0.06–0.19), respectively). Prolonged early and persistent wheeze were associated with a decline in FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25–75% between 8–9 and 14–15 years. Intermediate-onset, late-onset and persistent wheeze were associated with higher FeNO ratios (ratio of geometric means (95% CI) 1.90 (1.59–2.29), 1.57 (1.39–1.77) and 1.37 (1.22–1.53), respectively, compared with never/infrequent wheeze).Early-onset wheezing phenotypes persisting after 18 months of age show the strongest associations with asthma, lower lung function, even worsening from mid-childhood, and higher FeNO levels in adolescence.

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Transferrin saturation concentrations associated with telomeric ageing: a population-based study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001696 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (12) ◽

pp. 1693-1701 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chol Shin ◽

Inkyung Baik

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Coefficient Estimate ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThere are limited data on the association between Fe overload and leucocyte telomere length (LTL), known as a useful biomarker of the replicative ageing of cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between Fe-status biomarkers and LTL. A cross-sectional study included 1174 men and women aged 50–79 years who provided blood samples for assays of Fe-status biomarkers including ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), total Fe-binding capacity (TIBC) and relative LTL. They were free of hepatitis, potential infection or Fe deficiency. In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding variables, log-transformed LTL was positively associated with TIBC (adjusted coefficient estimate for its highest quartile: 0·17 (se 0·03), P<0·001) and inversely associated with TSAT (adjusted coefficient estimate for its third and fourth quartiles: −0·09 (se 0·03), P<0·01). These associations were consistent after additional adjustment for serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. In particular, participants with not only abnormally high concentrations (>45 %) but also with high-normal concentrations (35–45 %) of TSAT had shorter LTL compared with those with low-normal concentrations (<30 %) (P<0·05). We also observed that less-active or obese persons with high TSAT concentrations had shorter LTL than others. Our findings that cellular ageing is influenced not only by Fe overload but also by high-normal concentrations of TSAT support the hypothesis regarding the detrimental effects of labile Fe, which has a potent pro-oxidant activity in the body.

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Visceral adiposity index is associated with lung function impairment: a population-based study

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-020-01599-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sunyue He ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Xiaoyong Li ◽

Hongxia Gu ◽

Qing Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Lung Function ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Lung Function Impairment

Abstract Background The effects of visceral adiposity on decreased lung function have drawn much attention. Recently, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been proposed as a visceral fat distribution and dysfunction marker. However, the relationship between the VAI and lung function has not been investigated. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between the VAI and lung function and evaluate the potential of VAI as a predictor of lung function. Methods We collected data from a population-based study of 1786 subjects aged 40 years or older. All subjects completed a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Linear and logistic regression models were developed to assess the association between the VAI and lung function. Results The VAI was inversely related to FVC%predicted in men and negatively associated with both FVC%predicted and FEV1%predicted in women. In the linear regression analysis, the decrease in FVC%predicted associated with each 10% increase in the VAI was 1.127% in men and 1.943% in women; the decrease in FEV1%predicted associated with each 10%increase in the VAI was 0.663% in men and 1.738% in women. Further regression analysis revealed that the VAI was positively correlated with FVC and FEV1 impairment in women. Conclusions We were the first to show a clear correlation between the VAI and lung function impairment in the Chinese population. The VAI could be a simple and reliable approach in daily practice, and individuals, especially women with a high VAI, should receive additional screening and preventive interventions for respiratory disease.

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Visceral adiposity index is associated with lung function impairment: A population-based study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-59505/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sunyue He ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Xiaoyong Li ◽

Hongxia Gu ◽

Qing Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Lung Function ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Lung Function Impairment

Abstract Background: The effects of visceral adiposity on decreased lung function have drawn much attention. Recently, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been proposed as a visceral fat distribution and dysfunction marker. However, the relationship between the VAI and lung function has not been investigated. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between the VAI and lung function and evaluate the potential of VAI as a predictor of lung function.Methods: We enrolled data from a population-based study of 1786 subjects aged 40 years or older. All subjects completed a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Linear and logistic regression models were developed to assess the association between the VAI and lung function.Results: The VAI was inversely related to FVC%predicted in men and negatively associated with both FVC%predicted and FEV1%predicted in women. In the linear regression analysis, the decrease in FVC%predicted associated with a 1-SD increase in the VAI was 1.776% in men and 3.421% in women; the decrease in FEV1%predicted associated with a 1-SD increase in the VAI was 1.045% in men and 3.060% in women. Further regression analysis revealed that the VAI was positively correlated with FVC and FEV1 impairment in women.Conclusions: We were the first to show a clear correlation between VAI and lung function impairment in the Chinese population. The VAI could be a simple and reliable approach in daily practice, and individuals, especially women with a high VAI, should receive additional screening and preventive interventions for respiratory disease.

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