scholarly journals Value, challenges and practical considerations when designing, conducting and analysing a longitudinal qualitative study in family medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. e001283
Author(s):  
Marta Wanat ◽  
Anne-Marie Boylan ◽  
Aleksandra J Borek
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Longitudinal Qualitative Research

Qualitative longitudinal design has a long tradition in a variety of social science disciplines and is increasingly used in applied healthcare research, including family medicine. While there are many definitions of longitudinal qualitative research (LQR), its most common characteristics are multiple data collection points and its focus on temporality, which prioritise the study of change and continuity. Thus, LQR can provide insights into the nature, causes and consequences of change (or its absence). In this paper, we discuss the key steps and considerations related to designing and conducting LQR in family medicine and community health. These include (1) deciding on the length of data collection and timing and number of interviews, (2) planning recruitment: attrition versus oversampling, (3) approaching data collection: asking the same or different questions, (4) planning and conducting the analysis and writing up findings, and (5) conducting ethical LQR. We also highlight what LQR can offer family medicine and community health, including (1) allowing exploration of views and experiences of a variety of participants over time; (2) following participants through important transitions; (3) studying implementation of new practices, processes or interventions; (4) exploring the importance of historical change and/or macro context on individuals’ lives; and (5) developing a deeper understanding of phenomena under study. While a lot of attention has been paid to using LQR when studying patients’ and/or carers’ experiences, we highlight its value when studying a variety of actors relevant to family medicine, including healthcare professionals and policy makers.

scholarly journals Mixed methods and survey research in family medicine and community health

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000086 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Creswell ◽  
Mariko Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Integrate Survey

Many family medicine and community health researchers use surveys as an original research methodology. Our purpose is to illustrate how survey research provides an important form of quantitative research that can be effectively combined with qualitative data to form a mixed methods study. We first provide an overview of the key principles in survey research and in mixed methods research. We review the various ways that survey can be used in mixed methods studies, citing options such as beginning a study with a survey, using a survey as the second form of data collection, or combining a survey and a form of qualitative data in a single data collection procedure. Finally, we illustrate in a specific example six steps in conducting a mixed methods study using survey research. In a mixed methods study using a survey, primary care researchers should consider six steps. Step 1. Articulate the rationale for mixed methods study. Step 2. Detail quantitative and qualitative databases. Step 3. Identify a mixed methods design. Step 4. Analyse and report the results of the quantitative and qualitative databases. Step 5. Present and show integration. Step 6. Explicate the value of using mixed methods. The ability to combine and integrate survey research into a mixed methods study provides a more rigorous approach to research than conducting only a survey or conducting just a qualitative interview. While requiring skills beyond traditional survey approaches, surveys in primary care offers an opportunity for a high level of sophistication in research methodology.

Integration of statistical and administrative agricultural data from Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emily Berg ◽  
Johgho Im ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Colin Lewis-Beck ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Using Data

Statistical and administrative agencies often collect information on related parameters. Discrepancies between estimates from distinct data sources can arise due to differences in definitions, reference periods, and data collection protocols. Integrating statistical data with administrative data is appealing for saving data collection costs, reducing respondent burden, and improving the coherence of estimates produced by statistical and administrative agencies. Model based techniques, such as small area estimation and measurement error models, for combining multiple data sources have benefits of transparency, reproducibility, and the ability to provide an estimated uncertainty. Issues associated with integrating statistical data with administrative data are discussed in the context of data from Namibia. The national statistical agency in Namibia produces estimates of crop area using data from probability samples. Simultaneously, the Namibia Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry obtains crop area estimates through extension programs. We illustrate the use of a structural measurement error model for the purpose of synthesizing the administrative and survey data to form a unified estimate of crop area. Limitations on the available data preclude us from conducting a genuine, thorough application. Nonetheless, our illustration of methodology holds potential use for a general practitioner.

Why and How We Need to Fill Criminal Justice Data Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
Arthur Rizer ◽  
Dan King
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Silver Bullet

For the past 50 plus years the United States has been debating the very nature of our criminal justice system. Are we too lenient? Are we too vindictive? Do we give too much power to our cops and prosecutors or too many protections to defendants? But maybe most important, is there a better way? Can we ensure we have both safety and dignity built into our system? These questions are extremely difficult for law makers to answer because of the moral implications involved with crime and punishment, but also because of one glaring weakness: data sharing and reporting. We simply do not have comprehensive data collection systems for policy makers to draw on to design interventions that can protect public safety and help heal community wounds. While there is no silver bullet that will fix these problems, we believe attention should be paid to: 1) fixing inconsistencies in key terms so data collection can be universal, 2) fixing the issues with delayed reporting so the data we have is up to date for researchers and policy makers, and 3) addressing issues with inadequate and inconsistent data storage so not only will the data be available but assessable to those who can use it to improve the system.

Success and failure: a case study of two rural telemedicine projects

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Whitten ◽  
Inez Adams
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Telemedicine Application ◽  
Clinical Utilization ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Collection Strategies

We studied two rural telemedicine projects in the state of Michigan: one that enjoyed success and steady growth in activity, and one that experienced frustration and a lack of clinical utilization. Multiple data collection strategies were employed during study periods, which lasted approximately one year. Both projects enjoyed a grassroots approach and had dedicated project coordinators. However, the more successful project benefited from resources and expertise not available to the less successful project. In addition, the more successful project possessed a more formalized organizational structure for the telemedicine application. A comparison of the two projects leads to a simple conclusion. Telemedicine programmes are positioned within larger health organizations and do not operate in a vacuum. It is crucial that the organization in which it is intended to launch telemedicine is examined carefully first. Each organization operates within a larger environment, which is often constrained by fiscal, geographical and personnel factors. All these will affect the introduction of telemedicine.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY EDUCATION RELATED TO THE USE OF FAMILY MEDICINE PLANTS IN VILLAGE GIRIAWAS, GARUT DISTRICT, JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Framesti Frisma Sriarumtias
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Community Education ◽  
West Java ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
The People

Community service this time aims to motivate the community to utilize the house yard into land for family medicinal plants (TOGA). The method used is in the form of counseling and data collection on plants that are usually planted by residents. Counseling is done by lecturing by distributing reading material in the form of material handouts delivered. And data collection is done by discussing with the people who attended the event. The target of this service is the women of recitation in Giri Ayu Village, Giriawas Village, Garut Regency, West Java. The results of this community service are able to understand related to the utilization of family medicinal plants that can be used for prevention.

scholarly journals Countering Epistemological Exclusion Through Critical-Ethical Research to Support Social Justice

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-210
Author(s):  
Kaz Stuart ◽  
Marnee Shay
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Methods Of Measurement

The dominance of neoliberalism in the west such as Australia and the UK and its insistence on impact measurement can lead researchers into an unquestioning adoption of scientific methods of measurement and data collection. We argue that if methods are not appropriate for the participants or context they are likely to reproduce existing societal inequities and positions of marginalisation and powerlessness. The theoretical position for fit-for-purpose research and evaluation tools, and specifically for social science methods is put forward theoretically and substantiated with cases drawn from diverse communities in Australia and the UK. Further, we will use autoethnography to share our experiences to argue that any research or evaluation endeavour should have as many benefits for the participants as for the researchers and wider stakeholders, a measure we argue should be the acid test for research ethics. The implications of these findings for researchers, evaluators, practitioners and policy makers are drawn out.

scholarly journals Data-collection strategy for challenging native SAD phasing

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Olieric ◽  
Tobias Weinert ◽  
Aaron D. Finke ◽  
Carolin Anders ◽  
Dianfan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Data Collection Strategy ◽  
Sad Phasing ◽  
Anomalous Signal ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
Low X

Recent improvements in data-collection strategies have pushed the limits of native SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) phasing, a method that uses the weak anomalous signal of light elements naturally present in macromolecules. These involve the merging of multiple data sets from either multiple crystals or from a single crystal collected in multiple orientations at a low X-ray dose. Both approaches yield data of high multiplicity while minimizing radiation damage and systematic error, thus ensuring accurate measurements of the anomalous differences. Here, the combined use of these two strategies is described to solve cases of native SAD phasing that were particular challenges: the integral membrane diacylglycerol kinase (DgkA) with a low Bijvoet ratio of 1% and the large 200 kDa complex of the CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9) bound to guide RNA and target DNA crystallized in the low-symmetry space groupC2. The optimal native SAD data-collection strategy based on systematic measurements performed on the 266 kDa multiprotein/multiligand tubulin complex is discussed.

FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ying Lim ◽  
Abdul Lateef Olanrewaju ◽  
Seong Yeow Tan ◽  
Jia En Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Bartlett’S Test

Affordable housing has been defined as housing which is adequate in quality and location. In addition to this, it is deemed to be housing that is not so costly that it prevents its occupants from meeting their basic living needs. This study aims to develop a framework to facilitate affordable housing delivery. The data collection used was a survey questionnaire. The survey was administered to occupants within five high-rise buildings in Penang. The study also utilized a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.518, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity of (x2 (210) = 10953.982, p<0.001). The two statistical test discovered that the major determinants affecting demand for affordable housing were crime rates, housing prices and down payments. The results also demonstrated that six factors were successfully constructed using a factor analysis and assigned as factors that determined the demand for affordable housing. The research will be useful to policy makers, urban planners, developers, and contractors.

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