FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ying Lim ◽  
Abdul Lateef Olanrewaju ◽  
Seong Yeow Tan ◽  
Jia En Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Bartlett’S Test

Affordable housing has been defined as housing which is adequate in quality and location. In addition to this, it is deemed to be housing that is not so costly that it prevents its occupants from meeting their basic living needs. This study aims to develop a framework to facilitate affordable housing delivery. The data collection used was a survey questionnaire. The survey was administered to occupants within five high-rise buildings in Penang. The study also utilized a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.518, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity of (x2 (210) = 10953.982, p<0.001). The two statistical test discovered that the major determinants affecting demand for affordable housing were crime rates, housing prices and down payments. The results also demonstrated that six factors were successfully constructed using a factor analysis and assigned as factors that determined the demand for affordable housing. The research will be useful to policy makers, urban planners, developers, and contractors.

scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ying Lim ◽  
Abdullateef Olanrewaju ◽  
Seong Yeow Tan ◽  
Jia En Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Bartlett’S Test

Affordable housing has been defined as housing which is adequate in quality and location. In addition to this, it is deemed to be housing that is not so costly that it prevents its occupants from meeting their basic living needs. This study aims to develop a framework to facilitate affordable housing delivery. The data collection used was a survey questionnaire. The survey was administered to occupants within five high-rise buildings in Penang. The study also utilized a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.518, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity of (x2 (210) = 10953.982, p<0.001). The two statistical test discovered that the major determinants affecting demand for affordable housing were crime rates, housing prices and down payments. The results also demonstrated that six factors were successfully constructed using a factor analysis and assigned as factors that determined the demand for affordable housing. The research will be useful to policy makers, urban planners, developers, and contractors.

scholarly journals Religious Harmony Among Multi-Religious society in Perak, Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Mohd Ikhwan Izzat Zulkefli ◽  
Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut ◽  
Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Religious harmony between different religious adherents is important in determining social peace and harmony in a plural country like Malaysia. The failure to ensure religious harmony can disrupt political and national stability. Hence, all parties, including policy makers, religious leaders and society should work together to strengthen inter-religious relations. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of religious harmony in Perak. It used a survey questionnaire as an instrument for data collection in which data from a total of 44 respondents were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 software. The findings generally revealed that all dimensions of religious harmony were at a moderately high level. Surprisingly, the findings also showed that ‘Understanding’, ‘Cooperation’ and ‘Stable Conflict’ were recorded as the highest mean score for the Hindu group, while ‘Peacefulness’, Acceptance’, ‘Understanding’, and ‘Right and Justice’ were recorded as the lowest mean score for the Buddhist group. The study offers a valid measurement to determine the level of religious harmony that will advise the government to take appropriate measures to mitigate religious conflict and promote mutual understanding within multi-religious society.

scholarly journals Customer Awareness of Shariah Compliant Hotels (Study on Hotel Customers in Malang)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fathoni ◽  
Budi Eko Soetjipto ◽  
Puji Handayati
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
Customer Acceptance ◽  
The City

This study aims to describe and analyze comprehensively and in detail the factors that are considered by customers in choosing hotels that comply with sharia principles in Malang City. This type of research is quantitative research. The data collection method used by researchers is the survey method. Respondents in this study were 171 sharia hotel consumers in Malang City. The data collected by questionnaire. The statistical test used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results showed that there are 9 factors considered by customers in choosing a hotel that is in accordance with sharia principles in the city of Malang, namely Sharia Compliant Concept, Information, Sharia Service, Customer Acceptance, Reference, Needs, Experience Anda Art

Ethical Responsibilities of Brick and Mortar Retailers

Think India ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Bodh Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Ethical Responsibilities

Retailers have ethical responsibilities in their dealings with different stakeholders. All the stakeholders have expectations from retailers and the retailers in obligation to fulfil their expectations in an ethical manner. Retailers have ethical responsibility towards customers, employees, suppliers, financers, competitors, government, and the community as a whole. In fact, some researchers have conceptualised responsibilities of retailers but the in-depth empirical investigation has not yet done. The study empirically examines the ethical responsibilities of brick and mortar retailers towards various stakeholders. The data were obtained from 200 retailers through a self-designed schedule. The exploratory factor analysis extracted ten factors out of various variables representing ethical responsibilities of retailers towards different stakeholders. The results indicate that brick and mortar retailers are moderately ethical towards various stakeholders. The present study will be highly beneficial for the researchers, retailers, customers, regulatory bodies and policy makers for new insights and better regulation.

On the Dimensionality of Measuring Tourist Satisfaction towards Homestay

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangaram Biswakarma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on measuring tourist satisfaction towards home stay. This paper emphasized to identify the variables that are related to tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. It is also focused on analyzing the relationship and impact of these latent construct of factors to overall tourist satisfaction towards home stay. In an attempt to visualize the purpose, tourists satisfaction in a homestay in Nepal has taken into as a case, with an aim to identify the underlying dimensions of tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. Twenty six (26) manifest variables of homestay has been formulated to understand the dimensions. Likewise, for a conforming the latent construct (1) statement as dependent variable of overall satisfaction was developed for the purpose of the primary data collection. The manifest variables are basically focused on aspects of home stay attributes namely cultural attraction, hospitality, amenities and safety & security at the home stay destination. Post Exploratory Factor Analysis indicates factor loading for twenty two (22) items manifest variables as significant, loaded with five (5) factors of home stay attributes named as Amenities & Safety, Reception, Local Cuisine & Accommodation, Local Life style & Costumes, and Cultural Performance. This study contributes to the development of survey instrument for exploring tourist satisfaction for Home stay for future researchers.

scholarly journals Measurement of empathy among health professionals during Syrian crisis using the Syrian empathy scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayssoon Dashash ◽  
Mounzer Boubou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Empathy Score ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Empathy Scale

Abstract Background Health professionals should have certain degree of empathy to eliminate the pain and suffering of their patients. There is a need to design a scale, which can assess empathy among health professionals and is relevant to community and culture. Therefore, this study was undertaken to measure the empathy among Syrian health professionals and students of health professions using a newly designed Syrian Empathy Scale that is relevant to community during Syrian crisis. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken. A total of 214 participants (118 males and 96 females) responded to the Syrian Empathy Scale SES from Medical (n = 62), Dental (n = 152). They were 59 undergraduates, 116 postgraduates and 39 general practitioners. The SES was designed as a tool that includes 20 items in a 7-point Likert-type scale with overall score ranges from 20 to 140. Group comparisons of the empathy scores were conducted using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A factor analysis was performed. Bartlett’s test of the sphericity and the KMO measure of sampling adequacy were also determined. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. Results A significant difference was found between males and females in the SES mean score. The ANOVA analysis showed that the SES empathy scores of dentists were higher than the SES empathy scores in medical doctors with no significant difference. The SES empathy score of undergraduates was significantly higher than postgraduates and practitioners. Findings of KMO indicated sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.824 > 0.7) and the value of Bartlett’s test of the sphericity (1255.65, df = 190, P-value< 0.001) proved that the factor analysis is meaningful and acceptable. The results of varimax rotation proved that five main factors were retained. Conclusion Findings of this study support the reliability of the newly designed Syrian Empathy Scale for measuring empathy in the field of health care. The SES can be suggested for assessing empathy in different health educational programs. However, future works are still essential to support the validity of the scale as well as to ascertain the role of empathy in improving health care.

Why and How We Need to Fill Criminal Justice Data Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
Arthur Rizer ◽  
Dan King
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Silver Bullet

For the past 50 plus years the United States has been debating the very nature of our criminal justice system. Are we too lenient? Are we too vindictive? Do we give too much power to our cops and prosecutors or too many protections to defendants? But maybe most important, is there a better way? Can we ensure we have both safety and dignity built into our system? These questions are extremely difficult for law makers to answer because of the moral implications involved with crime and punishment, but also because of one glaring weakness: data sharing and reporting. We simply do not have comprehensive data collection systems for policy makers to draw on to design interventions that can protect public safety and help heal community wounds. While there is no silver bullet that will fix these problems, we believe attention should be paid to: 1) fixing inconsistencies in key terms so data collection can be universal, 2) fixing the issues with delayed reporting so the data we have is up to date for researchers and policy makers, and 3) addressing issues with inadequate and inconsistent data storage so not only will the data be available but assessable to those who can use it to improve the system.

scholarly journals Marketing, management and financial providing of affordable housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ianchuk ◽  
Olga Garafonova ◽  
Yuliia Panimash ◽  
Dariusz Pawliszczy
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Per Capita

Today’s rising housing prices in most countries worldwide have caused increasable attention to the problem of affordable housing. It is a social or ethical issue and an essential economic direction. Thus, affordable housing has great potential, influencing economic growth, labor forces, innovation, sustainable development, and an inclusive economy. Systematization of informational sources, theoretical and practical approaches for providing affordable housing, and assessing social housing needs indicated many views on this problem among scholars and policymakers. That is why marketing, management, and financial providing of affordable housing are significant mainstreams. The research aims to investigate marketing and management fundamentals of providing affordable housing in connection with funding aspects based on cross-country analysis. For achieving this target, key trends of housing market segmentation were analyzed, considering the distribution of the population by tenure status and analytical house price indicators using the data of the statistical office of the EU, the World Bank, and the OECD. The ways to promote more affordable housing by public and local authorities, private investors in affordable housing, and specific social and affordable housing market organizations were described. Main organizational forms of providing affordable and social housing were also characterized. Particular attention was paid to strategic planning for affordable and social housing, especially housing business plans or affordable housing strategy development as a priority step in marketing, management, and financial providing affordable housing. A SWOT analysis for affordable housing developments was used to show strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the affordable housing market. To empirically confirm some relevant strengths, the impact of indicators of financial providing of affordable housing was formalized based on correlation analysis (calculating Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients with time lags based on results of Shapiro-Wilk testing) and construction of Arellano–Bond linear dynamic panel-data regression model with checking the Sargan test of overidentifying restrictions (the sample from 25 EU countries for 2011–2019) using the Excel 2010 and STATA 14.2 software. The dynamic model made it possible to consider the share of affordable housing owners with mortgage or loan or the share of tenants, rent affordable housing at a reduced price or free. The value of GDP of the previous period affects the current situation (due to introducing lag variables and using instrumental variables or the generalized method of moments (GMM) to obtain adequate estimates). The hypothesis that an increase of 1% of the share of affordable housing owners with mortgage or loan causes the rise in GDP per capita of an average of 0.44% with a two-year time lag was empirically confirmed. An increase of 1% of the share of tenants, rent-free housing or affordable housing at the reduced price, causes the decrease of GDP per capita of an average of 0.5% with a two-year time lag. It was substantiated that governments should continue and improve their policies for financing social and affordable housing. At the same time, they should prefer affordable mortgage lending programs over programs of reduced or free rental housing. The results of this research confirm the significant drivers of policies and practices devoted to affordable and social housing, such as marketing, management, and financial providing. The presented recommendations are useful for scholars interested in this scientific field of research, public and local authorities, investors in affordable housing, and specific affordable and social housing organizations.

scholarly journals Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale for use in Sri Lankan Adolescents: a cross sectional modification and validation study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttara Amilani ◽  
Prasanna Jayasekara ◽  
Irosha R Perera ◽  
Hannah E Carter ◽  
Sameera Senanayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Oral Impact ◽  
Bartlett’S Test

Abstract Background Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) surveys play an important role in understanding subjective patient experiences in oral health care. The Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale is a validated OHRQoL tool that measures the impact and extent to which an individual’s daily activities may be compromised by their oral health. It is commonly used to facilitate oral health service planning. The aim of this study was to modify and validate a Sinhalese version of the OIDP for use in Sri Lankan adolescents. Methods The stage I involved cultural adaptation of the tool through translation and modification. After translation and cultural adaptation, the modified OIDP was tested on 220, 15-19 year secondary school students in the Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. The adolescents completed the modified OIDP scale along with questions on self-reported perceived oral health problems and treatment need which were used to assesses the concurrent validity of the modified OIDP scale. Stage II and III involved the exploring factor structure, validation and a reliability assessment. Factorability was assessed by inspection of correlation matrix and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity tests as a measure of sampling adequacy. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis method and factors were rotated using the oblimin method. Results 220 adolescents participated in factor analysis and validation studies. The most prevalent oral health impact related to chewing and enjoying foods, reported by 36.8% of respondents The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.87 and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity was significant (p<0.001) Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.88, indicating a high level of internal consistency. The principal component analysis produced two factors with Eigen values ranging from 1.12 to 4.40, explaining 70.0% of total variance. Concurrent validity was satisfactory as the OIDP score increased when the adolescents’ perceived oral health decreased.Conclusion This study showed that the modified OIDP scale is applicable for use among adolescents in Sri Lanka. It has promising psychometric properties but further research is required to use this tool in other cohorts.

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