scholarly journals Corpus callosum in schizophrenia with deficit and non-deficit syndrome: a statistical shape analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. e100635
Author(s):  
Yaşar Türk ◽  
Ilker Ercan ◽  
Ibrahim Sahin ◽  
Basak Erdemli Gursel ◽  
Arda Uzunoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Shape ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Gradient Echo Imaging ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cognitive Data

BackgroundThe corpus callosum (CC) is the most targeted region in the cerebrum that integrates cognitive data between homologous areas in the right and left hemispheres.AimsOur study used statistical analysis to determine whether there was a correlation between shape changes in the CC in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) (deficit syndrome (DS) and non-deficit syndrome (NDS)) and healthy control (HC) subjects.MethodsThis study consisted of 27 HC subjects and 50 schizophrenic patients (20 with DS and 30 with NDS). 3 patients with DS and 4 patients with NDS were excluded. Three-dimensional, sagittal, T1-spoiled, gradient-echo imaging was used. Standard anatomical landmarks were selected and marked on each image using specific software.ResultsAs to comparing the Procrustes mean shapes of the CC, statistically significant differences were observed between HC and SZ (DS+NDS) (p=0.017, James’s Fj=73.732), HC and DS (p<0.001, James’s Fj=140.843), HC and NDS (p=0.006, James’s Fj=89.178) and also DS and NDS (p<0.001, James’s Fj=152.967). Shape variability in the form of CC was 0.131, 0.085, 0.082 and 0.086 in the HC, SZ (DS+NDS), DS and NDS groups, respectively.ConclusionsThis study reveals callosal shape variations in patients with SZ and their DS and NDS subgroups that take into account the CC’s topographic distribution.

scholarly journals Marker-Based Method for Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Upper Body Kinematics of Violinists and Violists: Development and Clinical Feasibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Wolf ◽  
Dirk Möller ◽  
Nikolaus Ballenberger ◽  
Karsten Morisse ◽  
Kristoff Zalpour
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
The Right

AIMS: High string players (violin and viola) often suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. Although 3D motion analysis has proved helpful in diagnosing different musculoskeletal syndromes and identifying injurious movement patterns in violin and viola performance, more detailed analyses of upper body movement strategies and especially of the shoulder complex have not yet been recorded. The use of spherical surface markers on some anatomical landmarks is, however, inappropriate when an instrument is being played. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel marker-based method for analyzing upper body kinematics of high string players using conditions specific to violin and viola playing. METHODS: A custom upper body marker set was developed and a biomechanical model applied to 3D motion capture data of the pelvis, thorax, spine, head, and both upper limbs (scapula, upper arm, forearm, hand) of 12 professional violinists, to assess its clinical feasibility. FINDINGS: Lumbar and thoracic spine, thorax, neck, and left upper limb were quite static, while extensive motion occurred in the right upper limb. Most rotation angles showed a reasonable intersubject variability except for glenohumeral and wrist joints. Significant differences were observed between G- and D-string bowing, especially in the left wrist and right shoulder joints. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that the proposed method is a valid tool for quantifying upper body movements in violin and viola performance. With the extended upper body model, it will improve understanding of the motor strategies adopted by high string players and may contribute to injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

scholarly journals Bilateral Comparison of the Three-dimensional Configuration in the Normal Ankle Syndesmosis: A non-Weightbearing and Weightbearing CT-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0046
Author(s):  
Greg Tsarukian ◽  
Matthias Peiffer ◽  
Alexej Barg ◽  
Wouter Huysse ◽  
Yantarat Sripanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Ankle Trauma ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Three Dimensional Configuration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Weightbearing Ct

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmotic ankle injuries can be present in up to one-fifth of all ankle trauma and may lead to syndesmotic instability or posttraumatic ankle osteoarthirtis on the long term. It remains challenging to distinguish syndesmotic ankle injuries from other types of ankle trauma. Currently, diagnosis is based on plain radiographs by comparing 2D measurements of the injured to the non-injured side. However, it is unclear to what extent the 3D configuration of the normal ankle syndesmosis is symmetrical during non- or weightbearing conditions. Therefore, our aim was two-fold (1) to establish reference values based on three-dimensional side-to-side comparison of the normal ankle syndesmosis imaged by a non-weightbearing (NWBCT) and weightbearing CT (WBCT) (2) to compare measurements obtained from a NWBCT with those of a WBCT. Methods: In this retrospective comparative cohort study, patients with a NWBCT (N=38; Mean age=51+-17.4 years) and WBCT (N=43; Mean age=48+-14.3 years) were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were a bilateral NWBCT or WBCT of the foot and ankle between January 2016 and December 2018. Exclusion criteria consisted of hindfoot pathology and an age <18 years or >75 years. CT images were segmented to obtain 3D models. Computer Aided Design (CAD) operations were used to mirror the left ankle and superimpose it over the right ankle (Fig. 1A). The apex of the lateral malleolus (AML), anterior tubercle (ATF) and posterior tubercle (PTF) were determined. The difference in the coordinates attached to these anatomical landmarks of the left distal fibula in the ankle syndesmosis with respect to the right were used to establish reference values within two standard deviations. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare measurements from a NWBCT with a WBCT. Results: Reference values within two standard deviations are given for each 3D measurement derived from a NWBCT and WBCT-scan (Fig 1B). The highest difference in translation was detected in the anterior-posterior direction (Mean APNWBCT= 0.161mm; 2SD=3.212/ Mean APWBCT= -0.082mm; 2SD=2.374). The highest difference in rotation was detected in the external- internal direction (Mean EINWBCT= -0.484°; 2SD=8.720/ Mean EIWBCT= -0,326°; 2SD=5.370). None of these differences were statistically significant in the normal ankle syndesmosis when obtained from a NWBCT scan compared to a WBCT scan (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study provides reference values of the three-dimensional configuration in the normal ankle syndesmosis based on side-to-side comparison. It did not demonstrate significant differences in the normal ankle syndesmosis between NWBT and WBCT scans. These novel 3D data contribute relevantly to previously established bilateral 2D radiographic reference values. In clinical practice, they will aid in distinguishing if a patient with a syndesmotic ankle lesion differs from normal variance in syndesmotic ankle symmetry.

scholarly journals Cortical Activation in Mental Rotation and the Role of the Corpus Callosum: Observations in Healthy Subjects and Split-Brain Patients

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Chiara Pierpaoli ◽  
Mojgan Ghoushi ◽  
Nicoletta Foschi ◽  
Simona Lattanzi ◽  
Mara Fabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The mental rotation (MR) is an abstract mental operation thanks to which a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in an other position. The ability to perform MR was belived to belong to the right hemisphere for objects, and to the left for one’s ownbody images. Mental rotation is considered to be basic for imitation with the anatomical perspective, which in turn is needed for social interactions and learning. Altered imitative performances have been reported in patients with resections or microstructure alterations of the corpus callosum (CC). These patients also display a reduced MR ability compared to control subjects, as shown in a recent behavioral study. The difference was statistically significant, leading us to hypothesize a role of the CC to integrate the two hemispheres’ asymmetric functions. The present study was designed to detect, by means of a functional MRI, the cortical activation evoked during an MR task in healthy control subjects and callosotomized patients. The results suggest that performing MR requires activation of opercular cortex and inferior parietal lobule in either hemispheres, and likely the integrity of the CC, thus confirming that the main brain commissure is involved in cognitive functions.

scholarly journals A Study of the Characteristics of the White Matter in Schizophrenic Patients with Defective or Non-defective Symptoms by Diffuse Tensor Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-jie Shi ◽  
Tai-peng Sun ◽  
Li-rong Zhuang ◽  
Hua Feng ◽  
Peng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right

Abstract BackgroundDeficit schizophrenia (DS) is a set of highly homogenous schizophrenia subtypes characterized by primary and persistent negative symptoms. Previous research studies have found that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are closely related to the impairment of brain structure and function.This study seeks to explore the characteristics of white matter in schizophrenic patients with defective or non-defective symptoms by diffuse tensor imaging (DTI).MethodsAccording to the defective schizophrenia diagnostic criteria and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, 30 patients with DS and 30 patients with non-defective schizophrenia (NDS) were enrolled into the research study. DTI imaging data of the white matter were collected by 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Then a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method was used to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the white matter fiber between the two groups.ResultsThe TBSS analysis results showed that the FA values in the right side of the knee of the corpus callosum (MNI:14,36,-7), right anterior radio-coronal region (MIN:11,34,3) and the right hippocampal region (MIN:30,34,16) in the DS patients were significantly lower compared with those of the NDS patients (all p<0.05). The FA values in the right side of the knee of the corpus callosum was significantly correlated with the time from onset to treatment (r=−0.350, p<0.001), PANSS-negative symptom score (r=−0.157, p=0.007). The FA values in the right anterior radio-crown region was positively correlated with PANSS-negative symptom score (r=0.306, p=0.048). The right hippocampus was negatively correlated with years of education (r=−0.614, p=0.020), duration of antipsychotics using(r=−0.140, p= 0.022), and PANSS-negative symptom score (r=−0.637, p=0.040).ConclusionsIn schizophrenic patients with defective symptoms, the structural integrity of white matter fibers was more seriously damaged in the three brain regions including the right knee of the corpus callosum, the right anterior region of the right radiative crown, and the right hippocampus. These white matter lesions are closely related to patient characteristics such as years of education, duration from onset to treatment, duration of anti-psychotic, and severity of negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Insular volume abnormalities associated with different transition probabilities to psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Smieskova ◽  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
J. Aston ◽  
A. Simon ◽  
K. Bendfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Clinical Risk ◽  
The Right

BackgroundAlthough individuals vulnerable to psychosis show brain volumetric abnormalities, structural alterations underlying different probabilities for later transition are unknown. The present study addresses this issue by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM).MethodWe investigated grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities by comparing four neuroleptic-free groups: individuals with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and with at-risk mental state (ARMS), with either long-term (ARMS-LT) or short-term ARMS (ARMS-ST), compared to the healthy control (HC) group. Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined 16 FEP, 31 ARMS, clinically followed up for on average 3 months (ARMS-ST, n=18) and 4.5 years (ARMS-LT, n=13), and 19 HC.ResultsThe ARMS-ST group showed less GMV in the right and left insula compared to the ARMS-LT (Cohen's d 1.67) and FEP groups (Cohen's d 1.81) respectively. These GMV differences were correlated positively with global functioning in the whole ARMS group. Insular alterations were associated with negative symptomatology in the whole ARMS group, and also with hallucinations in the ARMS-ST and ARMS-LT subgroups. We found a significant effect of previous antipsychotic medication use on GMV abnormalities in the FEP group.ConclusionsGMV abnormalities in subjects at high clinical risk for psychosis are associated with negative and positive psychotic symptoms, and global functioning. Alterations in the right insula are associated with a higher risk for transition to psychosis, and thus may be related to different transition probabilities.

scholarly journals Pelvic Incidence: A Predictive Factor for Three-Dimensional Acetabular Orientation—A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Boulay ◽  
Gérard Bollini ◽  
Jean Legaye ◽  
Christine Tardieu ◽  
Dominique Prat-Pradal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Acetabular Orientation ◽  
Pelvic Parameters ◽  
Positional Parameter ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

Acetabular cup orientation (inclination and anteversion) is a fundamental topic in orthopaedics and depends on pelvis tilt (positional parameter) emphasising the notion of a safe range of pelvis tilt. The hypothesis was that pelvic incidence (morphologic parameter) could yield a more accurate and reliable assessment than pelvis tilt. The aim was to find out a predictive equation of acetabular 3D orientation parameters which were determined by pelvic incidence to include in the model. The second aim was to consider the asymmetry between the right and left acetabulae. Twelve pelvic anatomic specimens were measured with an electromagnetic Fastrak system (Polhemus Society) providing 3D position of anatomical landmarks to allow measurement of acetabular and pelvic parameters. Acetabulum and pelvis data were correlated by a Spearman matrix. A robust linear regression analysis provided prediction of acetabulum axes. The orientation of each acetabulum could be predicted by the incidence. The incidence is correlated with the morphology of acetabula. The asymmetry of the acetabular roof was correlated with pelvic incidence. This study allowed analysis of relationships of acetabular orientation and pelvic incidence. Pelvic incidence (morphologic parameter) could determine the safe range of pelvis tilt (positional parameter) for an individual and not a group.

CAN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE COMPENSATE FOR MARKER SKIN MOVEMENT IN RAT KINEMATICS?

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450065 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIPA JOÃO ◽  
ANTÓNIO VELOSO ◽  
SANDRA AMADO ◽  
PAULO ARMADA-DA-SILVA ◽  
ANA C. MAURÍCIO
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Global Optimization Method ◽  
Skin Deformation ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
The Right

The motion of the skeletal estimated from skin attached marker-based motion capture(MOCAP) systems is known to be affected by significant bias caused by anatomical landmarks mislocation but especially by soft tissue artifacts (such as skin deformation and sliding, inertial effects and muscle contraction). As a consequence, the error associated with this bias can propagate to joint kinematics and kinetics data, particularly in small rodents. The purpose of this study was to perform a segmental kinematic analysis of the rat hindlimb during locomotion, using both global optimization as well as segmental optimization methods. Eight rats were evaluated for natural overground walking and motion of the right hindlimb was captured with an optoeletronic system while the animals walked in the track. Three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analyses were carried out and hip, knee and ankle joint angular displacements and velocities were calculated. Comparison between both methods demonstrated that the magnitude of the kinematic error due to skin movement increases in the segmental optimization when compared with the global optimization method. The kinematic results assessed with the global optimization method matches more closely to the joint angles and ranges of motion calculated from bone-derived kinematics, being the knee and hip joints with more significant differences.

The structure of the corpus callosum in obsessive compulsive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Di Paola ◽  
E. Luders ◽  
I.A. Rubino ◽  
A. Siracusano ◽  
G. Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Right

AbstractAbnormal brain connectivity has recently been reported in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, structural differences in the corpus callosum (CC), the primary structure connecting the two hemispheres, have not been extensively studied. In this case-control study, we recruited 30 patients with OCD and 30 healthy control subjects carefully matched for age, sex and handedness. Combining surface-based mesh-modeling and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we compared callosal thickness and white matter (WM) density in patients and controls. We investigated associations between callosal structure and cortical gray matter (GM) density, and we related CC measures to neuropsychological performance in OCD. OCD patients showed small anterior and posterior callosal regions compared to healthy control subjects. In the OCD group, anterior callosal thickness was positively correlated with GM density of the right mid-dorso-lateral prefrontal (BA 9/46) area, while posterior callosal thickness was positively correlated with GM density in the left supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). Moreover, posterior callosal WM density was positively correlated with verbal memory, visuo-spatial memory, verbal fluency, and visuo-spatial reasoning performances. Callosal attributes were related to GM density in cortical areas innervated by the CC, and were also related to performance in cognitive domains impaired in the disorder. The CC may therefore be integrally involved in OCD.

Deformation-based Statistical Shape Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1151-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Jiang ◽  
Huilin Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Tang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Statistical Shape Analysis ◽  
Superior Part ◽  
Statistical Shape

Objective: In this study, we investigated the influence that the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exerts upon the corpus callosum (CC) using a total of 325 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, 155 AD subjects, and 185 healthy control (HC) subjects. Method: Regionally-specific morphological CC abnormalities, as induced by AD, were quantified using a large deformation diffeomorphic metric curve mapping based statistical shape analysis pipeline. We also quantified the association between the CC shape phenotype and two cognitive measures; the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Behavior Section (ADAS-cog). To identify AD-relevant areas, CC was sub-divided into three subregions; the genu, body, and splenium (gCC, bCC, and sCC). Results: We observed significant shape compressions in AD relative to that in HC, mainly concentrated on the superior part of CC, across all three sub-regions. The HC-vs-MCI shape abnormalities were also concentrated on the superior part, but mainly occurred on bCC and sCC. The significant MCI-vs-AD shape differences, however, were only detected in part of sCC. In the shape-cognition association, significant negative correlations to ADAS-cog were detected for shape deformations at regions belonging to gCC and sCC and significant positive correlations to MMSE at regions mainly belonging to sCC. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the callosal shape deformation patterns, especially those of sCC, linked tightly to the cognitive decline in AD, and are potentially a powerful biomarker for monitoring the progression of AD.

scholarly journals Comparative Dermatoglyphic Study Between Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Rashed Mustafa ◽  
Akhtari Afroze ◽  
Sabrina Sobnom ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun Hossain ◽  
Md Shameem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Ridge Pattern ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Being There ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the branch of medical science that is concerned with the study of dermal ridges present on fingers, palms, toes and the soles of the human being. There may have some association between fingerprints and schizophrenia regarding the developmental background of skin ridge pattern and brain.So this study was conducted to find out the fingerprint patterns in schizophrenic patients and also to find out sex variation of fingerprint patterns in between schizophrenic male and schizophrenic female. Objective: This study was carried out with a view to find out the fingerprint patterns in schizophrenic patients. Methodology: A total of 200 samples were selected. Among them, 100 were schizophrenic and 100 were normal healthy control. Samples were taken in between 15 to 40 years of age. Selection of schizophrenic sample was performed by a qualified psychiatrist. Fingerprints were taken by Ink and pad method, described by Cummins. Fingerprint patterns were observed by using a magnifying glass. Results: The frequency of common fingerprint pattern was reduced in schizophrenia. In healthy control loop pattern was predominant. But in schizophrenia frequency of loop pattern was reduced and there was an increased frequency of whorl and arch pattern. Conclusion: Asdermatoglyphics is genetically determined, predominant whorl and arch pattern found among the schizophrenic patients might provide a presumptive value which would aid in diagnosis of the disease. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-2, July 2019, Page 66-72

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