Pulmonary function as a risk factor for dementia death: an individual participant meta-analysis of six UK general population cohort studies

Abstract Background There are an estimated 1.4 million colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the United States. Research on endocrine and metabolic diseases over the long term in CRC survivors is limited. Obesity is a risk factor for CRC; thus it is of interest to investigate diseases that may share this risk factor, such as diabetes, for long-term health outcomes among CRC survivors. Methods A total of 7114 CRC patients were identified from the Utah Population Database and matched to a general population cohort of 25 979 individuals on birth year, sex, and birth state. Disease diagnoses (assessed over three time periods of 1–5 years, 5–10 years, and >10 years) were identified using electronic medical records and statewide ambulatory and inpatient discharge data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of endocrine and metabolic disease. Results Across all three time periods, risks for endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly greater for CRC survivors compared with the general population cohort. At 1–5 years postdiagnosis, CRC survivors’ risk for diabetes mellitus with complications was statistically significantly elevated (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.36, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.70). CRC survivors also experienced a 40% increased risk of obesity at 1–5 years postcancer diagnosis (HR= 1.40, 99% CI= 1.66 to 2.18) and a 50% increased risk at 5–10 years postdiagnosis (HR = 1.50, 99% CI= 1.16 to 1.95). Conclusions Endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly higher in CRC survivors throughout the follow-up periods of 1–5 years, 5–10 years, and more than 10 years postdiagnosis. As the number of CRC survivors increases, understanding the long-term trajectory is critical for improved survivorship care.

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Genetic variation in clusterin and risk of dementia and ischemic vascular disease in the general population: cohort studies and meta-analyses of 362,338 individuals

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-018-1029-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Liv Tybjærg Nordestgaard ◽

Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽

Katrine Laura Rasmussen ◽

Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽

Ruth Frikke-Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

General Population ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Population Cohort ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Meta Analyses

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Major depression as a risk factor for chronic disease incidence: longitudinal analyses in a general population cohort

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 407-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Scott B. Patten ◽

Jeanne V.A. Williams ◽

Dina H. Lavorato ◽

Geeta Modgill ◽

Nathalie Jetté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Major Depression ◽

General Population ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Longitudinal Analyses ◽

Population Cohort ◽

General Population Cohort

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Metabolic syndrome and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243576

Author(s):

Daqing Nie ◽

Guixin Yan ◽

Wenyu Zhou ◽

Zhengyi Wang ◽

Guimei Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

General Population ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk

Background Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether MetS is an independent risk factor for KOA. Methods Prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between MetS and KOA in general population were retrieved from PubMed and Embase. Only studies with multivariate analyses were included. Data were pooled with a random-effect model, which is considered to incorporate heterogeneity among the included studies. Results Five studies including 94,965 participants were included, with 18,990 people with MetS (20.0%). With a mean follow-up duration of 14.5 years, 2,447 KOA cases occurred. Pooled results showed that MetS was not significant associated with an increased risk of KOA after controlling of factors including body mass index (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92~1.23, p = 0.40; I2 = 33%). Subgroup analysis showed that MetS was independently associated with an increased risk of severe KOA that needed total knee arthroplasty (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03~1.30, p = 0.02), but not total symptomatic KOA (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.65~1.08, p = 0.18). Stratified analyses suggested that MetS was independently associated with an increased risk of KOA in women (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03~1.47, p = 0.02), but not in men (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70~1.14, p = 0.37). Conclusions Current evidence from prospective cohort studies did not support MetS was an independent risk factor of overall KOA in general population. However, MetS may be associated with an increased risk of severe KOA in general population, or overall KOA risk in women.

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Genetic variation in clusterin and risk of dementia and ischemic vascular disease in the general population - cohort studies and meta-analyses of 362,338 individuals

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. e29-e30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.T. Nordestgaard ◽

A. Tybjaerg-Hansen ◽

K.L. Rasmussen ◽

B.G. Nordestgaard ◽

R. Frikke-Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

General Population ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Population Cohort ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Meta Analyses

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Height in relation to dementia death: individual participant meta-analysis of 18 UK prospective cohort studies

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.142984 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (5) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Tom C. Russ ◽

Mika Kivimäki ◽

John M. Starr ◽

Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽

G. David Batty

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Early Life ◽

Response Pattern ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Multiple Covariates ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Individual Participant ◽

The Mean

BackgroundThat risk factors measured in middle age may not fully explain future dementia risk implicates exposures acting earlier in life. Height may capture early-life illness, adversity, nutrition and psychosocial stress.AimsTo investigate the little-explored association between height and dementia death.MethodIndividual participant meta-analysis using 18 prospective general population cohort studies with identical methodologies (1994–2008; n = 181 800).ResultsMean follow-up of 9.8 years gave rise to 426 and 667 dementia deaths in men and women respectively. The mean heights were 174.4cm (s.d. = 7.3) for men and 161.0cm (s.d. = 6.8) for women. In analyses taking into account multiple covariates, increasing height was related to lower rates of death from dementia in a dose–response pattern (P⩽0.01 for trend). There was evidence of a differential effect by gender (P = 0.016 for interaction). Thus, the association observed in men (hazard ratio per s.d. decrease in height 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39) was markedly stronger than that apparent in women (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24).ConclusionsEarly-life circumstances, indexed by adult height, may influence later dementia risk.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Decreased risk of death from coronary heart disease amongst men with higher 'femininity' scores: a general population cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1126994.584119 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Wizdom Powell

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Population Cohort ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Population Cohort Study

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of cyclophosphamide on pulmonary function in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational prospective cohort studies.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1158170.618084 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Ladislav Senolt ◽

Michal Tomcikq

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Endocannabinoid system mediates the association between gut-microbial diversity and anhedonia/amotivation in a general population cohort

Molecular Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41380-021-01147-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amedeo Minichino ◽

Matthew A. Jackson ◽

Marta Francesconi ◽

Claire J. Steves ◽

Cristina Menni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Population Cohort ◽

Random Intercept ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Antidepressant Use

AbstractAnhedonia and amotivation are debilitating symptoms and represent unmet therapeutic needs in a range of clinical conditions. The gut-microbiome-endocannabinoid axis might represent a potential modifiable target for interventions. Based on results obtained from animal models, we tested the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system mediates the association between gut-microbiome diversity and anhedonia/amotivation in a general population cohort. We used longitudinal data collected from 786 volunteer twins recruited as part the TwinsUK register. Our hypothesis was tested with a multilevel mediation model using family structure as random intercept. The model was set using alpha diversity (within-individual gut-microbial diversity) as predictor, serum and faecal levels of the endocannabinoid palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as mediator, and anhedonia/amotivation as outcome. PEA is considered the endogenous equivalent of cannabidiol, with increased serum levels believed to have anti-depressive effects, while increased stool PEA levels, reflecting increased excretion, are believed to have opposite, detrimental, effects on mental health. We therefore expected that either reduced serum PEA or increased stool PEA would mediate the association between microbial diversity and anhedonia amotivation. Analyses were adjusted for obesity, diet, antidepressant use, sociodemographic and technical covariates. Data were imputed using multiple imputation by chained equations. Mean age was 65.2 ± 7.6; 93% of the sample were females. We found a direct, significant, association between alpha diversity and anhedonia/amotivation (β = −0.37; 95%CI: −0.71 to −0.03; P = 0.03). Faecal, but not serum, levels of the endocannabinoid palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) mediated this association: the indirect effect was significant (β = −0.13; 95%CI: −0.24 to −0.01; P = 0.03), as was the total effect (β = −0.38; 95%CI: −0.72 to −0.04; P = 0.03), whereas the direct effect of alpha diversity on anhedonia/amotivation was attenuated fully (β = −0.25; 95%CI: −0.60 to 0.09; P = 0.16). Our results suggest that gut-microbial diversity might contribute to anhedonia/amotivation via the endocannabinoid system. These findings shed light on the biological underpinnings of anhedonia/amotivation and suggest the gut microbiota-endocannabinoid axis as a promising therapeutic target in an area of unmet clinical need.

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