O1-1.3 The social and environmental determinants of urban health inequities in low and middle income countries: findings from the Rockefeller Foundation Global Research Network on Urban Health Equity

After reading this chapter you will: be familiar with the concept and extent of health inequity in high- and middle- income countries; understand how the healthcare system can be both a cause of health inequities and a mechanism by which to improve health equity; recognize how to address the social determinants of health inequity; begin to systematically apply an equity lens to your daily professional practice.

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Improving equity

Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice ◽

10.1093/med/9780199586301.003.0041 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 406-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharon Friel

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

Health Equity ◽

Health Care System ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Health Inequities ◽

Health Inequity ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Social

After reading this chapter you will be familiar with the concept and extent of health inequity in high and middle income countries, understand how the health care system can be both a cause of health inequities and a mechanism by which to improve health equity, recognized how to address the social determinants of health inequity, and begin to systematically apply an equity lens to your daily professional practice.

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Strengthening capacity to research the social determinants of health in low- and middle-income countries: lessons from the INTREC programme

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-017-4399-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Henschke ◽

Anna Mirny ◽

Joke A Haafkens ◽

Heribert Ramroth ◽

Siwi Padmawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Social ◽

Low And Middle Income

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COVID-19, Governance, and Conflict: Emerging Impacts and Future Evidence Needs

10.19088/k4d.2021.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siân Herbert ◽

Heather Marquette

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Public Health ◽

High Income ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Social ◽

Global Nature ◽

Bodies Of Evidence ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

This paper reviews emerging evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on governance and conflict, using a “governance and conflict first” approach in contrast to other research and synthesis on COVID-19 in the social sciences that tends to be structured through a public health lens. It largely focuses on evidence on low- and middle-income countries but also includes a number of examples from high-income countries, reflecting the global nature of the crisis. It is organised around four cross-cutting themes that have enabled the identification of emerging bodies of evidence and/or analysis: Power and legitimacy; Effectiveness, capacity, and corruption; Violence, unrest, and conflict; and Resilience, vulnerability, and risk. The paper concludes with three over-arching insights that have emerged from the research: (1) the importance of leadership; (2) resilience and what “fixing the cracks” really means; and (3) why better ways are needed to add up all the “noise” when it comes to COVID-19 and evidence.

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Implementation barriers for mHealth for non-communicable diseases management in low and middle income countries: a scoping review and field-based views from implementers

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15581.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josefien van Olmen ◽

Erica Erwin ◽

Ana Cristina García-Ulloa ◽

Bruno Meessen ◽

J. Jaime Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Scale Up ◽

Research Network ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) has been hailed as a potential gamechanger for non-communicable disease (NCD) management, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Individual studies illustrate barriers to implementation and scale-up, but an overview of implementation issues for NCD mHealth interventions in LMIC is lacking. This paper explores implementation issues from two perspectives: information in published papers and field-based knowledge by people working in this field. Methods: Through a scoping review publications on mHealth interventions for NCDs in LMIC were identified and assessed with the WHO mHealth Evidence Reporting and Assessment (mERA) tool. A two-stage web-based survey on implementation barriers was performed within a NCD research network and through two online platforms on mHealth targeting researchers and implementors. Results: 16 studies were included in the scoping review. Short Message Service (SMS) messaging was the main implementation tool. Most studies focused on patient-centered outcomes. Most studies did not report on process measures and on contextual conditions influencing implementation decisions. Few publications reported on implementation barriers. The websurvey included twelve projects and the responses revealed additional information, especially on practical barriers related to the patients’ characteristics, low demand, technical requirements, integration with health services and with the wider context. Many interventions used low-cost software and devices with limited capacity that not allowed linkage with routine data or patient records, which incurred fragmented delivery and increased workload. Conclusion: Text messaging is a dominant mHealth tool for patient-directed of quality improvement interventions in LMIC. Publications report little on implementation barriers, while a questionnaire among implementors reveals significant barriers and strategies to address them. This information is relevant for decisions on scale-up of mHealth in the domain of NCD. Further knowledge should be gathered on implementation issues, and the conditions that allow universal coverage.

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Implementation barriers for mHealth for non-communicable diseases prevention and management in low and middle income countries: a scoping review and field-based views from implementers

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15581.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Josefien van Olmen ◽

Erica Erwin ◽

Ana Cristina García-Ulloa ◽

Bruno Meessen ◽

J. Jaime Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Scale Up ◽

Research Network ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) has been hailed as a potential gamechanger for non-communicable disease (NCD) management, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Individual studies illustrate barriers to implementation and scale-up, but an overview of implementation issues for NCD mHealth interventions in LMICs is lacking. This paper explores implementation issues from two perspectives: information in published papers and field-based knowledge by people working in this field. Methods: Through a scoping review publications on mHealth interventions for NCDs in LMICs were identified and assessed with the WHO mHealth Evidence Reporting and Assessment (mERA) tool. A two-stage web-based survey on implementation barriers was performed within a NCD research network and through two online platforms on mHealth targeting researchers and implementors. Results: 18 studies were included in the scoping review. Short Message Service (SMS) messaging was the main implementation tool. Most studies focused on patient-centered outcomes. Most studies do not report on process measures and on contextual conditions influencing implementation decisions. Few publications reported on implementation barriers. The websurvey included twelve projects and the responses revealed additional information, especially on practical barriers related to the patients’ characteristics, low demand, technical requirements, integration with health services and with the wider context. Many interventions used low-cost software and devices with limited capacity that not allowing linkage with routine data or patient records, which incurred fragmented delivery and increased workload. Conclusion: Text messaging is a dominant mHealth tool for patient-directed of quality improvement interventions in LMICs. Publications report little on implementation barriers, while a questionnaire among implementors reveals significant barriers and strategies to address them. This information is relevant for decisions on scale-up of mHealth in the domain of NCD. Further knowledge should be gathered on implementation issues, and the conditions that allow universal coverage.

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The Implications of Global Neurosurgery for Low- and Middle-income Countries: The Case of Cameroon

Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.32598/irjns.6.2.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye ◽

◽

Nathalie C. Ghomsi ◽

Dylan Djiofack ◽

Francklin Tétinou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Equity ◽

Middle Income ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The World ◽

Local Stakeholders ◽

Local Problems ◽

A Priority ◽

Low And Middle Income

The unequal distribution of neurosurgical resources and diseases in the world contributes to inequality. Eight in 10 neurosurgical cases needing essential neurosurgical care are found in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs); however, LMICs lack the neurosurgical resources to address these needs. Besides, where neurosurgical care is available, it is not financially accessible to the majority of patients. Global Neurosurgery is a rapidly growing field that places a priority on improving health outcomes and achieving health equity for all people affected by neurosurgical conditions. To achieve safe, accessible, and affordable neurosurgical care for all, LMIC neurosurgeons should participate in national and international global neurosurgical activities, develop disruptive solutions to local problems and work with local stakeholders to address global neurosurgery problems.

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Economic crisis and mental health – findings from low- and middle income countries

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669557 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

M. Koesters ◽

S. Weinmann

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Relative Deprivation ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Economic Crises ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Social ◽

Few Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

Summary Background: There is consistent evidence of an inverse relationship between poverty and mental health. However, the influence of economic crises on mental health is not well studied and there are very few data particularly from low- and middle income countries (LAMICs). This review discusses theories and views on the impact of economic crises on mental health in LAMICs and reports the results of two empirical studies. Result: It appears that relative deprivation and the social and psychological meaning of deep changes in the economic situation of a person, a family or a group, have a greater effect on mental health than just material circumstances and unemployment.

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