Impact of the occupational environment of a submerged submarine on cardiometabolic health of Royal Navy submariners

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Frances Gunner ◽  
Michael Lindsay ◽  
Pieter Brown ◽  
Anneliese Shaw ◽  
Trish Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Royal Navy

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of prolonged exposure to a submarine environment on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in Royal Navy (RN) submariners.MethodsSerum lipids (cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C), glucose, insulin and anthropometrics were compared within three RN submarine crews before and after submerged patrols of 12 or 6 weeks, and with a crew that remained ashore (SUB-HOME). Dietary intake and activity patterns were self-reported during each patrol. Differences were assessed in crew characteristics using one-way analysis of variance and in serum lipids using paired t-tests.ResultsPostpatrol, the mean body weight of submerged crews decreased (−1.4±4.2 kg, p=0.0001), but increased in SUB-HOME (1.9±1.8 kg, p=0.0001). Modest improvements in serum lipids (mean individual change (mmol/L); C=−0.3±0.7, p=0.0001; TG=−0.3±0.7, p=0.0001; HDL-C=−0.1±0.3, p=0.0001; non-HDL-C=−0.2±0.6, p=0.012), glucose (−0.2±0.5, p=0.0001) and insulin (−1.5±4.6 mU/L, p=0.001) were observed in submerged crews. Changes in serum lipids were positively associated with changes in body weight within crews combined. Energy intake was maintained during submerged patrols but was lower compared with non-submerged (11 139±2792 vs. 9617±2466 kJ, p=0.001; 11 062±2775 vs. 9632±2682 kJ, p=0.003).ConclusionsThe environment of a submerged submarine produced no adverse effects on serum biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in crew. Conversely, modest improvements in these biomarkers were associated with a decrease in body weight.

scholarly journals Effects of an Indoor Cycling Program on Cardiometabolic Factors in Women with Obesity vs. Normal Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8718
Author(s):  
Marzena Ratajczak ◽  
Damian Skrypnik ◽  
Piotr Krutki ◽  
Joanna Karolkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The study aimed to provide evidence on the impact of indoor cycling (IC) in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. The study compares the effects of a 3 month IC program involving three 55 min sessions per week on women aged 40–60 years, with obesity (OW, n = 18) vs. women with normal body weight (NW, n = 8). At baseline and at the end of the study, anthropometric parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), and serum parameters: glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), insulin, human anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody (OLAb), total blood antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) were determined. Before the intervention, VO2 peak and HDL-C levels were significantly lower and levels of TG, LAP, insulin, HOMA-IR, and CRP were significantly higher in the OW group compared to those in the NW group. After the intervention, only the OW group saw a decrease in body mass, total cholesterol, OLAb, TBARS, and CRP concentration and an increase in total body skeletal muscle mass and HDL-C concentration. In response to the IC training, measured indicators in the OW group were seen to approach the recommended values, but all between-group differences remained significant. Our results demonstrate that IC shows promise for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, especially dyslipidemia. After 12 weeks of regular IC, the metabolic function of the OW group adapted in many aspects to be more like that of the NW group.

Effect of Honey & Olive Oil Supplemented Bio-Yoghurt Feeding on Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose and Hematological Parameters in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Magdy M. Ismail ◽  
El-Tahra M. Ammar ◽  
Abd El-Wahab E. Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Z. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background and Objective: Yoghurt, especially bio-yoghurt has long been recognized as a product with many health benefits for consumers. Also, honey and olive oil have considerable nutritional and health effects. So, the effect of administration of yoghurt made using ABT culture and fortified with honey (2 and 6%), olive oil (1 and 4%) or honey + olive oil (2+1 and 6+4% respectively) on some biological and hematological properties of rats was investigated.Methods:The body weight gain, serum lipid level, blood glucose level, serum creatinine level, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) activity, leukocytes and lymphocytes counts of rats were evaluated.Results:Blending of bio-yoghurt with rats' diet improved body weight gain. Concentrations of Total plasma Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) significantly lowered in plasma of rats fed bio-yoghurt. Levels of TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG also decreased in rat groups feed bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil. LDL concentrations were reduced by 10.32, 18.51, 34.17, 22.48, 43.30% in plasma of rats fed classic starter yoghurt, ABT yoghurt, ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey, ABT yoghurt contained 4% olive oil and ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey + 4% olive oil respectively. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, GOT and GPT values of rats decreased while white blood cells and lymphocytes counts increased by feeding bioyoghurt contained honey and olive oil.Conclusion:The findings enhanced the multiple therapeutic effects of bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil.

scholarly journals Modelling the Reallocation of Time Spent Sitting into Physical Activity: Isotemporal Substitution vs. Compositional Isotemporal Substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6210
Author(s):  
Gregory J. H. Biddle ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Melanie J. Davies ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Data Driven Decisions

Isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) and compositional isotemporal modelling (CISM) are statistical approaches used in epidemiology to model the associations of replacing time in one physical behaviour with time in another. This study’s aim was to use both ISM and CISM to examine and compare associations of reallocating 60 min of sitting into standing or stepping with markers of cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data collected during three randomised control trials (RCTs) were utilised. All participants (n = 1554) were identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Reallocating 60 min from sitting to standing and to stepping was associated with a lower BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using both ISM and CISM (p < 0.05). The direction and magnitude of significant associations were consistent across methods. No associations were observed for hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for either method. Results of both ISM and CISM were broadly similar, allowing for the interpretation of previous research, and should enable future research in order to make informed methodological, data-driven decisions.

Biological variability in concentrations of serum lipids: sources of variation among results from published studies and composite predicted values

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Smith ◽  
G R Cooper ◽  
G L Myers ◽  
E J Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract To obtain the best estimates of the average intraindividual biological variability (CVb) in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride serum lipids in a person's blood, we evaluated results from 30 studies published from 1970 to 1992. The usually more applicable random-effects model estimated an average CVb of 6.1% for TC, 7.4% for HDLC, 9.5% for LDLC, and 22.6% for triglyceride. Composite estimates of the average CVb from all evaluated published studies by different models of estimation ranged from 6.0% to 6.4% for TC, from 6.2% to 7.5% for HDLC, from 7.0% to 9.6% for LDLC, and from 22.4% to 22.9% for triglyceride. Two important factors influenced the reported biological variation of the study subjects: (a) the magnitude of the variability of the analytical method used and (b) the design characteristics of the study--primarily the number of subjects, the sampling interval, and the number of measurements per subject. For TC, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between the reported mean CVb and both the number of study subjects and the analytical variation. For TC and LDLC we estimate CVb as a function of the study design features. The number of patient specimens required to obtain reliable estimates for serum lipid concentrations are determined from the CVb and the current analytical variation.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training during Christmas on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4732
Author(s):  
Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez ◽  
Felix Morales-Palomo ◽  
Juan Fernando Ortega ◽  
Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas ◽  
Valle Guio de Prada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

Individuals with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have augmented risk of all-cause mortality. Lifestyle interventions are effective to treat MetS, however, there are periods during the year in which exercise programs are discontinued and improper dietary habits reappear (e.g., Christmas holidays). We aimed to analyze if exercise-training during Christmas holidays would avoid body-weight gains and cardiometabolic deterioration in MetS individuals, using a randomized control trial. Thirty-eight men with MetS undergoing exercise training were randomly allocated to either continue (TRAIN group, n = 16) or discontinue (HOLID group, n = 22) training, during the three weeks of Christmas. Anthropometrics (body weight, fat, and waist circumference), fasting blood metabolites (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations) and exercise maximal fat oxidation (FOMAX) and oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) were determined before and after Christmas. Both groups were similar at baseline in all parameters (p > 0.05). HOLID group increased body weight (91.3 ± 13.0 to 92.0 ± 13.4 kg, p = 0.004), mean arterial pressure (94.0 ± 10.6 to 97.1 ± 8.9 mmHg, p = 0.026), blood insulin (10.2 ± 3.8 to 12.5 ± 5.4 µIU·mL−1, p = 0.003) and HOMA (3.2 ± 1.3 to 4.1 ± 2.3, p = 0.003). In contrast, TRAIN prevented those disarrangements and reduced total (170.6 ± 30.6 to 161.3 ± 31.3 mg·dL−1, p = 0.026) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (i.e., LDL-C, 104.8 ± 26.1 to 95.6 ± 21.7 mg·dL−1, p = 0.013). TRAIN also prevented the reductions in exercise FOMAX and VO2PEAK that was observed in the HOLID group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, exercise training during Christmas, prevents body weight gains and the associated cardiovascular (increase in blood pressure and LDL-C) and metabolic (reduced insulin sensitivity) health risks are an optimal non-pharmacological therapy for that period of the year.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with immune cell mitochondrial respiration in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. H481-H487
Author(s):  
Theodore M. DeConne ◽  
Eric R. Muñoz ◽  
Faria Sanjana ◽  
Joshua C. Hobson ◽  
Christopher R. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were found to be negatively associated with several parameters of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults. These data suggest that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure may induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk and impaired immune health.

scholarly journals Associations of preoperative serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the prognosis of ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lin ◽  
Wenchao Liu ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Liping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Background The effect of serum lipids on ovarian cancer is controversial. We conduct this study to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma lipid profile in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The medical records of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in our department were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Serum lipids profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and clinicopathologic data were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Multivariable Cox regression analysis found that preoperative higher LDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR 2.088, 95% CI 1.052–4.147, p = 0.035), whereas higher HDL-C level showed significant association with better PFS (HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.247–0.975, p = 0.042). Further Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that OS was longer for patients with low levels of LDL-C (< 2.76 mmol/L) compared to those with high levels of LDL-C (≥ 2.76 mmol/L) (P = 0.028), and PFS was better for patients with high levels of HDL-C (≥ 1.19 mmol/L) compared to those with low levels of HDL-C (< 1.19 mmol/L) (P = 0.001). Conclusions Preoperative HDL-C and LDL-C levels are significant predictors of clinical outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Baseline cardiometabolic profiles and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Scalsky ◽  
Yi-Ju Chen ◽  
Karan Desai ◽  
Jeffery R. O’Connell ◽  
James A. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Background SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly spreading coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, which is characterized by severe respiratory infection. Many factors have been identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, with much early attention being paid to body mass index (BMI), which is a well-known cardiometabolic risk factor. Objective This study seeks to examine the impact of additional baseline cardiometabolic risk factors including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes on the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in UK Biobank (UKB) study participants. Methods We examined the effect of BMI, lipid profiles, diabetes and alcohol intake on the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 among 9,005 UKB participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16 through July 14, 2020. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and ancestry. Results Higher BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 odds (p < 0.05) while HDL-C and ApoA-I were associated with decreased odds (p < 0.001). Though the effect of BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were eliminated when HDL-C was controlled, the effect of HDL-C remained significant when BMI was controlled for. LDL-C, ApoB and triglyceride levels were not found to be significantly associated with increased odds. Conclusion Elevated HDL-C and ApoA-I levels were associated with reduced odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, while higher BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased odds. The effects of BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c levels were no longer significant after controlling for HDL-C, suggesting that these effects may be mediated in part through regulation of HDL-C levels. In summary, our study suggests that baseline HDL-C level may be useful for stratifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and corroborates the emerging picture that HDL-C may confer protection against sepsis in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular.

scholarly journals Associations of Preoperative Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels with the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lin ◽  
Wenchao Liu ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Liping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Background: The effect of serum lipids on ovarian cancer is controversial. We conduct this study to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma lipid profile in patients with ovarian cancer.Methods: The medical records of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in our department were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Serum lipids profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and clinicopathologic data were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Results: Multivariable Cox regression analysis found that preoperative higher LDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR 2.088, 95% CI 1.052-4.147, p = 0.035), whereas higher HDL-C level showed significant association with better PFS (HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.247-0.975, p = 0.042). Further Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that OS was longer for patients with low levels of LDL-C (< 2.76 mmol/L) compared to those with high levels of LDL-C (≥ 2.76 mmol/L) (P = 0.028), and PFS was better for patients with high levels of HDL-C (≥ 1.19 mmol/L) compared to those with low levels of HDL-C (< 1.19 mmol/L) (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Preoperative HDL-C and LDL-C levels are significant predictors of clinical outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

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