scholarly journals Validity of field assessments to predict peak muscle power in preschoolers

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara King-Dowling ◽  
Nicole A. Proudfoot ◽  
John Cairney ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Efficient Estimate ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Age And Sex

Field-based fitness assessments are time- and cost-efficient. However, no studies to date have reported the predictive value of field-based musculoskeletal fitness assessments in preschoolers. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of 2 field assessments to predict peak muscle power in preschool-aged children. Four-hundred and nineteen 3- to 5-year olds participated (208 girls, 211 boys; mean age: 4.5 ± 0.9 years). Peak power (PP) was evaluated using a modified 10-s Wingate protocol as the criterion standard. Standing long-jump was measured in inches to the back of the heel using a 2-footed takeoff and landing. Shuttle-run time was measured using a shuttle-run protocol, which required children to sprint 50 feet (15.2 m), pick up a small block, and sprint back, with time measured to the closest tenth of a second. Regression modelling was used to calculate the predictive power of each field-based measurement, adjusting for weight (kg), age, and sex. Both standing long-jump distance and shuttle-run time were significantly correlated with PP (r = 0.636, p < 0.001, and r = –0.684, p < 0.001, respectively). Linear regression analysis determined that a child’s PP can be predicted from the child’s weight, age, and sex and either standing long-jump or shuttle-run time (adjusted R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001, and 0.81, p < 0.001, respectively). The standing long-jump and the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition shuttle-run are both significant predictors of peak muscle power in preschool children. Either measure can be used as a cost- and time-efficient estimate of musculoskeletal fitness in preschoolers.

scholarly journals Physical fitness percentiles of Polish children aged 4–7 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina H. Przednowek ◽  
Marta Niewczas ◽  
Łukasz Wójcik ◽  
Wojciech Paśko ◽  
Janusz Iskra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report sex- and age-specific physical fitness level in Polish children aged 4 to 7. 11.709 children participated in the study, including 5.684 girls and 6.025 boys aged 4 to 7 who attended kindergarten institutions throughout Poland. Physical fitness was assessed using four tests developed by Sekita including shuttle run 4 × 5 m with moving the block, standing long jump, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above the head and 20 m run. Percentile charts were developed separately for males and females using the LMS method. Boys showed higher physical fitness values than girls. In addition, an increase in the level of physical fitness was observed along with the age of the subjects. The developed reference values by age and sex in the field of physical fitness can be used for diagnostic purposes and assessing the level of physical fitness of preschool children. In addition, they can be helpful for healthcare professionals, parents and teachers to develop children’s motor activation programs and monitor their physical fitness.

scholarly journals „Z”-scores of anthropometric and motor parameters of girls in aerobic gymnastics

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
M. Tibenská ◽  
H. Medeková
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract This study presents the evaluation of chosen anthropometric and motor parameters in group of female junior competitors throughout the course of 2-year preparation of aerobic gymnastics by means of Z-scores. The observed group consisted of 12 girls (average age at the beginning of observance 14.08 ± 1.19 years). Evaluation of anthropometric (body height, body weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat, acting body weight) and motor parameters (sit-ups in 30 seconds and 60 seconds, pull-ups to bar, modified push-ups, standing long jump, backwards tandem walking, shuttle run 4×10 m, Jacík’s test) was carried out in standard conditions in nine girls at 3-month intervals. It has been confirmed that female probands with higher Z-score of motor parameters together with lower Z-score of anthropometric parameters achieved higher sport performance during the 2-year observance at competitions, with an exception of one such proband.

Phase-Specific Force and Time Predictors of Standing Long Jump Distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John R. Harry ◽  
John Krzyszkowski ◽  
Luke D. Chowning ◽  
Kristof Kipp
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Force Time

This study sought to identify potential predictors of standing long jump (SLJ) performance using force–time strategy metrics within the unloading, eccentric yielding, eccentric braking, and concentric phases. Fifteen National Collegiate Athletic Association division 1 male soccer players (19 [1] y, 1.81 [0.94] m, 80.3 [22.4] kg) performed 3 maximum-effort SLJs, while 3-dimensional ground reaction force (GRF) data were obtained. Regularized regression models were used to investigate associations between force–time strategy metrics and 2 metrics of SLJ performance (ie, jump distance and modified reactive strength index). Jump height and eccentric yielding time were the only predictors of jump distance that also demonstrated large correlations to jump distance. Anterior–posterior unloading yank, average concentric vertical force, and concentric phase duration were the only predictors of modified reactive strength index that also demonstrated large correlations to modified reactive strength index. To maximize SLJ distance in high-level soccer athletes, human performance practitioners could design interventions to drive changes in strategy to increase jump height and decrease eccentric yielding time. To improve SLJ explosiveness, interventions to drive changes in unloading and concentric force application and decrease concentric time could be emphasized. Importantly, unique variable combinations can be targeted when training for SLJ distance and explosiveness adaptations.

scholarly journals Effects on Motor Development and Performance Levels of Physical Activity in Music Accompaniment on Children with Developmental Deficiencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12a) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Songül Pektaş ◽  
Betül Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity with music on motor development and performance in children with developmental deficiencies. The study includes twenty children with developmental deficiencies, aged between 10-15 years old. Children were classified into two groups randomly and both groups were given 1 hour of training 3 days a week for 20 weeks. Physical activity with English and Spanish verbal song was used for the first group and only physical activity for the second group. Each participant participated in shuttle, shuttle run, flexibility, standing long jump, vertical jump tests.  The fatigue parameter of children was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale. As a result of this study, it has been shown that physical activity with music is more effective method to improve motor development and performance levels of children with developmental deficiencies.

Relationship of the results from fitness test and points for performance in alpine skiing of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories in the season 2018/2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jurečka ◽  
Tomáš Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Team ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

The main motivation for the research is a verification of applicability of the fitness test as a predictor for specific alpine skiing performance of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories. We want to verify if the results from the fitness test correspond with points for the performance in alpine skiing disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom). In total, 42 men and women (U14 and U16 categories), members of the Czech national team, participated in the research. Participants were grouped by gender (women n=21, age 14.23 (± 1.04), men n = 21, age 14.19 (± 1.07)). Fitness test consisted of six individual tests and was used as a tool to examine the level of motor abilities (jumping over the Swedish bench, shuttle run 4 × 10m, standing long jump, hurdles agility run - boomerang test, twist test, 20m shuttle run - beep test). Points for the performance in alpine skiing show the best result from a single competition transferred to the points. In our research we were looking for relationship between the points from three different disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom) and the results from the fitness test. In the men category we found high correlation (at the significance level of p ˂ 0.05) between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.73; r² = 0.53), between super giant slalom and boomerang test (r = 0.62, r² = 0.38) and between super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = 0.61, r² = 0.37). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump test (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between slalom and twist test (r = -0.33, r² = 0.11) and between super giant slalom and twist test (r = -0.34, r² = 0.12). In women category we did not found high correlation (at the sig-nificance level of p ˂ 0.05). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between giant slalom and twist test (r = 0.01, r² = 0.0001), between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.03, r² = 0.0009) and between slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = -0.05, r² = 0.0025). Twist test had very small correlation in both men and women categories. We can say that it is not relevant for prediction of alpine skiing per-formance. Based on different significance of correlations between men and women (super giant slalom and standing long jump; slalom/super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m) it might be necessary to adjust fitness testing as a predictor of alpine skiing performance according to a gender.

OPTIMAL STANDING LONG JUMP SIMULATION FROM DIFFERENT STARTING POSTURES

2005 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUANG-YOU B. CHENG ◽  
WEN-CHIEN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Simulation Results

A planar 4-segment human body model is used to simulate and study the effects of starting posture on standing long jumping performance. The model consists of frictionless hinge joints and is driven by joint torque actuators. The four segments represent feet, shanks, thighs, and trunk with head and arms. Movement simulations start from three different postures: high squat, squat, and low squat. The control variables are the joint torque activation levels and takeoff time. The objective function is the maximum horizontal distance from the toe point at takeoff to the center of mass (c.m.) position at landing. Optimal simulation results agree reasonably well with measurements. Different from previous high jump simulation study, slight dependence of initial posture on jump distance is found. Longer jump distance from a higher initial posture is probably due to greater range of countermovement that results in larger extension joint torque generation.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Provisions of Noncommunicable Disease Services on Health Promotion, Prevention and Control at Primary Health Care: A Case Study from Two Divisions of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Sobhan Pinki ◽  
Irfan Nowroze Noor ◽  
Bayzid Amin ◽  
Md. Ziaul Islam ◽  
Baizid Khoorshid Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Test Measure ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract BackgroundAlthough evidence suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important component associated with future health, little is known of how it is associated with multiple other physical fitness components. Since various physical fitness aspects do not change the same as cardiorespiratory fitness during childhood, it is necessary to establish possible associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness components in children. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to test the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness with motor performance and body size in 7-14-year-old children.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1612 children (52.5% girls). Health-related physical fitness components included: 1) body-mass index (kg/m2) calculated from height and weight (measure of body size), 2) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility), 3) standing long jump (measure of explosive strength), 4) sit-ups in 30 sec (measure of repetitive strength), 5) 10x5 shuttle run test (measure of agility) and 6) 20-m shuttle run test (measure of aerobic capacity). The associations were performed using generalized estimating equations with β coefficients.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with sit-and-reach test (β=0.13, p<0.001), standing long jump (β=0.59, p<0.001), sit-ups in 30 sec (β=0.53, p<0.001) and 10x5 shuttle run test (β=-0.56, p<0.001) in boys. In girls, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with body-mass index (β=-0.12, p<0.001), sit-and-reach test (β=0.21, p<0.001), standing long jump (β=0.25, p<0.001), sit-ups in 30 sec (β=0.36, p<0.001) and 10x5 shuttle run test (β=-0.40, p<0.001). No significant associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and body-mass index in boys were observed.ConclusionsAlthough significant, cardiorespiratory fitness is weakly to moderately associated with other physical fitness components, pointing out that such measure should be tested separately from other aspects of physical fitness in school-aged children.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 10 AND 9

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Lazarević ◽  
Srdjan Milosavljević ◽  
Snežana Lazarević ◽  
Vladan Marković ◽  
Ana Savić
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Hand Tapping ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this research is to confirm differences in the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of schoolchildren aged 9 and 10 compared by sex and age. The sample comprised 341 schoolchildren, divided into two subgroups of third (172) and fourth (169) graders. The research is of a transversal character and includes the measurement of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities by applying the Eurofit fitness testing battery. The results show a significant difference based on sex in terms of body mass (t = 2.148), and as for motor abilities, there is a difference in the Shuttle run test (t = -3.709). A statistically significant difference considering the age of the tested population was observed in height (t = -10.327) and body mass (Z = -5,991), while in terms of motor abilities there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all the tests: Hand tapping (t = 4.735), the Standing long jump (Z = -3,575), Shuttle run (t = 12,248), the Flexed arm hang (Z = -2,167), Sit and reach (Z = -2,406), Sit-ups in 30 seconds (t = -9069). The research shows a higher statistically significant difference observed in body composition, but also in the motor area of the studied group in terms of age, and in relation to the statistically significant difference that was revealed by gender.

scholarly journals Intraday reliability, sensitivity, and minimum detectable change of national physical fitness measurement for preschool children in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242369
Author(s):  
Hua Fang ◽  
Indy Man Kit Ho
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Reliability Sensitivity ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Absolute Reliability ◽  
Shuttle Run

China General Administration of Sport has published and adopted the National Physical Fitness Measurement (NPFM—preschool children version) since 2000. However, studies on intraday reliability, sensitivity, and minimum detectable change (MDC) are lacking. This study aimed to investigate and compare the reliability, sensitivity, and MDC values of NPFM in preschool children between the ages of 3.5 to 6 years. Six items of NPFM including 10-m shuttle run, standing long jump, balance beam walking, sit-and-reach, tennis throwing, and double-leg timed hop, were tested for 209 Chinese kindergarten children in Beijing in the morning. Intraday relative reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) with a 95% confidence interval while absolute reliability was expressed in standard error of measurement (SEM) and percentage of coefficient of variation (CV%). Test sensitivity was assessed by comparing the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) with SEM, while MDC values with 95% confidence interval (MDC95) were established. Measurements in most groups, except 10-m shuttle run test (ICC3,1: 0.56 to 0.74 [moderate]) in the 3.5 to 5.5-year-old groups, balance beam test in 4- and 5-year-old (ICC3,1: 0.33 to 0.35 [poor]) and 5.5-year-old (ICC3,1 = 0.68 [moderate]) groups, and double-leg timed hop test (ICC3,1 = 0.67 [moderate]) in the 4.5-year-old group, demonstrated good to excellent relative reliability (ICC3,1: 0.77 to 0.97). The balance beam walking test showed poor absolute reliability in all the groups (SEM%: 11.76 to 22.28 and CV%: 15.40 to 24.78). Both standing long jump and sit-and-reach tests demonstrated good sensitivity (SWC > SEM) in all subjects group, boys, and girls. Pairwise comparison revealed systematic bias with significantly better performance in the second trial (p<0.01) of all the tests with moderate to large effect size.

scholarly journals The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Lu ◽  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Menghao Sang ◽  
Longkai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited.Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test.Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time.Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.

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