scholarly journals Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Taye Jemilat Lasisi ◽  
Shehu Tijani Shittu ◽  
Akinola Rasak Alada
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level

Kwashiorkor, a form of malnutrition, has been shown to cause impaired salivary secretion. However, there is dearth of information on the mechanism that underlies this complication. Also, whether returning to normal diet after kwashiorkor will reverse these complications or not is yet to be discerned. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the mechanisms that underlie kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments and to evaluate the effects of switching back to normal-diet on kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments. Weaning rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, kwashiorkor group (KG), re-fed kwashiorkor group (RKG)) of 7 rats each. The control group had standard rat chow while the KG and RKG were fed 2% protein diet for 6 weeks to induce kwashiorkor. The RKG had their diet changed to standard rat-chow for another 6 weeks. Blood and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the analysis of total protein, electrolytes, amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate, leptin, and ghrelin. Tissue total protein, nitric oxide level, expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase, muscarinic (M3) receptor, and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands were also determined. Data were presented as means ± SEM and compared using ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. RKG showed improved salivary function evidenced by reduced salivary lag-time and potassium and increased flow rate, sodium, amylase, IgA secretion rate, leptin, submandibular nitric oxide level, and aquaporin 5 expression compared with KG. This study for the first time demonstrated that kwashiorkor caused significant reduction in salivary secretion through reduction of nitric oxide level and aquaporin 5 expression in submandibular salivary glands. Normal-diet re-feeding after kwashiorkor returned salivary secretion to normal.

Re-establishing normal diet following high fat-diet-induced obesity reverses the altered salivary composition in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taye Jemilat Lasisi ◽  
Shehu-Tijani Toyin Shittu ◽  
Akinola Rasak Alada
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
M3 Receptor

Abstract Background Obesity has been implicated in impaired salivary secretion. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of diet-induced obesity on salivary secretion and how re-feeding with normal diet would affect changes in salivary secretion associated with diet-induced obesity. Methods Weaning rats weighing 55–65 g were randomly divided into three groups (control, diet-induced obese, re-fed obese) of seven rats each. The diet-induced obese group was fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks, whereas the re-fed obese group received normal diet for another 15 weeks following the 15 weeks of high-fat diet. After treatment, blood and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the analyses of total protein, electrolytes, amylase, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), leptin and ghrelin. Tissue total protein, nitric oxide level, expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase, muscarinic (M3) receptor and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands were determined. Data were presented as mean±SEM and compared using independent student t-test and ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results Results indicated increases in the levels of salivary calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate and leptin, whereas the levels of salivary amylase and ghrelin showed reduction in the obese group compared with the control. Most of these changes were reversed in the re-fed obese group. There were no significant differences in salivary lag time, flow rate, levels of tissue total protein, nitric oxide and the relative expressions of M3 receptor, Na++/K+-ATPase and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands between the obese and control groups. Conclusions Diet-induced obesity lead to some changes in salivary factors which were reversed by returning to normal diet.

scholarly journals Stimulated saliva composition in patients with cancer of the head and neck region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrica Almhöjd ◽  
Hulya Cevik-Aras ◽  
Niclas Karlsson ◽  
Jin Chuncheng ◽  
Annica Almståhl
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Abstract Background To analyse over time changes in stimulated whole saliva regarding total protein, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and mucin type O-glycans (mostly MUC5B and MUC7) in head and neck cancer patients. Methods 29 dentate patients (20 men and 9 women, 59 ± 8 years) treated with curative radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer of the head and neck region were included. The stimulated whole salivary secretion rate was determined and saliva collected at four time-points: at pretreatment, and at 6 months, 1 and 2 years post treatment. The total protein concentration was determined spectrophotometrically by using Bicinchoninic Acid assay and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) by using ELISA technique. Glycosylation pattern of salivary mucins was determined in samples collected pre- and post treatment by using LC/MS electrospray and mucin content quantified using SDS-AgPAGE gels and PAS staining. Results Compared with pretreatment, the total protein concentration was increased already at 6 months post treatment (p < 0.01), and continued to increase up to 2 years post treatment (p < 0.001). During that period no significant changes in IgA concentration was detected. At pretreatment, the output/min of both total protein and IgA was significantly higher than at all time-points post treatment. Saliva from the cancer patients showed a low abundance/no detectable MUC7, while the MUC5B level remained, compared to saliva from a healthy control. The glycomic analysis showed that the percentage of core 2 O-glycans was increased as core 1, 3 and 4 O-glycans were decreased. The level of sialylation was higher at 6 months post treatment, while sulfation was lower. Conclusion A decreased output per minute of proteins at decreased salivary secretion rate, as well as reduced sulfation of MUC5B at 6 months post treatment tended to correlate with the patients’ experience of sticky saliva and oral dryness. At 2 years post treatment, the decreased amount of IgA combined with a lowered salivary secretion rate indicate a reduced oral defense with increased risk of oral infections.

scholarly journals Oral L-Arginine lower neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts but failed to increase nitric oxide and epithelialization in the healing process of male white diabetic wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Fenni Liem ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
I Wayan Weta
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Oral L-Arginine is a conditional essential amino acid that plays a role in wound healing in DM. The role of arginine in diabetic wounds is by enhancing blood circulation in the injured area and increasing oxygen supply to the wound tissue. The purpose of this study to prove the administration of oral L-Arginine toward vascularization status in wound healing of male white rats wistar diabetes mellitus. Methods:   A randomized posttest only control group study using with 36 diabetic induced wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) aged 2-3 months and weighing 180-200gram which then divided randomly into two groups. Nitric oxide level was measured on the third day and each group was then further divided into two groups for examination of neovascularization, fibroblasts and epithelialization on the seventh day and on the tenth day. Results: Administration oral L-Arginine failed to induce any significant change in Nitric Oxide level and wound gap closure. On the other hand, the results showed that the mean neovascularization was significantly different between the two groups on the 10th day (Control group vs intervention group: 4.22±1922 vs1.89±1364; p=0.009). In addition, the mean number of fibroblast at the 10th day was also significantly different (Control group vs intervention group: 74.11±28.57 vs 38.11±20.90; p=0.008). Conclusion: In conclusion, oral L-Arginine did not significantly affect nitric oxide and epithelialization while decreased neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts on day tenth in the healing process of male white rats diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals NO Level and Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Polymorphism (Glu298Asp) in the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease from the Turkish Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lale Afrasyap ◽  
Guler Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enos Gene ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase encoded by eNOS gene. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum nitric oxide level and eNOS gene polymorphism in the Turkish population with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease (63.47 ± 9.10 years old, n=250) and control subjects without any history and/or risk factors of coronary artery disease (60.71 ± 9.14 years old, n=150). Griess assay and PCR-RFLP analysis were used to measure the serum nitric oxide metabolites and genotypes, respectively. It was found that Glu/Glu, Glu/Asp and Asp/ Asp genotype frequencies of the eNOS were 49.3%, 41.3% and 9.3% respectively in the control group, and 45.6%, 41.2% and 13.2% in the patient group. Serum nitric oxide levels were (32.56 ± 17.26) μM in controls and (29.84 ± 11.88) μM in patients. Neither the frequencies of the Glu298Asp genotypes nor the serum nitric oxide levels showed a significant difference between the groups. There was also no correlation between serum nitric oxide levels and the frequencies of the eNOS genotypes. Result showed that the coronary artery disease of the Turkish population seemed to develop without any alterations in eNOS Glu298Asp genotype frequency and the serum nitric oxide level.

scholarly journals The resting salivary antimicrobial proteins and cortisol concentration in wrestlers during 12-week training

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Trochimiak ◽  
Elżbieta Hübner-Woźniak ◽  
Paweł Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
System Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preparatory Period

Summary Study aim: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12-week training on saliva immunoendocrine response in collegiate male and female wrestlers. Material and methods: the control group was composed of men and women of the same age, not engaged in any sports activity except for physical education classes at the university. The examined athletes participated in a 12-week training program, which consisted of two sub-phases (preparatory period and competitive period). Saliva samples were collected at three time points: at the beginning (the first point), after six weeks of the preparatory period (the second point, which was the start of the competitive period) and after six weeks of the competitive period (the third point). Immunoglobulin A and cortisol concentration, and α-amylase activity were measured in saliva by respective ELISA kits. Immunoglobulin A was expressed as relative to total protein concentration (sIgA/total protein). Results: at the third time point, the sIgA/total protein ratio was significantly lower in female compared to male athletes. α-Amylase activity was lower in all examined athletes at all three time points compared to respective control groups. Conclusions: hormonal and mucosal antimicrobial system response can provide helpful information of body adaptive processes to physical strain as well as indicators of magnitude of training-induced stress.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide levels are not changed in saliva of patients infected with hepatitis C virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando N. Tavares ◽  
Patricia L. Gonçalves ◽  
Simone A.C. Porto ◽  
Fausto E.L. Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The aim of this investigation was to determine nitric oxide metabolite levels in saliva samples from hepatitis C virus-positive patients in an attempt to test the hypothesis if increased levels of nitric oxide metabolites correlates with the presence of HCV-RNA in saliva. Saliva of 39 HCV-positive patients and 13 HCV-negative patients, without clinical or laboratorial evidence of liver disease were tested for nitric oxide metabolites. HCV-RNA was detected in serum and saliva by a RT-PCR method and nitric oxide level was determined by evaluation of its stable degradation products, nitrate and nitrite. No differences were found between the concentration of nitrite in saliva from HCV patients and controls, in despite of the presence or not of HCV RNA in saliva. Patients with HCV and cirrhosis had higher concentrations of nitrite but not significantly different from the control group or the groups of anti-HCV patients without cirrhosis. Increased levels of nitrite were not detected in anti-HCV positive patients, an indirect indication that chronic sialoadenitis are infrequent in these patients or occurs with low intensity not sufficient to increase nitric oxide metabolite levels in saliva.

Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress in the submandibular glands of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taye J. Lasisi ◽  
Shehu-Tijani T. Shittu ◽  
Jude I. Abeje ◽  
Kehinde J. Ogunremi ◽  
Seyyid A. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objectives Paradoxical sleep deprivation has been associated with impaired salivary secretion in rats. However, the mechanism that underlies this is not known. Therefore, this study assessed salivary and serum oxidative stress levels following paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Methods Twenty-one male Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups of seven rats each as; Control (C); partial sleep-deprived (PSD); and total sleep-deprived (TSD) were used. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were evaluated in saliva, serum, and submandibular glands after seven days of sleep deprivation. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc, and Pearson’s correlation tests. Results Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in both the TSD and PSD groups compared to the control group whereas only the TSD group showed higher submandibular MDA levels compared to the PSD group and the control group. Submandibular SOD activity was significantly lower in both the TSD and PSD groups compared to the control group. Serum catalase activity was significantly lower in the TSD group only compared to the control group. Conclusions These results have demonstrated for the first time that paradoxical sleep deprivation was associated with changes in the oxidant/antioxidant defense system in the submandibular salivary glands of male Wistar rats which may contribute to impairment in salivary secretion.

scholarly journals The effect of cadmium loading on protein synthesis function and functional state of laying hens’ liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
B. Gutyj ◽  
A. Ostapiuk ◽  
N. Kachmar ◽  
O. Stadnytska ◽  
O. Sobolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Experimental Group

In the article are considered issues related to the study of the effect of cadmium on the body of birds, in particular laying hens. The effect of cadmium sulfate at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight on protein synthesis function and functional state of the liver were investigated of cross-laying Hysex white hens, of 78 weeks old. Three groups of chickens were formed: two experimental and one control groups. The laying hens of the experimental groups were subjected to a cadmium load. Laying chickens of the first experimental group were given cadmium sulfate at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight. Laying chickens of the second experimental group were given cadmium sulfate at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg body weight. Laying chickens in the control group were in the normal diet without cadmium. Increased activity of aminotransferases, in particular alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in their serum of hens, was observed during cadmium binge drinking in doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. These changes indicate a violation of the functional state of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium load. In the study of protein synthesis of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium loading, it was found that cadmium sulfate in the above doses contributed to a significant decrease in the level of total protein by 14, 21 and 30 days of the experiment. The reduction of total protein in the blood of laying hens was due to a decrease in the level of albumin, which in the second experimental group, respectively, decreased to 28.16 ± 0.75%, whereas in the first – 29.62 ± 0.98%. In the study of the level of globulins, it is possible to increase this indicator in both experimental groups of poultry for 21 days. Drinking with water cadmium sulfate at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg body weight was associated with a more likely decrease in total protein and albumin than drinking cadmium sulfate at a lower dose.

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