Influence of exercise amount and intensity on long-term weight loss maintenance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS production in humans

Sustaining a weight loss after a lifestyle intervention is challenging. The objective of the present study was to investigate if mitochondrial function is associated with the ability to maintain a weight loss. Sixty-eight former participants in an 11–12-week lifestyle intervention were recruited into 2 groups; weight loss maintenance (WLM; body mass index (BMI): 32 ± 1 kg/m2) and weight regain (WR; BMI: 43 ± 2 kg/m2) based on weight loss measured at a follow-up visit (WLM: 4.8 ± 0.4; WR: 7.6 ± 0.8 years after lifestyle intervention). Maximal oxygen consumption rate, physical activity level, and blood and muscle samples were obtained at the follow-up experiment. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. Fasting blood samples were used to calculate glucose homeostasis index. WR had impaired glucose homeostasis and decreased maximal oxygen uptake and physical activity level compared with WLM. The decreased physical activity in WR was due to a lower activity level at vigorous and moderate intensities. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and citrate synthase (CS) activity was higher in WLM, but intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity (mitochondrial respiratory capacity corrected for mitochondrial content (CS activity)) was similar. ROS production was higher in WR compared with WLM, which was accompanied by a decreased content of antioxidant proteins in WR. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle is not associated with the ability to maintain a long-term weight loss. WLM had a higher maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and CS activity compared with WR. The reduced glucose tolerance was concurrent with increased ROS production per mitochondria in WR, and could also be associated with the lower physical activity level in this group.

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Long term effects of exercise training on physical activity level and quality of life in elderly coronary patients — A three- to six-year follow-up

Physiotherapy Research International ◽

10.1002/pri.268 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Camilla Hage ◽

Eva Mattsson ◽

Agneta Ståhle

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Coronary Patients

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Relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance: Study rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494816682378 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sune Dandanell ◽

Anne-Marie Elbe ◽

Gertrud Pfister ◽

Peter Elsborg ◽

Jørn W Helge

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Weight Loss Maintenance ◽

Activity Level

Aims: To investigate the relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance. Methods: We recruited 84 sedentary (maximal oxygen uptake: 25 ± 5 ml/min), overweight and obese (Body mass index (BMI) 38 ± 7 m/h2, fat 44 ± 7 %) women ( n = 55) and men ( n = 29) for an interdisciplinary prospective study with follow-up. The change in lifestyle and weight loss is promoted via a 3-month intensive lifestyle intervention at a private health school. The intervention consists of supervised training (1–3 hours/day), a healthy hypo-caloric diet (−500 to −700 kCal/day) and education in healthy lifestyle in classes/groups. The participants’ body weight and composition (Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry), volitional skills (questionnaire), physical activity level (heart rate accelerometer/questionnaire) and maximal oxygen uptake (indirect calorimetry) are to be monitored before, after, and 3 and 12 months after the intervention. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, three different groups will be established: Clinical weight loss maintenance (> 10% weight loss from baseline), moderate weight loss maintenance (1–10% weight loss) and no weight loss (or weight regain). A linear mixed model analysis will be used to compare levels of volitional skills, physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake over time, between the three groups. Correlational analyses will be used to investigate possible associations between volition, maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level and weight loss maintenance. Conclusions: If specific volitional skills are identified as predictors of adherence to physical activity and success in clinical weight loss maintenance, these can be trained in future intensive lifestyle interventions in order to optimize the success rate.

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The Association of Prior Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Diabetes Support and Education with Frailty Prevalence at Long-Term Follow-up in the Action for Health in Diabetes Extension Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab312 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara E Espinoza

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Frailty Phenotype ◽

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Look Ahead ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Frailty is common in older adults with obesity and diabetes. We compared prevalence of the frailty phenotype between intervention groups in long-term follow-up of Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing a multidomain intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) that promoted weight loss and physical activity with a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Methods Participants included 2,979 individuals randomized to ILI or DSE in 2001-04 who completed frailty assessment in Look AHEAD - Extension Wave 1 (2016-2018) at average age of 72.1 ± 6.2 years. Frailty was assessed using a modified frailty phenotype (excluding weight loss) defined as the presence of 3 or more of: weakness, slow gait speed, low physical activity, and exhaustion. Frailty odds by intervention assignment (DSE vs. ILI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for sex, clinic site, and time since randomization. Results At median follow-up of 14.0 years [IQR: 13.8-14.1], frailty prevalence was 10.9% in ILI compared with 11.6% in DSE (odds ratio for frailty in ILI vs. DSE =0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.75-1.18, P =0.60). Frailty was more prevalent in participants who were older, female, non-white, of lower socioeconomic status, and at baseline had a higher BMI and waist circumference, longer duration of diabetes, history of CVD, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Prior randomization to ILI compared with DSE was not associated with a lower prevalence of frailty after a median follow-up of 14.0 years in adults with diabetes and overweight or obesity.

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Prediction of physical activity level in adulthood by physical characteristics, physical performance and physical activity in adolescence: an 11-year follow-up study

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00239871 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

B. Glenmark ◽

G. Hedberg ◽

E. Jansson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Activity Level ◽

Follow Up Study

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The impact of supervised exercise intervention on short-term postprogram leisure time physical activity level in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: 1- and 3-month follow-up on the body & cancer project

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951506060044 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

JULIE MIDTGAARD ◽

ANDERS TVETERÅS ◽

MIKAEL RØRTH ◽

REINHARD STELTER ◽

LIS ADAMSEN

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Level ◽

Supervised Exercise ◽

Cancer Project

Background:Exercise is becoming an important component of cancer rehabilitation programs. A consistent finding across studies is that patients experience improved physical fitness and reduced fatigue. However, sustained physical activity is essential if the benefits are to be preserved over the course of cancer survivorship.Objective:This study examined self-reported short-term exercise adherence following a 6-week, supervised exercise program (muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, relaxation, body awareness, and massage) in a heterogeneous group of 61 cancer patients (mean age 42.9 years, 82% oncological and 18% haematological) from the Body & Cancer Project.Methods:Semistructured interviews were used to quantitatively assess leisure time physical activity level 1 and 3 months after completion of the program. The study furthermore included 3-month follow-up assessment of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—HADS). Patient statements were selected that best illustrated trends found in the statistical material.Results:There was a significant postprogram reduction in physical activity from 6 to 10 weeks and from 6 to 18 weeks. However, the patients (half of whom were still undergoing treatment at the time of follow-up) reported a higher physical activity level postprogram compared to their baseline levels. The analyses showed a positive association between the 3-month postprogram physical activity level and pre-illness physical activity level, treatment, and postprogram changes in depression.Significance of research:Given the significant decrease in postprogram PA level, especially in subjects still undergoing cancer treatment, the study suggests that continuous supervised programs may be required in order to encourage and support exercise adherence in this population. However, randomized clinical controlled trials and more follow-up studies are needed to establish the optimal program length and content for sustained exercise adherence in cancer patients.

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Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000494137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 229-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Haritz Arrieta ◽

Gotzone Hervás ◽

Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽

Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽

Miren Iturburu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

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Can a Multicomponent-Overnight Camp Increase Physical Activity Among Danish Children? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Dorthe Dalstrup Jakobsen ◽

Jasper Schipperijn ◽

Jens Meldgaard Bruun

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

And Behavior ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

Background: In Denmark, most children are not sufficiently physically active and only a few interventions have been found to increase long-term physical activity among overweight and obese children. The aim of our study was to investigate if children are physically active in correspondence to Danish recommendations after attending a multicomponent-overnight camp. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to estimate children’s physical activity level and behavior and investigate how transport, economy, availability, time, motivation, and knowledge about physical activity affect children’s physical activity level and behavior. Results: In this study, 60.9% of the children did vigorous physical activity (VPA) minimum 30 minutes 3 times per week up to 3 years after camp. Most children were physically active at a sports club (44.3%) and only 5.7% of the children did not participate in physical activity. Parental physical activity and child motivation toward physical activity were significantly (P < .05) associated with children doing VPA. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that 60.9% of children who attended camp engage in VPA after camp, which compared with a recent Danish study, is more frequent than children who did not attend camp. Further investigations are needed to determine the long-term health effects in children attending interventions such as multicomponent-overnight camps.

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