Localized increases of polyphenol concentration and antioxidant capacity in relation to the differential accumulations of copper and cadmium in roots and in shoots of sunflower

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hnia Yaakoubi ◽  
Guy Samson ◽  
Mustapha Ksontini ◽  
Wided Chaibi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Stimulation Of

In this study, we examined the relevance of polyphenols in the response of sunflower plants to acute Cu and Cd stresses. More specifically, we aimed to correlate spatially and temporally the accumulation of polyphenols with the occurrence of oxidative stress, and to estimate their contribution to the antioxidant capacities. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Cu and Cd (75 µmol·L–1) in the nutrient solution caused oxidative damage, as detected by the accumulation of malondialdehyde, in roots of Cu-treated plants and in leaves of Cd-treated plants; in the latter, significant inhibition of photosynthesis also occurred. These effects were in agreement with the preferential accumulation of Cu in the roots and the greater translocation of Cd to the shoots. This oxidative damage was associated with a concerted plant response, characterized by stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities, and by the accumulation of polyphenols whose concentrations were closely correlated (R2 = 0.95) to the total antioxidant capacity of plants extracts. Globally, the co-occurrence of oxidative damages and polyphenol accumulation, and the correlations among polyphenol concentrations, total antioxidant capacities, and stimulations of the peroxidases support the involvement of polyphenols in protection against oxidative damage generated by Cu and Cd in plants.

Determination of total antioxidant capacity of milk by CUPRAC and ABTS methods with separate characterisation of milk protein fractions

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Demirci Çekiç ◽  
Aslı Demir ◽  
Kevser Sözgen Başkan ◽  
Esma Tütem ◽  
Reşat Apak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Relative Standard Error ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Most milk-applied antioxidant assays in literature are based on the isolation and quantification of individual antioxidative compounds, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAC) gives a more holistic picture due to cooperative action of antioxidants. Recently, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method has been modified to measure the antioxidant capacities of thiol-containing proteins, where the classical ammonium acetate buffer – that may otherwise precipitate proteins– was replaced with concentrated urea buffer (able to expose embedded thiol groups of proteins to oxidative attack) adjusted to pH 7.0. Thus, antioxidant capacity of milk was investigated with two competing TAC assays, namely CUPRAC and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid))/persulphate, because only these assays were capable of evaluating protein contribution to the observed TAC value. As milk fat caused turbidity, experiments were carried out with skim milk or defatted milk samples. To determine TAC, modified CUPRAC method was applied to whole milk, separated and redissolved protein fractions, and the remaining liquid phase after necessary operations. Both TAC methods were investigated for their dilution sensitivity and antioxidant power assessment of separate milk fractions such as casein and whey. Proteins like β-lactoglobulin and casein (but not simple thiols) exhibited enhanced CUPRAC reactivity with surfactant (SDS) addition. Addition of milk protein fractions to whole skim milk produced significant ‘negative-biased’ deviations (up to −26% relative standard error) from TAC absorbance additivity in the application of the ABTS method, as opposed to that of the CUPRAC method less affected by chemical deviations from Beer's law thereby producing much smaller deviations from additivity (i.e. the property of additivity is valid when the measured TAC of a mixture is equal to the sum of individual antioxidant capacities of its constituents).

scholarly journals Enrichment and Assessment of the Contributions of the Major Polyphenols to the Total Antioxidant Activity of Onion Extracts: A Fractionation by Flash Chromatography Approach

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossain ◽  
Justine Lebelle ◽  
Rares Birsan ◽  
Dilip Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Quercetin Glycoside ◽  
Quercetin Aglycone

The present study extensively fractionated crude red onion extract in order to identify the polyphenols which contributed most in the total antioxidant capacity of the onion extract using a flash chromatography system. The flash separations produced 70 fractions which were tested for their total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacities as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Out of these 70 fractions, four fractions which were representatives of the four major peaks of the flash chromatograms, were further analysed for their constituent polyphenols using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main contributor of onion antioxidant capacity is quercetin glycoside followed by quercetin aglycone although quercetin aglycone had higher antioxidant capacity than its glycosidic counterparts. High abundance of quercetin glycosides such as quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside and quercetin-4′-glucoside had compensated for their relatively low antioxidant capacities. A Higher degree of glycosylation resulted in lower antioxidant capacity. The fractionation approach also contributed in enrichment of the onion antioxidant polyphenols. A >9 folds enrichment was possible by discarding the early fractions (fractions 1–15) which contained the main bulk of the extracts, predominantly sugars.

scholarly journals Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Santos-Rosendo ◽  
Fernando Bugatto ◽  
Alvaro González-Domínguez ◽  
Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho ◽  
Rosa Maria Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Experimental Guidelines for Studies Designed to Investigate the Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation on Exercise Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Powers ◽  
Ashley J. Smuder ◽  
Andreas N. Kavazis ◽  
Matthew B. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Research interest in the effects of antioxidants on exercise-induced oxidative stress and human performance continues to grow as new scientists enter this field. Consequently, there is a need to establish an acceptable set of criteria for monitoring antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in tissues. Numerous reports have described a wide range of assays to detect both antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage to biomolecules, but many techniques are not appropriate in all experimental conditions. Here, the authors present guidelines for selecting and interpreting methods that can be used by scientists to investigate the impact of antioxidants on both exercise performance and the redox status of tissues. Moreover, these guidelines will be useful for reviewers who are assigned the task of evaluating studies on this topic. The set of guidelines contained in this report is not designed to be a strict set of rules, because often the appropriate procedures depend on the question being addressed and the experimental model. Furthermore, because no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate in every experimental situation, the authors strongly recommend using multiple assays to verify a change in biomarkers of oxidative stress or redox balance.

scholarly journals Effects of Regular Treadmill Exercise on a DNA Oxidative-Damage Marker and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rat Hippocampal Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleiman Mahjoub ◽  
Arezoo Ghadi ◽  
Roghayeh Pourbagher ◽  
Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki ◽  
Jila Masrour-Roudsari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Dna Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Damage Marker

scholarly journals Antioxidative responses to seasonal changes and chemiluminescence assay of Astragalus onobrychis leaves extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Miladinović ◽  
Budimir Ilić ◽  
Stevo Najman ◽  
Olga Cvetković ◽  
Aleksandra Šajnović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractThe aim of this study was to research the seasonal changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity in leaves of Astragalus onobrychis L. subsp. chlorocarpus (Griseb.) S. Kozuharov et D.K. Pavlova. Leaves of A. onobrychis were collected during the different stages of growth and analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase. Quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals were measured as well as the content of soluble proteins. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity was determined by the inhibition of chemiluminescence activity of blood phagocytes by leaf extracts. Stages of vegetation significantly affected the accumulation of superoxide radicals, but there were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical quantity and lipid peroxidation levels during vegetation. Soluble proteins vary greatly between different stages of growth. Seasonal changes were found to have an effect on enzymatic activities. During the spring season, guaiacol peroxidase showed the highest levels. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase increased their activities in summer, while, during the autumn season, superoxide dismutase showed maximum activity. On the basis of chemiluminescence assay, it can be concluded that leaf extract of A. onobrychis possesses a significant antioxidant capacity thus protecting plants during environmental stress.

scholarly journals Relevance of apple consumption for protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human lymphocytes

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Maffei ◽  
Andrea Tarozzi ◽  
Fabio Carbone ◽  
Alessandra Marchesi ◽  
Silvana Hrelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ros Formation

In a single-dosing crossover study, we investigated the ability of apple fruit consumption to protect human lymphocytes against peroxide-induced damage to DNA. Six healthy, non-smoking male volunteers were placed for 2 d on an antioxidant-poor (AP) diet. After 48 h of AP diet, the volunteers were required to consume a homogenate obtained from 600 g of red delicious unpeeled apples or water (500 ml); blood samples were collected 0, 3, 6 and 24 h post-consumption. To evaluate whether the apple intake was sufficient to restore resistance of DNA to oxidative damage, for each subject at any time point the plasma total antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and induction of micronuclei (MN) in isolated lymphocytes following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment were measured. Results indicated a significant inhibition (58 %, P < 0·05) of H2O2-induced MN frequency in the plasma samples collected at 3 h after apple consumption, as compared with plasma samples collected at 0 h (4·17 (sd 1·83) v. 9·85 (sd 1·87) MN/1000 binucleated (BN) cells, respectively). A gradual return towards the value observed at 0 h was recorded starting from 6 to 24 h. MN frequency induced by H2O2 was significantly influenced by plasma total antioxidant activity (r = –0·95, P < 0·05) and by the increase of intracellular ROS formation (r = 0·88, P < 0·05). These findings suggest that the consumption of whole apple provides a useful dietary source of active scavengers to protect cells and tissue from oxidative stress and related DNA injury.

Effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity in lead-exposed workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela-Leonor Rendón-Ramírez ◽  
María Maldonado-Vega ◽  
Martha-Angelica Quintanar-Escorza ◽  
Gerardo Hernández ◽  
Bertha-Isabel Arévalo-Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Vitamin E And C

scholarly journals Variability of the Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanolic Extracts of Pomegranate Peel

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Antony Kam ◽  
Kong M Li ◽  
Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski ◽  
Srinivas Nammi ◽  
Kelvin Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Pomegranate is a popular food due to its high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities. Pomegranate peel is used in traditional medicine and has greater antioxidant capacity compared with other parts of pomegranate. This study elucidated the differences in the polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities of the methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel from different geographical localities including Australia, China and USA. The results showed that pomegranate peel from China generally had higher polyphenolic contents and antioxidant capacities than those from Australia and USA. The total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, but not condensed tannins, were closely correlated with their total antioxidant activities. Differentiation of extracts from Chinese pomegranate peel to those extracts originating from Australia and USA were achieved by multivariate analyses based on their polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities. The results indicate that polyphenols are useful indicators to differentiate the geographical localities of pomegranate peel and to predict their antioxidant activities. Overall, geographical localities should be taken into consideration when evaluating the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel.

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