TOTAL GROWTH OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF A WHITE SPRUCE TREE AT CHALK RIVER, ONTARIO, CANADA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
L. Belanger ◽  
D. McGuire ◽  
Z. Zdrazil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Growth

Apical and radial growth in trunk and branches, and needle distribution were studied in a white spruce tree 11 meters high and 36 years old. Growth was summarized according to (1) years of formation (Oblique Summation), (2) transversely by trunk internodes (Horizontal Summation), and (3) position of the annual rings and branch internodes (and needles) relative to the pith or trunk respectively (Vertical Summation). In this study summations 1 and 3 were considered to reflect internal (nutritional and hormonal) controls of growth, whereas summation 2 represented the effect of environmental factors including periodicity of flower and seed formation.The tree studied possessed [Formula: see text] million needles when sampled in 1961, two-fifths of which were formed during the last 2 years of growth. The percentage of ash in the needles varied from 4 in the new needles to almost 8% in those 10 years old. The productive capacity of one "average" needle in terms of apical growth, trunk wood, and new needle formation was estimated.

Total growth of a black spruce (Picea mariana) tree at Chalk River, Ontario, Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
D. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
The Individual

Apical and radial growth in trunk, branches, and roots, together with needle and cone distribution, were studied in a black spruce tree 31 years old and [Formula: see text] high. Growth of aerial parts was summarized as follows: (1) according to years of formation (oblique summation); (2) transversely on trunk inter-nodes (horizontal summation); and (3) according to the position of the annual rings, and the branch internodes (and needles) in relation to the pith or trunk (vertical summation). Root segments were classified on the basis of their diameter and distance from the trunk. Calculated on a dry-weight basis, the trunk accounted for 37%, the branches for 24%, the roots for 21%, and the needles for 18% of the grand total of 81 kg.The tree had 7.8 million needles when sampled in the fall of 1963, one-quarter of which were formed during the last 2 years of growth. Dry weight of individual needles varied with both position and age. While needles of the same season from the lower part of the crown exceeded those from the upper part in length, the reverse was true for the individual dry-weight content.In black spruce, cone periodicity, while distinct, is not as pronounced as in white spruce. The productive capacity of one "average" needle was estimated in terms of apical growth, trunk wood, and needle and root formation.

Radial Growth Decline of White Spruce (Picea glauca) During Hot Summers without Drought: Preliminary Results from a Study Site South of a Boreal Forest Border

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lapenis ◽  
George Robinson ◽  
Gregory B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Hot Days

Here we investigate the possible<sup></sup> future response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013-2017. Results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 oC. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013-2017 average. However, in those same years the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 versus 100 day), radial growth season. Abundant (350-500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20-30% allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded daily average of 30<sup> o</sup>C that lead to photoinhibition.

Within-tree patterns of wood stiffness for white spruce (Picea glauca) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
Alexis Achim
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Radial patterns of modulus of elasticity (MOE) were examined for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuoides Michx.) from 19 mature, uneven-aged stands in the boreal mixedwood region of northern Alberta, Canada. The main objectives were to (1) evaluate the relationship between pith-to-bark changes in MOE and cambial age or distance from pith; (2) develop species-specific models to predict pith-to-bark changes in MOE; and (3) to test the influences of radial growth, relative vertical height, and tree slenderness (tree height/DBH) on MOE. For both species, cambial age was selected as the best explanatory variable with which to build pith-to-bark models of MOE. For white spruce and trembling aspen, the final nonlinear mixed-effect models indicated that an augmented rate of increase in MOE occurred with increasing vertical position within the tree. For white spruce trees, radial growth and slenderness were found to positively influence maximum estimated MOE. For trembling aspen, there was no apparent effect of vertical position or radial growth on maximum MOE. The results shed light on potential drivers of radial patterns of MOE and will be useful in guiding silvicultural prescriptions.

Response of stem radial growth of Qinghai spruce ( Picea crassifolia ) to environmental factors in the Qilian Mountains of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyan Tian ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Shengchun Xiao ◽  
Xiaomei Peng ◽  
Aijun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
The Qilian Mountains ◽  
Qinghai Spruce

Radial growth ofPinus koraiensisand carbon sequastration potential of the old growth forest in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
于健 YU Jian ◽  
罗春旺 LUO Chunwang ◽  
徐倩倩 XU Qianqian ◽  
孟盛旺 MENG Shengwang ◽  
李俊清 LI Junqing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

scholarly journals The logging of a world heritage site: Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Timoney
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
River Valley ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

Logging of the riparian old-growth white spruce forests of Wood Buffalo National Park took place from 1951 to 1991. Operations were conducted in the Peace River valley in the Big Island block (Timber Berth (TB) 408) and the Peace Delta block, and in the Athabasca River valley. Approximately 70% of the pre-logging old-growth riparian forests have been lost to logging, leaving a remnant of ~100 km2 in the park, of which ~30 km2 are found in TB408. A minimum of 100 km2 has been logged from TB408. Natural regeneration has failed on 93% of these lands (9300 ha). The logging agreement, which expired in 1981, was renewed in 1983, the same year in which Wood Buffalo National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The history of logging in Wood Buffalo National Park is characterized by government mismanagement and industrial malpractice. There was never legal authority to log in Wood Buffalo National Park, as it contravened the National Parks Act (1930). The need for restoration is discussed. Key words: boreal, forestry, management, Peace River, riparian, white spruce, Wood Buffalo National Park

Changes in the radial growth of trees in relation to biogeomorphic processes in an old‐growth forest on flysch, Czechia

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2761-2772
Author(s):  
Jakub Kašpar ◽  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Martin Krůček ◽  
Pavel Daněk
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION BY SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM.) ON RADIAL GROWTH AT BREAST HEIGHT OF BALSAM FIR (ABIES BALSAMEA (L.) MILL.) AND WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA (MOENCH) VOSS.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Breast Height

The relationship between spruce budworm defoliation and radial growth at breast height for balsam fir and white spruce trees of merchantable size was studied in various stands in northwestern Ontario. Defoliation was recorded yearly for these stands from the beginning of the infestation, and radial growth measurements were obtained from increment cores. The first year of radial growth suppression was calculated by comparing the growth of the affected species with that of jack pine and red pine trees by means of a growth-ratio technique. Apparent suppression in balsam fir and white spruce varied between stands, and, generally, occurred at the earliest in the second year and at the latest in the fourth year of severe defoliation. A wide ring at the base of the tree coinciding with the first year of suppression as reported by Craighead was non-existent.

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