Effect of balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae, infestation on the food reserves of grand fir, Abies grandis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Puritch ◽  
M. Talmon-De L'Armee
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Reserves

Effects of balsam woolly aphid infestation on the concentration of ethanol-soluble and -insoluble carbohydrates were investigated in four age classes of needles and six age classes of twigs of grand fir, before and after bud break.In March, before bud break, sugars made up about two-thirds of the total carbohydrate content of the foliage. Aphid infestation did not affect the concentration of sugars in needles but reduced starch by 28%. In twigs, sugar concentrations were less in infested trees while starch concentrations were unaffected. Both older needles and twigs contained higher concentrations of starch than younger needles and twigs.After bud break in June, starch constituted the major form of carbohydrate, accounting for 65% of the total carbohydrate in non-infested foliage and 53% in infested foliage. Total carbohydrate content increased over that in March, in both infested and non-infested foliage, but the non-infested tissue showed the greatest increase. Starch content of infested foliage was reduced by 36%, while starch concentration of infested twigs was reduced by 18%.

scholarly journals Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrates in Mandarin cvs. ‘Fremont’, ‘Nova’ and ‘Robinson’ on Different Rootstocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan YILDIZ ◽  
Mustafa KAPLANKIRAN ◽  
Turan Hakan DEMIRKESER ◽  
Celil TOPLU
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Continuous Decrease

The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dörtyol, Turkey during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’ citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. × Citrus sinensis Osb. var. ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’), and common sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. common), rootstocks on the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in the leaves of cvs. ‘Fremont’, ‘Nova’, and ‘Robinson’ mandarin. The seasonal variation of carbohydrate content of the three cultivars budded on different rootstocks was nearly same. Soluble carbohydrate concentration showed a continuous decrease from January to mid or late-summer, and then slowly began to increase after early autumn till winter. The sucrose was the dominant soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The seasonal evolution of starch content in leaves increased initially during January to March, and then decreased in April. The starch concentration showed a continuous decrease slowly until the mid-autumn, and then accumulation began during late-autumn and winter. The total carbohydrate content differences among the rootstocks were significant, but the content was changed among the cultivars and according to the season. The change in the total carbohydrate content of leaf tissues showed a strong similarity in cultivars budded on different rootstocks throughout the year. The total carbohydrate content reached their lowest levels in July for cv. ‘Robinson’, in August for cv. ‘Fremont’ and cv. ‘Nova’. The total carbohydrate content in leaves increased from the mid- or late-summer to winter. It is suggested that the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in plant tissues can be considered during fertilization program in mandarin trees.

scholarly journals Seasonal and needle age-related variations in the biochemical characteristics of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deligöz Ayşe ◽  
Bayar Esra ◽  
Genç Musa ◽  
Karatepe Yasin ◽  
Kirdar Erol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Variations in the photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrate contents of needles of different age classes (current-year, 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old) of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lambert) Holmboe trees in a young natural stand were investigated during the growing season. In current-year needles, total carbohydrate content was lower during June and July when the needle growth continued than in older age classes, but it was similar to other age classes in the months of August to October. Seasonal patterns of variations in total carbohydrate content were almost similar in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased from May to June, remained relatively constant or declined slightly during summer and autumn in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. In October, the pigment content was highest in 1-year-old needles, and lowest in 3-year-old needles. Our study indicated that total carbohydrate and pigment contents were affected by needle age classes and seasons.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Characteristic of Casava Flour from Klenteng and Casessart (UJ5) Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Erliana Novitasari ◽  
Ratna Wylis Arief
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content

The technology of cassava flour modification has been researched and developed. Biological change by using BIMO-CF containing lactic acid bacteria is a practical technology that is easy to apply in the production of cassava flour. This research was conducted from May until August 2017 at Agrosains Park Natar with the aim to know the chemical characteristics of cassava flour from Klenteng and Casessart varieties. Observation parameters included analysis of moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, fiber content, total carbohydrate content, starch content, HCN content, and white degree at THP Polytechnic State Laboratory of Lampung. The results showed that the highest yield was produced by cassava flour from casessart variety with the addition of BIMO-CF were 23.11%. The water content of cassava flour produced ranged between 8.02-9.19%, by the quality requirements of SNI. The lowest ash content was cassava flour from casessart variety (1.19%) without the addition of starter. The addition of starter increased the protein content of cassava flour both of Klenteng variety (0.47%) and Casessart variety (1.11%), decreasing the fiber content for Klenteng variety (0.67%) and Casessart variety (0.90%). The amount of fat contained in cassava flour produced ranged from 0.69 to 0.87%. Carbohydrate content (Klenteng variety was 88.49%, and Casessart variety was 87,69%) and starch content (Klenteng variety was 85,98%, and Casessart variety was 84,83%), cassava flour with the addition of starter higher than cassava flour without the addition of starter. All of the cassava flour produced has HCN levels below the maximum limit (0.0216-0.0293%), while the degree of white (> 80%) has not met the quality requirements of SNI.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and crown size on asparagus yielding

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesińsk ◽  
Jerzy Stachowiak ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract In order to determine the effect of temperature on asparagus yielding in the case of different crown sizes, asparagus plants were planted in growth chambers, in an aeroponic system with recirculation. The results show that asparagus yield was dependent on air temperature and crown size; however, crown size had a greater influence on the yield. The diameter and weight of the asparagus spears were also dependent on crown size. Higher dry weight content, degrees Brix, fructan and total carbohydrate content in storage roots were documented in large crown asparagus plants before and after harvest. Large sized crowns were also shown to build thicker and higher ferns.

scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Uniconazole, Gibberellin, and Calcium on Salt Injuries of Hibiscus syriacus and H. hamabo Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 899F-900
Author(s):  
Moo R. Huh ◽  
Beyoung H. Kwack ◽  
Leonard P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Salt injury was induced by 5% (w/v) NaCl drenching on Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. & Zucc. and H. syriacus L. seedlings. Total chlorophyll content of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg·liter–1) treatment increased and 25- or 50-mg·liter–1 GA3 treatment decreased chlorophyll content of H. hamabo. Total chlorophyll content of H. syriacus was not affected by uniconazole or GA3. Total carbohydrate content of H. syriacus was more accumulated than that of H. homabo. Total carbohydrate content of H. hamabo was more decreased than that of H. syriacus by Ca (13.35 or 133.5 mM), uniconazole, or GA3 in relation to total carbohydrate contents. Protein contents of H. hamabo were higher than those of H. syriacus. Uniconazole or GA3 increased those of H. hamabo and decreased those of H. syriacus. Peroxidase activity of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole decreased that of H. hamabo and increased that of H. syriacus. GA3 or Ca (13.35 mM) treatment increased that of both species. ATPase activity of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole (5 mg·liter–1), GA3, or Ca decreased that of H. hamabo increased that of H. syriacus.

scholarly journals Composition analysis of selected Sri Lankan seaweeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M Jayakody ◽  
M.P.G Vanniarachchy ◽  
I. Wijesekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Ulva Fasciata ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Seaweeds are a rich source of health beneficial bioactive nutraceuticals and currently they are under-utilized in Sri Lanka. In the present study, proximate analysis of seaweed varieties Chnoospora minima and Porphyra sp. obtained from Mirissa, Matara, Sri Lanka and Ulva fasciata was taken from Point Dondra Matara, Sri Lanka on June, 2018 were investigated. The moisture content, total fat content, protein content and ash content were determined according to the Official methods of Analysis by Association of Official Analytical Chemists after drying for 8h at 600 C. The results revealed that the moisture contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.24 ± 0.20, 14.30 ± 0.14 and 18.11 ± 0.01 respectively. Total fat contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.28 ± 0.05 respectively. Protein contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.70 ± 0.2, 21.14 ± 0.04 and 11.84 ± 0.1. Total ash contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 17.20 ± 0.24, 5.40 ± 0.7 and 18.05 ± 0.21 respectively. Total carbohydrate content (%) was analyzed according to the Dubois method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed total carbohydrate content (%) as 3.87 + 0.66, 20.59 ± 0.24 and 7.68 ± 1.16 respectively. Moreover, the sulphate content was analyzed according to the precipitate method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed 1.45 ± 0.35, 2.75 ± 0.07 and 4.54 ± 0.06, sulfate contents (%) respectively. In conclusion, highest ash content which indicates a good mineral content was observed in Ulva fasciata and Chnoospora minima. Fibre, protein and carbohydrate contents are significantly different among the 3 samples. Highest fibre content was observed in Chnoospora minima. Highest protein and carbohydrate contents were observed in Porphyra sp. But there is no significant difference in fat contents among the three samples.

scholarly journals Measurement of macroalgae total carbohydrate content found in Lendang Luar coast, Lombok, Indonesia for potential sources of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
B T K Ilhami ◽  
A S Abidin ◽  
N W R Martyasari ◽  
N S H Kurniawan ◽  
H Padmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Analysis

Abstract Bioethanol is a renewable alternative energy through the process of fermenting sugar from carbohydrate sources by adding microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. Macroalgae or known as seaweed is one of the producers in the marine environment which has a high carbohydrate content so that it can be used as raw material for bioethanol. Macroalgae contains specific carbohydrates including laminarin, mannitol, alginate, agar and polysaccharides. The high carbohydrate content indicates the ethanol content produced. The aim of the study was to initial screen total carbohydrates in red algae (G. latifolium and G rugosa) and brown algae (M rosea, S. crassifolium, S. cristaefolium, S. polycystum, P.australis and T. muray ana). Carbohydrate total analysis was performed by colorimetric assay using the BioVision kit. The overall carbohydrate content found in macroalgae samples in this study was 28.23 fig (DW)1. The highest carbohydrate content was obtained by G. latifolium (37.50 fig (DW)1), followed by G rugosa (34.27 fig (DW)1) and S. cristaefolium (33.33 fig (DW)1). Current results show that macroalgae exhibits sufficient amounts of carbohydrate which could potentially be further developed as source for biotehanol.

INFLUENCE OF CROPPING TREATMENTS ON THE MONOSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF THE HYDROLYSATES OF A SOIL AND ITS AGGREGATE FRACTIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BALDOCK ◽  
B. D. KAY ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Fraction ◽  
Aggregate Fractions ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The influence of three cropping treatments on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the carbohydrate fraction of a silt loam soil and its water-stable aggregates was assessed. Three cropping treatments were considered: bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) grown continuously for 15 yr (B15), grain-corn (Zea mays L.) grown continuously using conventional tillage for 15 yr (C15), and grain-corn grown continuously for 13 yr followed by 2 yr of bromegrass (B13C2). Six water-stable aggregate size fractions ranging from 8.00–4.70 to 0.25–0.10 mm in diameter were separated from the soil by wet sieving. The carbohydrate fraction was extracted by acid hydrolysis, reduced, acetylated to alditol acetates and analyzed by temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Total carbohydrate content was not significantly influenced by cropping treatment but was observed to increase as aggregate size decreased irrespective of cropping treatment. The carbohydrate content in the different aggregate size fractions was positively correlated with both organic carbon and clay contents. With the exception of xylose and mannose, the monomeric sugars behaved similarly to total carbohydrates. Based on the magnitude of the ratio of the content of mannose to that of arabinose plus xylose, the contribution of plant carbohydrates to the total carbohydrate fraction increased as aggregate size decreased in the B15 treatment, but decreased in the C13B2 and C15 treatments. No significant correlations existed between either the total carbohydrate content or the content of individual sugars, and the stability of aggregates in the soils from the different cropping treatments. Key words: Wet aggregate stability, soil organic matter, soil structure, crop rotation, corn, bromegrass

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