Taxonomy of the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) using various numerical techniques. II. Classification

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Square Roots ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Tribe Triticeae

The paper reports on a study that consists of various numerical taxonomic analyses of genera of Triticeae aimed at finding intergeneric relationships based on maximum information and proposing a classificatory scheme. The data consist of morphological features, genetic relationships expressed in terms of successful crosses, and relationships assessed from the occurrence of intergeneric hybrid 'genera.' The morphological data were analysed separately in order to find out if they reflect by themselves the relationships between the genera before the data were combined with the information on crosses and on parentages of intergeneric hybrid 'genera.' The morphologic data consist of a set of 35 characters and one of 45 characters, both with equidistant states, and a set of 35 characters with weighted states. The combinations of data (morphology, crosses, and parentages) were effected through the merging of dissimilarity matrices using a few approaches such as squaring of elements of the matrices, adding the squares and taking their averages, and then taking the square roots of these averages. The relationships between the various matrices (original and combined) were assessed with Gower's technique of comparison of multivariate analyses. To find classifications, the various matrices were processed through cluster analyses. Admissible phenograms and admissible classifications were selected on the basis of a set of criteria. Subsequently, the admissible classifications were assessed using Estabrook's information theory model; a best classification was chosen. A new system of Triticeae is presented even though the data indicate clinal relationships among its members.

scholarly journals Morphologic and molecular assessments of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) landraces

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-614
Author(s):  
Esra CEBECI ◽  
Volkan GOZEN ◽  
Levent KESKIN ◽  
Aytul YILDIRIM
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Srap Marker ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Morphologic Data

In this study, 90 locally grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) landraces were collected and morphologically characterized using 20 descriptors derived from UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). Genetic diversity and relationships of the genotypes were revealed using 20 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker combinations. The discrimination power of each polymorphic marker (estimated by the polymorphism information content) ranged from 0.15 to 0.99 with an average of 0.73. Dice's similarity coefficient ranged between 0.00-1.00. The cluster analysis that was conducted using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) for both molecular and morphologic data showed that all of the genotypes fell into two main groups and many subdivisions. According to morphological data, fruit length, diameter and weight of the genotypes were determined between 6.5 - 32.5 cm, 25 - 52 mm and, 28 - 625 g respectively. It is clear from the results, a moderate level of genetic diversity, which has the potential for broadening the genetic base, was observed among the Turkish cucumber landraces.

Genetic relationships among napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) nursery accessions using AFLP markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Harris ◽  
William Anderson ◽  
Ravindra Malik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Arithmetic Average

Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (napiergrass) is a perennial grass used for forage especially in South America and Africa. Over the last 30 years, a USDA–ARS nursery containing accessions collected from all over the world has been established in Tifton, Georgia. The study reported here was conducted to assess the molecular genetic variation and genetic relatedness among 89 accessions from the Tifton nursery using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, morphological data and ploidy level. Using 218 polymorphic markers from eight selective primer combinations, the 89 accessions were clustered into five groups using a principal components analysis and a dendrogram based on Dice similarity estimates and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average clustering. These five groups include three groups collected from Kenya, a group from Puerto Rico, and accessions derived from the cultivar Merkeron. This research provides the first molecular characterization of the Tifton nursery, displays the relationships between accessions, and provides potential heterotic groups for napiergrass and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) breeding improvement.

Species delimitation in Capparis spinosa group (Capparaceae) in Iran: Multivariate morphometric analysis and ISSR markers

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
MARYAM AHMADI ◽  
HOJJATOLLAH SAEIDI ◽  
MANSOUR MIRTADZADINI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Simple Sequence

Multivariate morphometric approach (using PCA mix and CDA) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR) were used to characterize the patterns of morphological and genetic relationships of Capparis spinosa group in Iran. The morphological data analyses revealed that this complex could be divided into three main groups. C. spinosa subsp. cartilaginea and C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. mucronifolia were reliably delineated by morphological data, but C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. parviflora, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. herbacea, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. aegyptia and their intermediate phenotypes were overlapped. The results of ISSR data were different from morphological analyses and var. parviflora exhibited a close genetic affinity to var. mucronifolia rather than the other varieties of sub. spinosa. The results of this study revealed that subsp. cartilaginea should be recognized at species level. In case of var. parviflora, we propose subspecies level for this variety. Further investigation is needed to reveal the taxonomic status of var. mucronifolia.

Origin of Symphyotrichum anticostense (Asteraceae: Astereae), an endemic, high polyploid species of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region, based on morphological and nrDNA evidence

Botany ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Vaezi ◽  
Luc Brouillet
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Polyploid ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Rare Endemic

Symphyotrichum anticostense (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Asteraceae: Astereae), a rare endemic of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region is a high allopolyploid (2n=10x=80). It has been hypothesized to be derived from the hybrid between tetraploid (2n=4x=32) individuals of S. boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) Löve & Löve and the hexaploid (2n=6x=48) S. novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom. We investigated this hypothesis using morphological and molecular ITS-sequence data, and we tried to determine the potentially geographic origins of the taxon. Univariate morphological analyses show that 67.5% of the S. anticostense characters are parent-like, 43.5% from S. novi-belgii and 13% from S. boreale, the remainder not differing statistically from either parent; 23.5% are intermediate; and 9% transgressive. Multivariate analyses show that S. anticostense is intermediate between its putative parents. The molecular results support the morphological data, but due to the insufficient resolution among ribotypes on the tree, a more rapidly evolving marker will be needed to ascertain more reliably the origin of S. anticostense. Besides the hypothesis of genetic drift and allele fixation following long-distance dispersals, at least three independent geographic origins may be suggested for S. anticostense; Anticosti Island, Lake St. John, and Gaspé Peninsula-New Brunswick-Maine.

Variation and Evolution in the Genus Flindersia (Rutaceae). I. Review of the Genus.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Whiffin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Data ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Starting Point

As a first stage in a detailed study of variation and evolution in the genus Flindersia, a review of relationships between the species in the genus is provided. Existing morphological data are studied using numerical techniques, both phenetic and phyletic, and the results integrated into a consistent phylogeny for the genus. This is proposed as a convenient starting point for future studies, and as a context into which the results may be fitted.

Taxonomy of the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) using various numerical techniques. I. Historical perspectives, data accumulation, and character analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 1712-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tribe Triticeae

A taxonomic study of the Triticeae at the generic level is needed for both practical and theoretical purposes. Many genera in this tribe contain species of prime importance to agriculture. It appears from many previous studies in many different disciplines, that the genera are very close to each other so that there are difficulties in properly defining them; but this very fact brings all the members of that group up to a high degree of importance for gene transfer purposes because of their close evolutionary relationships.The first paper in this series deals with the definition of 45 characters and their states, and evaluates their interrelationships and relative degree of importance for classificatory and diagnostic purposes. This is done through examination of conventional and new characters, and scrutinous verification of characters used hitherto by different authors in different areas at various times in the last 100 years. Analysis of the data was done using Estabrook's information theoretic model of character analysis and various other techniques, such as multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and clustering. It is concluded that no necessary correlation exists between the usefulness of a character for discriminating a particular genus and the value of the same character for distinguishing genera in the tribe and classifying them.

Genetic relationships within the Cucurbitaceae as assessed by consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeats (ccSSR) marker and sequence analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Min Chung ◽  
Deena S Decker-Walters ◽  
Jack E Staub
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Sequence Substitution ◽  
Simple Sequence

To investigate genetic relationships in Benincaseae (19 accessions), Cucurbiteae (1), Joliffieae (2), Melothrieae (2), and Sicyeae (3) tribes of the family Cucurbitaceae, consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeats (ccSSR) primer pairs obtained from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) chloroplast DNA were used. Variation in the length and putative sequence substitution events of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were analyzed. Sequencing of four fragments (ccSSR-1, -7, -8, and -19) revealed that convergence in fragment length occurs in more distant species comparisons. In ccSSR-1 and -8, the same fragment lengths occurred as the result of different insertion and deletion events. Nevertheless, the examination of a large number of ccSSR fragments suggested that this apparent homoplasy could be overshadowed by evolutionary relationships among taxa. This hypothesis is supported by the relative degree of positive congruence of taxon groupings after cluster and principal components analyses performed on both base pair length and sequence substitution data. Moreover, these analyses support previous biochemical and morphological data indicating that distinct lineages exist within the Benincaseae. Likewise, data support the hypotheses that the genus Benincasa is descended from an ancient African ancestor and that the progenitor of the New World Sicyeae tribe shares a common ancestor with the genus Luffa of the Old World Benincaseae.Key words: Benincaseae, chloroplast, consensus, homoplasy, microsatellite, simple sequence repeats.

Phenetic affinities of males of the army ant genus Dorylus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2652-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barr ◽  
William H. Gotwald Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Old World ◽  
Army Ant

Multivariate analyses of males of 25 species of the Old World army ant genus Dorylus were used to investigate taxonomic structure inherent in the morphological data gathered. Results were compared both with the current subgeneric classification of this genus and with results from a similar study on the major workers. Males are phenetically more divergent than major workers. The subgenera Rhogmus, Alaopone, and Typhlopone appear deserving of continued individual status, but species of Anomma and Dorylus (s.s.) form one diverse taxon. Although the single species of Dichthadia is relatively distinctive in this study, a conservative classification would place it with species of Dorylus (s.s.).

Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4286 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN M. JONES ◽  
ERIC R. HOFFMAYER ◽  
JILL M. HENDON ◽  
JOSEPH M. QUATTRO ◽  
JUSTIN LEWANDOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Degree Of Overlap ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

In 2007, three rays identified as Rhinoptera brasiliensis based on tooth series counts were captured in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a region far outside their accepted range of the coastal waters of southern Brazil. Genetic analyses confirmed that these individuals were distinct from R. bonasus, the only recognized indigenous rhinopterid in the Gulf of Mexico. Further analyses of over 250 specimens confirmed the widespread occurrence of two species in the northern Gulf of Mexico and revealed that the anomalous individuals related most closely to vouchered specimens of R. brasiliensis from Brazil. Discriminant function analyses of morphological data identified several potential discriminating characters, but the degree of overlap of the measurements and counts between the two species rendered most impractical for identification purposes. However, the shape of the supracranial fontanelle appeared to be consistently reliable in differentiating between the two species. Tooth series counts (R. bonasus = 5 to 15, R. brasiliensis = usually 7 to 13) were significantly different between the two species but exhibited considerable overlap. This is the first study to verify the occurrence of R. brasiliensis in the northern Gulf of Mexico; however, the close genetic relationships to other rhinopterid species, as well as the morphological similarity of the group as a whole, require additional research. 

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