Characteristics of prescribed burns and resultant short-term environmental changes in Populus tremuloides woodland in southern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 1782-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Smith ◽  
T. D. James
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Soil Temperatures

In a series of prescribed burns of low intensity and short duration in southern Ontario, wind speed, amount of fuel, and fuel moisture were important environmental controls of fire severity. A heterogenous pattern of burning, related to clumping in the vegetation and to a hummock–hollow microtopography presumably affected and was perpetuated in the reestablishing postfire vegetation.Removal of vegetation cover and surface litter plus surface albedo changes resulted in increased soil temperature 2 months after burning. These increases were short-lived and soil temperatures were close to those of unburned areas 4 months after the prescribed fires. Despite their small magnitude and short duration, the soil temperature increases could have an important stimulatory effect on regenerating vegetation.Significant increases in levels of readily available forms of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium at surface soil depths immediately after burning could have been depleted through uptake by vegetation and microorganisms. Portions of the nutrients were removed, also, by erosion of fly ash during burning, leaching to subsurface depths, and through fixation in unavailable form.

Environmental controls on soil CO2 flux following fire in black spruce, white spruce, and aspen stands of interior Alaska

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P O'Neill ◽  
Eric S Kasischke ◽  
Daniel D Richter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Soil Co2 Flux ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Environmental Controls

Boreal forests contain large amounts of stored soil carbon and are susceptible to periodic disturbance by wildfire. This study evaluates the relationship between post-fire changes in soil temperature, moisture, and CO2 exchange in paired burned and control stands of three Alaskan forest systems: Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Populus tremuloides Michx. In these systems, the environmental factor that most directly controlled rates of carbon exchange varied depending upon burn status and soil drainage. In mature unburned stands, CO2 flux was highly correlated with seasonal patterns of soil temperature. Following fire, these soils became significantly warmer, and carbon exchange became more sensitive to fluctuations in surface moisture conditions. The effect of fire on soil climate was most pronounced in the P. mariana stands, which experienced a mean seasonal temperature increase of 5–8°C in the upper 1 m of the soil profile, a 200% increase in the rate of active layer thaw, and a reduction in mean surface moisture potential. Evidence from soil CO2 profiles suggests that these environmental changes may have resulted in enhanced decomposition of carbon previously immobilized by permafrost, potentially transforming a landscape that was once a net sink for carbon into a carbon source.

The effect of soil temperature and light on sprouting and rooting of root cuttings of hybrid aspen clones

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2671-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Stenvall ◽  
T Haapala ◽  
S Aarlahti ◽  
P Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Better Than

Root cuttings from five clones of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) obtained from 2-year-old stock plants were grown in a peat–sand mixture (soil) at four soil temperatures (18, 22, 26, and 30 °C). Half of the cuttings were grown in light and the rest in darkness. The root cuttings that were grown at the highest soil temperature sprouted and rooted significantly better than the cuttings grown at the lower temperatures. Light did not affect the sprouting of root cuttings but did have a negative effect on their rooting. Moreover, the clones varied significantly in sprouting and rooting percentages, as well as in the time required for sprouting. In general, higher soil temperatures hastened sprouting of the cuttings. Sprouting was also faster in the light than in the dark treatment. Differences in soil temperature, light conditions, or clone had no significant effect on rooting time.

The effect of ectomycorrhizae on water relations in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) at low soil temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M Landhäusser ◽  
Tawfik M Muhsin ◽  
Janusz J Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Low soil temperatures, common during the growing season in northern forests, have the potential to impede plant growth. In this study, water uptake, water relations, and growth characteristics were examined in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings that were inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and grown at 20°C daytime air temperatures and low soil temperatures of 4°C and 8°C. Mycorrhizal associations had little effect on root and shoot biomass at both soil temperatures. Root hydraulic conductance (Kr) was higher in both mycorrhizal plant species compared to nonmycorrhizal plants, but there was no soil temperature effect on Kr in either species. Mycorrhizae also increased shoot water potential (Ψw) in Populus tremuloides but had no effect on Ψw in Picea glauca. The increases in Kr and Ψw were not reflected by changes in stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rates (E), suggesting that the reduction of water flow in seedlings exposed to low soil temperature was not likely the factor limiting gs in both plant species.Key words: boreal forest, root hydraulic conductance, root growth, stomatal conductance, water uptake.

Soil temperatures and suckering response of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) following disposal of hog on winter-logged cutblocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Conlin ◽  
Dave Cheyne ◽  
John Dymond
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Levels

Bark and wood residue, commonly referred to as "hog fuel" or "hog," from a portable pulp chipper was deposited on aspen cutblocks in replicated 10 x 10 m treatment plots during winter logging operations in northeastern British Columbia. The treatments emulated disposal of hog under conditions that simulated on-site chipping operations. Three different rates of hog disposal were applied; 34, 68 and 102 kg m-2, and three cutblocks were treated, one each during February of 1997, and March of 1998 and 1999. We originally hypothesized that the deposition of hog would lower soil temperatures in the treated plots and reduce aspen sucker density during the following growing season. However, our observations showed an initial lag in soil warming in the treatments followed by temperature levels that rose above that exhibited in the control plots. Higher soil temperatures were correlated with greater rates of hog disposal. Increased suckering was not observed in response to higher soil temperatures and stem densities decreased as hog application rates increased. Key words: in-woods, on-site, chipping, Populus tremuloides, hog fuel, soil temperature

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship between Litter + Duff Consumption and Post-Fire Soil Temperature Regimes

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Crystal N. Smith ◽  
Donald L. Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
And Control

The immediate effects of wildland fire on soil have been well documented. However, we know much less about the longer-term effects and their implications for plants. Post-fire soil temperature regimes, for example, have received relatively little research attention, despite potential effects on plant phenology and establishment. Using portable temperature datalogger units (iButtons), we conducted an experimental study to assess how fire severity (measured in terms of litter and duff consumption) influences biologically relevant temperature parameters such as diel minimums, maximums, means, and ranges. We also used these data to calculate cumulative soil growing degree days (GDDs). The study was conducted during the early to mid-spring to capture the transition from dormant season to growing season. Results indicate that mean and max soil temperatures increase in the weeks after fire, with the most pronounced effects in the higher severity treatments. By the end of the 40-day study period, soils in the high severity burn treatment had accumulated 72 GDDs, compared to 17.9, 13.6, and 1.4 in moderate, low, and control treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that fire severity has significant and persistent effects on post-fire soil temperature regimes, and this likely has implications for the post-fire vegetation response.

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance Attributes during Spring Deacclimation for Three Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Adaptation to Southern Ontario

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Panjtandoust ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
High Concentrations

Winterhardiness in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) may be related to proper cold acclimation and induction of freezing tolerance in the fall, levels and maintenance of freezing tolerance in the winter, and the timing of deacclimation in the spring. Premature deacclimation and the inability to reacclimate could result in crown damage from spring freeze-thaw cycles. A field experiment was conducted, replicated over 2 years, to determine how three cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario deacclimate in the spring by assessing LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of plants die) and biochemical and physiological parameters associated with freezing tolerance. ‘UC 157’ (UC), the least-adapted cultivar, deacclimated after soil temperatures rose above freezing; LT50 values increased linearly over time and were unaffected by fluctuations in soil temperature. ‘Jersey Giant’ (JG), a cultivar with moderate adaptation, rapidly deacclimated with increased soil temperature but appeared to partially reacclimate as temperatures decreased. For ‘Guelph Millennium’ (GM), the most-adapted cultivar, LT50 values did not change, maintaining the greatest levels of freezing tolerance during the spring sampling period. Although LT50 values did not differ among cultivars on the first spring sampling date, ranking for freezing tolerance at the final sampling in each year was GM>JG>UC, which is consistent with adaptation. Rhizome traits were most associated with freezing tolerance and included high concentrations of low-molecular-weight fructans (LFs), glucose, and proline and low percentage water and sucrose concentration. Overall, data suggest that the timing of deacclimation and loss of freezing tolerance in the spring may significantly affect winterhardiness; cultivars that lose freezing tolerance early and cannot reacclimate could suffer most from late spring freeze-thaw cycles.

Effects of fire rotation interval and overstory type on ambient soil temperatures in ponderosa pine forests in Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1328
Author(s):  
David R. Weise ◽  
Stephen S. Sackett ◽  
Sally M. Haase ◽  
Nels Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Ambient soil temperatures were measured every four weeks from May 1986 to November 1986 at three depths under the organic forest floor in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) forests in three stand types subjected to periodic prescribed burning. Temperatures at the organic layer – soil surface interface in sawtimber stands were higher and more variable than in pole and saplings stands. Temperature variability reached a maximum in the summer and decreased into the fall and early winter. Soil temperature variability decreased as depth below the surface increased. Three years after the low-intensity prescribed burns, soil temperatures in the burned stands were not significantly different from the those in the unburned controls, suggesting that any effect, though none was detected, of the low-intensity prescribed burns on soil temperature and belowground processes affected by temperature is short-lived in these stands.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Christophil Medellu ◽  
. Soemarno ◽  
. Marsoedi ◽  
Sigfried Berhimpon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Illumination Changes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Research on soil temperature in mangrove forest is a part of the mangrove ecosystem microclimate research. Studieson microclimate variables interaction, including soil temperature is important and interesting because it is associatedwith ecosystem and environmental changes, and the biota living in it. This study developed a mathematical modelingof soil temperatures and solar illumination in mangrove forest and the surrounding environment. Mathematicalmodeling function was constructed using data measured on three transects which different in ecosystem condition.The results showed that the mathematical modeling parameters produced the parameters of solar illumination andsoil temperatures that were difference for the three transects. Time lag of soil temperature on solar illumination wasalso diference in the three transects due to the difference of penetration of sun radiation and soil inundation by seawater. These parameters also showed the differences between the soil temperature in mangrove with the soiltemperature in terrestrial forest as studied by the former researcher. Our research demonstrated the charachteristicof soil temperature in mangrove, that was not merely controlled by sun radiation, but also it was contribute by thesea water and other factors.[How to Cite: Medellu C, Soemarno, Marsoedi and S Berhimpon. 2012. Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes. J Trop Soils 17 (2) : 67-74. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.165][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.540/jts.2012.17.2.165]

scholarly journals Simulation of Daily Mean Soil Temperatures for Agricultural Land Use Considering Limited Input Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Philipp Grabenweger ◽  
Branislava Lalic ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
Erwin Murer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Limited Input Data

A one-dimensional simulation model that simulates daily mean soil temperature on a daily time-step basis, named AGRISOTES (AGRIcultural SOil TEmperature Simulation), is described. It considers ground coverage by biomass or a snow layer and accounts for the freeze/thaw effect of soil water. The model is designed for use on agricultural land with limited (and mostly easily available) input data, for estimating soil temperature spatial patterns, for single sites (as a stand-alone version), or in context with agrometeorological and agronomic models. The calibration and validation of the model are carried out on measured soil temperatures in experimental fields and other measurement sites with various climates, agricultural land uses and soil conditions in Europe. The model validation shows good results, but they are determined strongly by the quality and representativeness of the measured or estimated input parameters to which the model is most sensitive, particularly soil cover dynamics (biomass and snow cover), soil pore volume, soil texture and water content over the soil column.

scholarly journals A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil: model description and testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rankinen ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract. Microbial processes in soil are moisture, nutrient and temperature dependent and, consequently, accurate calculation of soil temperature is important for modelling nitrogen processes. Microbial activity in soil occurs even at sub-zero temperatures so that, in northern latitudes, a method to calculate soil temperature under snow cover and in frozen soils is required. This paper describes a new and simple model to calculate daily values for soil temperature at various depths in both frozen and unfrozen soils. The model requires four parameters: average soil thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity of soil, specific heat capacity due to freezing and thawing and an empirical snow parameter. Precipitation, air temperature and snow depth (measured or calculated) are needed as input variables. The proposed model was applied to five sites in different parts of Finland representing different climates and soil types. Observed soil temperatures at depths of 20 and 50 cm (September 1981–August 1990) were used for model calibration. The calibrated model was then tested using observed soil temperatures from September 1990 to August 2001. R2-values of the calibration period varied between 0.87 and 0.96 at a depth of 20 cm and between 0.78 and 0.97 at 50 cm. R2-values of the testing period were between 0.87 and 0.94 at a depth of 20cm, and between 0.80 and 0.98 at 50cm. Thus, despite the simplifications made, the model was able to simulate soil temperature at these study sites. This simple model simulates soil temperature well in the uppermost soil layers where most of the nitrogen processes occur. The small number of parameters required means that the model is suitable for addition to catchment scale models. Keywords: soil temperature, snow model

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