Lipid changes during the germination of teliospores of the common bunt fungus, Tilletia caries

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2263-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Weber ◽  
E. J. Trione
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Germination Process

The lipids in teliospores of Tilletia caries were analyzed at 12 different sample periods during the germination process. The lipid analysis included the separation and identification of hydrocarbons, natural methyl esters of fatty acids, and free fatty acids. Dormant spores contained more free fatty acids than natural methyl esters of fatty acids. However, 12 h after imbibition of water, the free fatty acid content was a small percentage of the total fatty acid content and the natural methyl esters were then the major lipid fraction, and they remained the major lipid fraction throughout germination. Stable isotope [2H] exchange experiments indicated that the methylation of the fatty acids was not an artifact of the extraction process. The role of natural methyl esters of fatty acid in the germination process is not clear.

Reduction of Free Fatty Acid Content of Olive-Pomace Oil by Enzymatic Glycerolysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fadiloğlu ◽  
O. N. Çiftçi ◽  
F. Göğüş
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Olive Pomace Oil ◽  
Acid Reduction

The enzymatic glycerolysis of free fatty acids in olive-pomace oil was carried out by immobilised Candida antarctica lipase. The effects of time, molecular sieve, enzyme concentration and reaction temperature on free fatty acids content were investigated. The initial acidity of the olive-pomace oil (32%) was reduced to 2.36% in the presence of 750 mg of molecular sieve in the reaction mixture. The effectiveness of glycerolysis was directly related to the amount of molecular sieve present. As the amount of molecular sieve increased, the conversion of free fatty acids also increased at a defined time. In the absence of molecular sieve, the esterification reaction forced to reverse reaction that is the hydrolysis. The greater conversion of free fatty acids into glycerides was observed at an enzyme concentration of 27.2 mg/mL within 60 min. ANOVA showed that the effects of temperature on fatty acid content was significant ( p < 0.05). Results obtained from non-linear regression analysis indicated that reaction order was 1.3 for fatty acid reduction in the olive-pomace oil. Calculated activation energy for fatty acid reduction was 32.89 kJ/mol.

Changes in free fatty acids during the ripening of Idiazabal cheese: influence of brining time and smoking

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Nájera ◽  
Luis J. R. Barron ◽  
Yolanda Barcina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Cheese Ripening

SummaryThe effect of brining time and smoking on the free fatty acid content of Idiazabal cheese during ripening was examined. The main free fatty acids considered underwent at least some increase during the first stage of ripening before day 90 and tended to level off around a constant value towards the end of the ripening period. There were significant differences in free fatty acid levels during ripening among cheeses with different brining times and between smoked and unsmoked cheeses. Brining time and smoking exerted marked effects on lipolytic activity during cheese ripening, depending upon the free fatty acid involved and ripening time. In general, brining and smoking led to increases in free fatty acid levels at the end of the ripening period; the different behaviour of butyric acid may be due to a specific lipolytic activity.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of leaves of forced chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Sinkovic ◽  
Janez Hribar ◽  
Rajko Vidrih ◽  
Zarko Ilin ◽  
Dragan Znidarcic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Acid Methyl

The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in leaves of nine chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus L.). The growing practice followed the traditional forcing method of developed roots in a peat to obtain new etiolated vegetative apical buds, known as chicons. The fatty acid content was determined by the extraction of fatty acid methyl esters and analysis by means of gas chromatography. The analysis revealed the following ratios of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 of individual fatty acids. The total fatty acid content in forced chicory leaves ranged from 104 to 644 mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest relative content (64%) is presented by ?-linolenic acid, followed by linoleic (44%) and palmitic (21%). An n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio of studied forced chicory is below 1.4 and thus, in accordance with the recommended dietary ratio that is close to 1.

Free fatty acids as estimates for drinking milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Галина Андреевна Донская ◽  
Виктор Михайлович Дрожжин ◽  
Екатерина Ивановна Добриян
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Цель работы - исследовать влияние теплового воздействия на содержание свободных жирных кислот в молоке. Задачи исследования - определить содержание свободных жирных кислот в молоке: сыром, термизированном, пастеризованном, ультрапастеризованном. Показано влияние технологических факторов, в том числе условия транспортирования, на состояние жира в молоке. Установлено, что при имитации транспортирования термизированного молока (65 °С, 30 сек) в течение 4-7 ч происходят значительные изменения жирнокислотного состава относительно сырого молока. Многократно снижаются массовые доли докозогексаеновой, эйкозапентаеновой, трикозановой, лигноцериновой, эйкозатетраеновой кислот. Значительные изменения отмечены в концентрациях эйкозадиеновой и бегеновой кислот. Увеличиваются массовые доли свободного жира в 1,4-1,5 раза; перекисного числа, характеризующего накопление первичных продуктов окисления жиров (перекисей RO, гидроперекисей - ROOH) в 1,3-1,7 раза. Значение анизидинового числа, показывающего содержание в жире вторичных продуктов окисления, незначительно отличалось от аналогичного показателя сырого нетермизированного молока. Изучены показатели кислотного числа, характеризующего содержание свободных жирных кислот, образующихся при ферментативном гидролизе жира, в сыром, термизированном, пастеризованном, ультрапастеризованном молоке. Установлено, что с увеличением длительности хранения пастеризованного молока (срок годности 6 сут) количество свободных жирных кислот в нем возрастает. При этом снижается биологическая ценность продукта. В ультрапастеризованном молоке (срок годности 9 мес) исходное значение кислотного числа сохраняется в пределах 3 мес с момента выработки. На основании проведенных исследований можно предположить, что температуры пастеризации молока (76…95 °С) не оказывают существенного влияния на активность фермента липазы, гидролизующего молочный жир, увеличивая количество свободных жирных кислот. Температура ультрапастеризации (137 °С, 4 сек) понижает активность фермента, что позволяет сдерживать образование свободных жирных кислот на определенном этапе, дольше сохраняя свежесть и качество молока. Изменяя режимы теплового воздействия на молоко, можно ингибировать процесс гидролиза молочного жира и сохранять в определенной степени качество и биологическую ценность молока. The aim of this work was to investigate heat impact on fatty acid content in milk. Research objective was to determine fatty acid content of raw, thermized, pasteurized, and ultrapasteurized milk. Technological factors, including transportation conditions were demonstrated to affect milk fat condition. Significant alterations in fatty acid content of thermized milk (65 °C, 30 sec) vs raw milk were established during 4-7hr transportation. Multiple decrease in mass weight of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, tricosanoic, Lignoceric, eicosatrienoic acid was observed. Considerable changes in concentrations of eicosadienoic and behenic acids were noted. Free fat in dry matter was increased 1.4-1.5 fold, peroxide number that defines accumulation of primary fat oxidation products (peroxides RO, hydroperoxides - ROOH) - 1.3-1.7 fold. Anisidine index illustrating secondary oxidation products was not significantly different than the same value of raw non thermized milk. Acid index values that define free fatty acids produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of fat in raw, thermized, pasteurized, and ultra-pasteurized milk were studied. It was established that the amount of free fatty acids raised with increase in shelf-life of pasteurized milk (shelf-life 6 days). It was accompanying by decline in biological value of the product. In ultra-pasteurized milk (shelf-life 9 mo) original value of acid index remained unchanged in the first 3mo from the production date. Based on our research, we can assume that pasteurization temperature (76…95 °C) does not have significant impact on lipase enzyme activity, which hydrolizes milk fat increasing amount of free fatty acids. Temperature of ultra-pasteurization (137 °C, 4 sec) decreases enzyme activity that maintains free fatty acid formation at certain point of time, preserving freshness and quality of milk. Modifying milk heat treatment mode, fat hydrolysis process can be inhibited and biological value and quality of milk can be preserved.

Fatty acid composition of lipids in immature cattle, pig and sheep oocytes with intact zona pellucida

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG McEvoy ◽  
GD Coull ◽  
PJ Broadbent ◽  
JS Hutchinson ◽  
BK Speake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Species Specific

Cattle, pig and sheep oocytes isolated from healthy cumulus-oocyte complexes were pooled, within species, to provide samples of immature denuded oocytes with intact zona pellucida (n = 1000 per sample) for determination of fatty acid mass and composition in total lipid, constituent phospholipid and triglyceride. Acyl-containing lipid extracts, transmethylated in the presence of a reference penta-decaenoic acid (15:0), yielded fatty acid methyl esters which were analysed by gas chromatograph. Mean (+/- SEM) fatty acid content in samples of pig oocytes (161 +/- 18 micrograms per 1000 oocytes) was greater than that in cattle (63 +/- 6 micrograms; P < 0.01) and sheep oocytes (89 +/- 7 micrograms; P < 0.05). Of 24 fatty acids detected, palmitic (16:0; 25-35%, w/w), stearic (18:0; 14-16%) and oleic (18:1n-9; 22-26%) acids were most prominent in all three species. Saturated fatty acids (mean = 45-55%, w/w) were more abundant than mono- (27-34%) or polyunsaturates (11-21%). Fatty acids of the n-6 series, notably linoleic (18:2n-6; 5-8%, w/w) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; 1-3%), were the most abundant polyunsaturates. Phospholipid consistently accounted for a quarter of all fatty acids in the three species, but ruminant oocytes had a lower complement of polyunsaturates (14-19%, w/w) in this fraction than pig oocytes (34%, w/w) which, for example, had a three- to fourfold greater linoleic acid content. An estimated 74 ng of fatty acid was sequestered in the triglyceride fraction of individual pig oocytes compared with 23-25 ng in ruminant oocytes (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the greater fatty acid content of pig oocytes is primarily due to more abundant triglyceride reserves. Furthermore, this species-specific difference, and that in respect of polyunsaturated fatty acid reserves, may underlie the contrasting chilling, culture and cryopreservation sensitivities of embryos derived from pig and ruminant (cattle, sheep) oocytes.

PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA PADA MINYAK GORENG YANG DIGUNAKAN PEDAGANG GORENGAN DI JL. A.W SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Henny Nurhasnawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooking Oil

Free fatty acids and peroxide are part of cooking oil quality parameters. This study aims to determine the levels of free fatty acids and peroxide value in cooking oil used by fried merchant in Jl. A.W. Sjahranie Samarinda. Sampling was done by total sampling which is cooking oil before frying and after frying a few times from four fried merchants. Determination of free fatty acid content using alkalimetry method and levels of peroxide using iodometric method.The test results of the free fatty acid content of samples A, B, C, D cooking oil before frying is equal to 0.16%; 0.27%; 0.33%; 0.32%, and free fatty acid levels after few times frying is 0.19%; 0.29%; 0.37%; 0.36%. The test results of the peroxide sample A, B, C, D cooking oil before frying in the amount of 18.95 meq O2/kg; 27.63 meqO2/kg; 24.67 meq O2/kg; 23.29 meq O2/kg. Peroxide levels after several times frying is 26.25 meqO2/kg; 35.72 meqO2/kg; 34.54 meqO2/kg; 33.16 meqO2/kg. Average levels of free fatty acids cooking oil before frying is 0.27% and after frying to 0.30%, or an increase of 12.04%. While the average level of peroxide cooking oil before frying of 23.64 meqO2/kg and after frying be 32.42 meqO2/kg or an increase of 37.16%.

Study of Lipids Composition in the Rice Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 646-648
Author(s):  
Ludmila A. Zemnukhova ◽  
Svetlana V. Isai ◽  
Natalya G. Busarova ◽  
Olga D. Arefieva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Main Components

There was studied the composition and the fatty acid content of the lipid fraction obtained by extraction the rice straw cultivar Lugovoi (Oryzasativa L.) by ethanol and chloroform solution in a 2:1 ration. It was found that the yield of lipids from the straw was ~ 9% from the weight of the dry sample. The main components of the lipid fraction are palmitic and oleic acids. The comparative analysis showed that the yield of fatty acids and their composition depends on the plant species and the type of feedstock.

Conversion of the Free Fatty Acids of Cod Oil to Methyl Esters in situ

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
L. R. Gallay ◽  
P. M. Jangaard ◽  
M. L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Stable Product

The application of 2,2-dimethoxypropane to the in situ conversion of the free fatty acids of cod oil to methyl esters is successful in reducing the free fatty acid content to the order of 1%. This material, in the presence of a suitable acid catalyst, serves both as a water scavenger and a source of methanol for the esterification. Of the catalysts examined, methanolic HCl gives the best results. Purification procedures giving a stable product are outlined.

scholarly journals Effect of Pork Meat Replacement by Fish Products on Fatty Acid Content, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Pork Pâtés

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Control Group

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the addition of fish raw materials (roe or fish meat) on the quality and nutritional value of pork pâtés. The control group (n = 4) consisted of pork pâtés, I experimental group (n = 6) of pâtés with 20% addition of roe (perch and pike), and II group of pâtés with 20% addition of fish (perch and pike meat) (n = 6). The pâtés’ pH, color, and profiled texture analysis were instrumentally measured and water, protein, fat, ash, and fatty acid content were determined by reference methods. To assess the oxidative stability of lipids the measurement of peroxide number, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and content of conjugated dienes and trienes was used. The degree of fat hydrolysis was determined on the basis of acid value. Sensory analysis was carried out using the scaling method, taking into account 12 unit quality characteristics. Products with roe and meat contained less fat (accordingly 15.9% and 14.1%) and showed lower calorific value (accordingly 225.6 and 208.6 kcal/100 g) compared to pork pâtés (20.2% of lipids, 267 kcal/100 g). Moreover, the addition of fish raw materials improved the index of nutritional quality for protein (from 3.2 to 3.9) and beneficially reduced the nutritional index for fat (from 2.2 to 1.9). Fish constituents modified, to a certain extent, the color, texture, and sensory properties of pâtés, while maintaining full acceptability in consumer assessment. The addition of fish roe significantly increased the healthful quality by improving the fatty acid profile of pâtés, in which the significantly highest content of n-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (accordingly 252.21, 43.17, and 107.94 mg/100 g product), as well the highest concentration of saturated branched chain fatty acids were determined (18.75 mg/100 g product).

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