Adaptation for herbicide tolerance in populations of Avena fatua

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Treatment

A study was conducted to determine whether recurrent treatment of wild oat populations with triallate results in increased tolerance of this herbicide. Among several parameters of seedling growth investigated, percentage emergence, seedling survival, and length of the first leaf were found to be most useful in assessing response to this compound. The results revealed a substantial within-population variability for tolerance. Evidence is presented that recurrent herbicide treatment of wild oat populations by the methods commonly used in the control of this weed species in western Canada results in increased tolerance of triallate.

Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

Basis for Interactions of Ethofumesate1and Desmedipham on Sugarbeets and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
R.L. Zimdahl ◽  
E.E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Brassica Kaber

A synergistic interaction occurred when sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono-Hy Al’) were treated with mixtures of ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulphonate) and desmedipham [ethylm-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)]. Depending on the stage of weed growth synergistic interactions were also observed on two weed species: wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler ‘pinnatifida’ (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.). Desmedipham penetrated the foliage more slowly than did ethofumesate. The rate of desmedipham penetration was positively correlated with the concentration of its formulants (solvents and adjuvants) in the spraying emulsion, and to a lesser extent with the formulants of ethofumesate. Increasing the spray volume also increased desmedipham penetration. None of these factors affected penetration by ethofumesate.14C-labeled ethofumesate and desmedipham did not translocate out of treated leaves regardless of the concentration of formulants or active ingredients. These data suggest that the synergistic interaction is mainly due to the increased penetration by desmedipham when applied with ethofumesate.

Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

Weed Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
William E. May ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Galium Spurium

Abstract Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium) are currently a challenge to manage in less competitive crops such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Increasing the functional diversity in crop rotations can be an option to improve weed management. Nonetheless, this strategy is not tested in flax in Western Canada. A 5-yr (2015-2019) crop rotation study was carried at three locations in western Canada to determine the effect of diverse flax-based crop rotations with differences in crop species, crop life cycles, harvesting time and reduced herbicides on managing A. fatua and G. spurium. The perennial rotation (flax-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under reduced herbicide use was found to be the most consistent cropping system, providing similar A. fatua and G. spurium control to the conventional annual flax crop rotation[flax-barley (Hordium vulgare L.)-flax-oat (Avena sativa L.)-flax] with standard herbicides. At Carman, this alfalfa rotation provided even better weed control (80% A. fatua, 75% G. spurium) than the conventional rotation. Furthermore, a greater A. fatua control was identified compared to conventional rotation where two consecutive winter cereal crops were grown successfully in rotation (flax-barley-winter triticale (x Triticosecale ex A. Camus)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-flax), greater A. fatua control was observed compared to the conventional crop rotation under standard herbicides. Incorporation of silage oat crops did not show consistent management benefits compared to the perennial alfalfa rotation but were generally similar to the conventional rotation with standard herbicides. The results showed that perennial alfalfa in the rotation minimized G. spurium and A. fatua in flax cropping systems, followed by rotations with two consecutive winter cereal crops.

Genetic Variability for Herbicide Reaction in Plant Populations

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Price ◽  
James E. Hill ◽  
R. W. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Avena Barbata

The level of genetic variation for tolerance to herbicides was quantified in populations of slender wild oat (Avena barbata Brott. # AVEBA), wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA), and godetia (Clarkia williamsonii Lewis & Lewis) that had not been previously exposed to herbicides. Seedlings of wild oat and godetia were treated with barban (4-chloro-2-butynl-m-chlorocarbanilate) and bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), respectively. The plants were rated for phytotoxic effects following treatment. A one-way analysis of variance on arcsin-transformed phytotoxicity ratings showed significant amounts of inter- and intrapopulation variability for herbicide reaction. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variance for herbicide reaction is higher than expected on the basis of mutation alone, suggesting selection favoring genes conferring herbicide tolerance occurs in natural populations.

Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn D Karlowsky ◽  
Anita L Brûlé-Babel ◽  
Lyle F Friesen ◽  
Rene C Van Acker ◽  
Gary H Crow
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Resistance Genetics ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazametha benz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F2 plants, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F2:3 families. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. Key words: Wild oat, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, genetics of resistance, multiple resistance

scholarly journals Economics of Pronamide and Pendimethalin Use in Weed Management during Artichoke Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Haar ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Cheryl L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential economic impact of the loss of pronamide herbicide to artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) growers, and to evaluate pendimethalin as an alternative herbicide during establishment of artichoke. Two rates of pronamide and one rate of pendimethalin were applied to perennial and annual artichokes. With the exception of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), pendimethalin controlled weeds as well as or better than pronamide. Financial analysis of treatment effects was based on weed management expenses and value of yield. The financial effect of using pronamide in perennial artichoke ranged from a loss of $247 to a gain of $326 per ha, whereas its use in annual artichoke increased revenue $542 to $5499 per ha. The effects on revenue of using pendimethalin varied with weed species composition and density. For three sites, revenue increased from $267 to $5056 per ha, while a loss of $1034 per ha occurred at a site with a heavy infestation of wild oat. We conclude that pendimethalin has potential as a pronamide replacement, or as a complement to pronamide. Chemical names used: 3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Response of wild oat (Avena fatua) to residual and non-residual herbicides in canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
F. A. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Residual Herbicide

It has been stated that soil residual herbicides, by controlling successive flushes of weeds, increase effective kill (efficacy) over the growing season, and thus impose a higher selection pressure for resistance in weeds than non-residual herbicides. To investigate this issue, the responses of wild oat to increasing rates of residual and non-residual herbicides in canola and wild oat recruitment in the following year were examined in a field study conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1997 to 2000. The rate-response curves of the wild oat variables indicated that efficacy of the soil residual herbicides, ethalfluralin and triallate, and of the non-residual herbicide, glufosinate, was generally lower than that of imazamox/imazethapyr (residual), sethoxydim, and glyphosate (non-residual). Emergence of wild oat in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the following year did not differ among herbicides applied in the preceding crop year, nor was there a significant herbicide by rate interaction. The results suggest that the soil residual activity o f these herbicides does not strongly influence selection pressure, estimated by reduction in wild oat seed return in canola. Key words: Brassica napus, Avena fatua, selection pressure, herbicide resistance

Patch Management of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Barclay Schuba
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Over Time

A study was conducted at a 64-ha site in western Canada to determine how preventing seed shed from herbicide-resistant wild oat affects patch expansion over a 6-yr period. Seed shed was prevented in two patches and allowed to occur in two patches (nontreated controls). Annual patch expansion was determined by seed bank sampling and mapping. Crop management practices were performed by the grower. Area of treated patches increased by 35% over the 6-yr period, whereas nontreated patches increased by 330%. Patch expansion was attributed mainly to natural seed dispersal (nontreated) or seed movement by equipment at time of seeding (nontreated and treated). Extensive seed shed from plants in nontreated patches before harvest or control of resistant plants by alternative herbicides minimized seed movement by the combine harvester. Although both treated and nontreated patches were relatively stable over time in this cropping system, preventing seed production and shed in herbicide-resistant wild oat patches can markedly slow the rate of patch expansion.

Time of wild oat (Avena fatua) panicle clipping influences seed viability

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Steve J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Moisture

AbstractWild oat (Avena fatua L.) is one of the most problematic weed species in western Canada due to widespread populations, herbicide resistance, and seed dormancy. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and especially in shorter crops such as lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), A. fatua seed panicles elongate above the crop canopy, which can facilitate physical cutting of the panicles (clipping) to reduce viable seed return to the seedbank. However, the viability of A. fatua seed at the time of panicle elongation is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the viability of A. fatua seed at successive time intervals after elongation above a wheat or lentil crop canopy. A 2-yr panicle clipping and removal study in wheat and lentil was conducted in Lacombe, AB, and Saskatoon, SK, in 2015 and 2016 to determine the onset of viability in A. fatua seeds at successive clipping intervals. Manual panicle clipping of A. fatua panicles above each crop canopy began when the majority of panicles were visible above respective crop canopies and continued weekly until seed shed began. At the initiation of panicle clipping, A. fatua seed viability was between 0% and 10%. By the last clipping treatment (approximately 6 to 7 wk after elongation), 95% of the A. fatua seeds were viable. Seed moisture and awn angle were not good predictors of A. fatua viability, and therefore were unlikely to provide effective tools to estimate appropriate timing for implementation of A. fatua clipping as a management technique. Based on A. fatua seed viability, earlier clipping of A. fatua is likely to be more effective in terms of population management and easier to implement in shorter crops such as lentil. Investigations into long-term effects of clipping on A. fatua populations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this management strategy on A. fatua.

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