Environmental pH influences growth and tissue chemistry of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria americana

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grisé ◽  
John E. Titus ◽  
Daniel J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vallisneria Americana ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Freshwater Macrophyte ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Tissue Chemistry

Wild celery (Vallisneria americana, Hydrocharitaceae) is a common submersed freshwater macrophyte rarely reported from lakes with pH below 6. Plants grown in a greenhouse on a uniform sediment within pH-controlled tanks all survived 60 days at pH 5 but showed reduced dry matter accumulation (by 76%), leaf area (by 79%), and rosette and winter bud production (by 44 and 63%, respectively) compared with plants grown at pH 7.5. The sensitivity of this plant to only moderate acidity did not differ for plants in water acidified to pH 5 by a combination of H2SO4 and HNO3 or by HCl, indicating that the former acids exerted no fertilizing effects to counter the detrimental influence of acidification. Tissue nitrogen and phosphorus levels were well above the critical concentrations previously reported for this species. Tissue calcium and manganese concentrations showed no clear relationship to treatment pH. Both aluminum and iron levels in tissues were twofold to threefold higher for the smaller plants grown at pH 5 (means of 1970 and 3090 μg/g, respectively), suggesting that metal toxicity may have caused growth reduction at low pH.

Photosynthetic attributes and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by different levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thavaprakash ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. D. Sivakumar ◽  
M. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, on medium black soils during the kharif (wet) season of 1999. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with varying N/P ratios (0.67 to 2.00) along with a control with a constant level of potassium (60 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the number of green leaves plant-1, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, leaf area (dm2 plant-1) and leaf area index (LAI) increased up to the flowering stage (65 DAS) and thereafter declined. In the early stages (seedling and button stages) there was no significant variation with respect to the number of green leaves plant-1 among the treatments except in the control. Similarly, leaf area and LAI did not vary at the seedling stage. Treatments receiving N/P ratios of ?1.0 or 1.0 with higher doses of nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1) gave a significantly higher number of green leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI as compared to N/P ratios of <1.0 and the control in later stages. The dry matter accumulation in the leaves (g plant-1) differed in all the stages, but higher values were recorded in these same treatments. Thus, due to the higher number of green leaves, higher LAI and greater dry matter accumulation in the leaves, the treatments with an N/P ratio of ?1.0 or 1.0 with 120 kg N ha-1 produced higher seed yields (3188 to 3554 kg ha-1) than other N/P ratios (2761 to 3009 kg ha-1). The highest yield (3554 kg ha-1) was recorded with an N/P ratio of 1.0 in the treatment receiving 120 kg N and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. The correlation coefficients between these photosynthetic attributes and seed yield were also positive and significant.

Response ofBradyrhizobium-Inoculated Soyabean and Lablab Bean to Inoculation With Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mahdi ◽  
I. M. A. Atabani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen

SUMMARYPot and field investigations were conducted to study the effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation and triple superphosphate fertilization on nodulation, dry matter yield and tissue nitrogen and phosphorus contents ofBradyrhizobium-inoculated soya-bean and lablab bean in the Sudan.Inoculation of both crops with the VAM fungusGlomus mosseaein clay and sandy soils in pots increased nodulation, dry matter yield and tissue nitrogen and phosphorus contents more than triple superphosphate fertilizer, but even greater responses were obtained fromG. mosseaecombined with fertilizer. Crop responses in the two soils were similar, despite the large differences in soil physico-chemical properties.In the field, inoculation of both crops with any of four VAM fungi enhanced nodulation, dry matter yield and plant nitrogen and phosphorus contents more than did triple superphosphate.Gigaspora margaritaandGlomus mosseaewere superior toGigaspora calosporaandAcaulosporaspecies and resulted in more extensive root infection, especially in soyabean.

scholarly journals Nutrition, dry matter accumulation and partitioning and phosphorus use efficiency of potato grown at different phosphorus levels in nutrient solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1528-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

High rates of phosphate fertilizers are applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which may cause antagonistic interactions with other nutrients and limit crop yields when over-supplied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution on P use efficiency, nutritional status and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning of potato plants cv. Ágata. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven P levels in nutrient solution (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, and 48 mg L-1). Plants were harvested after 28 days of growth in nutrient solution, and separated in roots, stems and leaves for evaluations. The treatment effects were analyzed by regression analysis. Phosphorus levels of up to 8 mg L-1 increased the root and shoot DM accumulation, but drastically decreased the root/shoot ratio of potato cv. Ágata. Higher P availability increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, but decreased P use efficiency. Higher P levels increased the N, P, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations in roots considerably and decreased K, S, Cu, and Zn concentrations. In shoot biomass, N, P, K, and Ca concentrations were significantly increased by P applied in solution, unlike Mg and Cu concentrations. Although higher P levels (> 8 mg L-1) in nutrient solution increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, the DM accumulation and partitioning of potato cv. Ágata were not affected.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus Levels and Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Wheat under Sub-Humid Region of Rajasthan, India

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Sharma ◽  
U. S. Rawat ◽  
B. K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of phosphorus levels and phosphorus solubilizing fungi on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat. The dry matter production by wheat at tillering, ear emergence, and harvest was significantly higher with 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 and was at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha−1. Application of Aspergillus awamori gave the highest dry matter accumulation at tillering, ear emergence, and harvest stage of crop growth. Increasing levels of phosphorus increased the grain and straw yield significantly up to 60 kg P2O5 ha−1 of wheat crop. However, the maximum grain and straw yield were obtained at 90 kg P2O5 ha−1, which was at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha−1. The combined application of 60 kg P2O5 ha−1 with A. awamori recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield. Increasing level of P application (0 to 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and inoculation with A. awamori and A. niger significantly increased uptake of N, P, and K in wheat at all stages of crop growth. The maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake was recorded at harvest (grain and straw) followed by ear emergence and tillering when seeds were inoculated with Aspergillus awamori.

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF WILD OATS. II. GROWTH.

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. MCBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wild Oats

Dry matter accumulation by wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in a growth cabinet, after an initial lag period, took place rapidly until 8 wk after emergence. Plant height and the number of leaves per plant increased at a nearly linear rate until 6 wk after emergence. Tillering occurred mainly during the period 2–4 wk after emergence. Low light intensity and short photoperiod severely restricted growth, and delayed heading and maturity. Plants grew best at day–night temperatures of 20–12 C, though initial growth was faster at higher temperature (28–20 C). In a black loam soil, plants responded to added nitrogen and phosphorus only under high light intensity. Both soil moisture and soil pH greatly influenced the growth of wild oats. Greatest dry matter accumulation was attained when soil pH was 7.5 or 8.5 and soil moisture was maintained above 75% field capacity. Hull color of the seed had no effect on the growth of wild oat plants. Plants produced from large seeds had higher dry weights than plants produced from small seeds. Implications of these findings for the control of wild oats are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Baby Corn Density on the Crop and Weed Performance under Different Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1020
Author(s):  
Thieu Thi Phong Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thiem ◽  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Pham Van An
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Sole Cropping

This study was conducted to examine the effects of baby corn density on the crop and weed performance under two different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Treatments included four baby corn densities (D1= 138,888 plants ha-1, D2 = 111,111 plants ha-1, D3 = 92,592 plants ha-1, and D4 = 79,365 plants ha-1), and three intercropping methods (P0 = a sole cropping of baby corn, P1 = 1 row of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 10 plant m-2), and P2 = 2 rows of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 20 plants m-2)). Physiological characteristics and yield were measured for the baby corn and soybean. The weed species, weed frequency, and the growth of the weeds were recorded at the final harvesting time of the baby corn. The results showed that the yield of soybean and the growth of the weeds were statistically different under the different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Increasing the baby corn density increased the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and cob yield, but did not have a clear effect on the soybean yield under both intercropping methods. In addition, the P2 intercropping method produced significantly higher soybean yield and gave better results of weed growth reduction in comparison with the P1 intercropping method. In the P2 intercropping method, baby corn should be grown at a density of 111,111 plants ha-1 to optimize the population productivity and achieve reasonable weed control for the sustainability of agriculture.

scholarly journals Phenological performance of groundnut varieties under sowing environments in hyper arid zone of Rajasthan, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Meena ◽  
R. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Phosphorus Application

An experimental trial was conducted on groundnut during kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010. The experimental soil was loamy sand in texture. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications, assigning 32 treatments consisting of four date of sowing (20th April, 15th May, 9th June and 4th July) and two varieties (HNG-10 and TG-37A) as main-plot treatments and four fertility levels of nitrogen and phosphorus application (0, 20 N-40 P2O5, 30-60 P2O5 and 40 N-80 P2O5 kg/ha) as sub-plot treatments. The results showed that significantly higher plant stand was observed in 9th June and 4th July sowing date of the groundnut at harvest. 20th April sowing had significantly higher dry matter accumulation, CGR of 30-60 and 60-90 DAS of HNG-10 variety. Further delays in sowing significantly reduce growth parameters. However, growth parameters viz. dry matter accumulation, CGR, RGR etc. in all the sowing dates in TG-37A was statistically at par with each other. All the fertility treatments produced significantly higher dry matter, CGR, RGR etc. Application of 30 kg N-60 kg P2O5 / ha significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation over 20 kgN-40kg P2O5/ha but statistically at par with 40 kg N- 80 kg P2O5/ ha.

Dry matter accumulation and changes in forage quality during primary growth and three regrowths of irrigated winter cereals

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cutting Regimes

Selected cultivars of oats (3), barley (2), wheat (3), cereal rye (1) and triticale (3) were grown under irrigation at Trangie, N.S.W., in 1978 and 1980. Dry matter accumulation and changes in the moisture, nitrogen and phosphorus content and dry matter digestibility of forage were monitored at intervals of about 21 days during uninterrupted primary growth (June-September 1980). In a split-plot design the crops were cut at 80 days, 80 and 122 days, and 80, 122 and 164 days after sowing. Regrowth was sampled on two or three occasions to determine dry matter yield and quality. Most cultivars accumulated 16-20 t/ha of dry matter by the end of sampling in late September; cereal rye only yielded 14 t/ha. Early maturing Minhaffer oats produced the highest yield when uncut but regrew poorly after cutting. Under a 42-day cutting interval oats and barley yielded 12-13 t/ha, winter wheat yielded 10-11 t/ha and triticale yielded 10-1 2 t/ha. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of all forages decreased linearly during primary growth. Oats and wheat had similar digestibilities and these began to decrease rapidly 40-50 days before head emergence (mid-August). The early maturing barley and triticale cultivars had lower digestibilities than oats. Regular cutting maintained the nitrogen content and digestibility of all cultivars above 2.7% and 72% respectively. Dry matter accumulation was described by mathematical equations which allowed cultivars to be compared under different cutting regimes. They also allowed dry matter and digestible dry matter yields from different systems of cutting to be predicted for irrigated cereals in western New South Wales.

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