scholarly journals Effects of Baby Corn Density on the Crop and Weed Performance under Different Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1020
Author(s):  
Thieu Thi Phong Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thiem ◽  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Pham Van An
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Sole Cropping

This study was conducted to examine the effects of baby corn density on the crop and weed performance under two different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Treatments included four baby corn densities (D1= 138,888 plants ha-1, D2 = 111,111 plants ha-1, D3 = 92,592 plants ha-1, and D4 = 79,365 plants ha-1), and three intercropping methods (P0 = a sole cropping of baby corn, P1 = 1 row of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 10 plant m-2), and P2 = 2 rows of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 20 plants m-2)). Physiological characteristics and yield were measured for the baby corn and soybean. The weed species, weed frequency, and the growth of the weeds were recorded at the final harvesting time of the baby corn. The results showed that the yield of soybean and the growth of the weeds were statistically different under the different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Increasing the baby corn density increased the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and cob yield, but did not have a clear effect on the soybean yield under both intercropping methods. In addition, the P2 intercropping method produced significantly higher soybean yield and gave better results of weed growth reduction in comparison with the P1 intercropping method. In the P2 intercropping method, baby corn should be grown at a density of 111,111 plants ha-1 to optimize the population productivity and achieve reasonable weed control for the sustainability of agriculture.

scholarly journals Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as Influenced by Different Plating Pattern Under Okra - Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
A.K.M.R.B. Maduwanthi ◽  
Brintha Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sole Cropping

Compared to sole cropping, intercropping systems can more efficiently use the existing resources which ultimately lead to improved plant growth and dry matter accumulation. So, most of the farmers in developing countries can follow the intercropping systems with high yielding crop combinations. The experiment was carried out at the Crop Farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka in 2018 to investigate the growth and dry matter accumulation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as influenced by different planting patterns under okra-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) intercropping in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments were okra as a sole crop (T1), cowpea as a sole crop (T2), alternative planting of okra and cowpea (T3), 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T4 and T5) and 75/120 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T6 and T7). Plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights of plant, leaf area, leaf area index, canopy width and cumulative yield of okra were higher in T5, while chlorophyll content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) with different planting patterns. The present study concluded that 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T5) would be the most suitable planting system in sandy regosol to achieve better growth and dry matter in okra.

scholarly journals Field Pea Seed Residue: a Potential Alternative Weed Control Agent

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Marles ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Frederick A. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pea Seed

Field pea seed from bin cleaning operations stored overwinter on nearby cropland was observed to correlate with weed and crop growth suppression for up to three subsequent years. To explore the phenomenon more explicitly, plant growth suppression trials were undertaken with soil sampled 18 mo apart from two locations that had contained field pea seed residues. Test plant species grown in the residue-affected and nearby residue-free soils were compared in greenhouse experiments. Germination was either fully inhibited or emergence was delayed by more than one week. Dry matter accumulation of test species grown in residue-affected soil was significantly reduced compared to dry matter of these test species grown in residue-free soil (P < 0.0001). Canola and field pea were inhibited more than wheat and green foxtail over both years. Greenhouse trials also revealed that germination of wild oat was inhibited in the residue-affected soils, although wheat and grassy weeds were less suppressed than dicots overall. Significant reductions of weed species diversity and abundance were correlated to residue-affected soils (P < 0.0001) when compared to residue-free soils using multi-response permutations procedures. Germination of wheat and canola seed was inhibited, using aqueous extracts of weathered pea seeds or extracts of the residue-affected soil in bioassays in sterile media. An allelopathic response was proposed to explain the above results, indicating a need for further research on this system. Weed management strategies could be developed with field pea seed residues to provide innovative weed control techniques.

scholarly journals The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yikai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractDetermination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica–japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou1540’ (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica–japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

Source-sink optimization and morpho-physiological response of soybean [Glycine max] to detopping and mepiquat chloride application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Jaidka ◽  
J.S. Deol ◽  
Ramanjit Kaur ◽  
R. Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Effect of detopping and mepiquat chloride on morphological, physiological and yield attributes of soybean cultivar ‘SL 544’ was studied. A two year investigation was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments viz. control, detopping (removal of 4-5 cm apical portion of main stem) at 50-55 days after sowing (DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 200 ppm (50-55 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 200 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS), mepiquat chloride 250 ppm (50-55 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 250 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 300 ppm (50-55 DAS) and mepiquat chloride @ 300 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS) with four replications. Detopping had a non-significant effect on leaf area index, SPAD value, PAR interception, abscission of reproductive parts, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, pod length and stover yield of soybean. It significantly decreased plant height, increased total dry matter accumulation/plant, number of flowers and pods/plant, pod setting percentage and seed yield over control during 2014 and 2015. At crop harvest, detopping developed optimized source-sink relationship by means of distribution of total dry matter between stem, foliage and pods by 20.4, 14.9 and 64.6 % during 2014 while 22.6, 20.1 and 57.4 % during 2015, respectively. Mepiquat chloride posed a non-significant effect on plant height, PAR interception, number of flowers/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod length and stover yield of soybean but it significantly decreased leaf area index, abscission of reproductive parts while increased the dry matter accumulation/plant, number of pods/plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield relative to control. At harvest, two foliar applications of mepiquat chloride @ 250 ppm resulted in optimized source-sink relationship by the distribution of total dry matter among stem, foliage and pods by 20.6, 10.9 and 68.5 % during 2014 while 19.5, 7.6 and 72.9 % during 2015, respectively. Occurrence of more rainfall during 2015 as compared to 2014 caused mepiquat chloride to hike seed yield as compared to detopping which is clearly witnessed by increase in pod dry weight per plant during 2015 than 2014. Conclusively, both detopping and mepiquat chloride resulted in enhancement in source-sink relationship and seed yield of soybean.

scholarly journals Performance of Zero Tillage Potato Cultivation with Different Mulch Materials in the South-Western Saline Area of Bangladesh

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ali ◽  
Shahadat ◽  
Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Saline Area

Crop cultivation in the coastal saline area of Bangladesh during rabi season is limited due to late harvest of Aman rice, shorter winter period, difficulty in tillage, soil salinity, lack of fresh irrigation water etc. Zero tillage potato cultivation with mulching could minimize these obstacles and thereby increase system productivity. However, selection of mulching material is crucial for higher yield and economic return. An experiment was conducted at coastal saline area of Bangladesh during rabi 2018–19 to observe zero tillage potato performance under different mulch materials. Three locally available mulch materials were employed in the trial viz. rice straw (T1), rice husk (T2) and compost (T3) as control. Additionally, treatment T1 and T2 also received same amount of compost as T3. Results from single factor randomized complete block design with three replications showed that leaf dry matter, leaf area index and number of tuber per plant did not varied significantly. Significantly highest stem and root dry matter were found from T1 (69.56 kg ha−1) and T3 (138.92 kg ha−1), respectively. Rice husk (T2) produced numerically highest leaf dry matter (372.74 kg ha−1) and significantly lowest root dry matter (87.92 kg ha−1), which ultimately produced highest tuber yield (13.99 t ha−1) followed by rice straw (T1) (11.08 t ha−1). However, weed growth was highest in rice husk (1.16 t ha−1). Mulch treatments conserved 3.5 to 7.45% more moisture and 4.3% less salinity than control. Between two mulches rice straw is suggested for its profitability since it remains unused and readily available.

Weed Control for Close-Drilled Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Delayed planting or “stale seedbed” for weed control in close-drilled (20-cm rows) soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy’] was evaluated for 3 years. The system combined final seedbed preparation 3 to 6 weeks before planting with herbicide application at planting time. The best control of six weed species and highest soybean yields were obtained bya,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) application at the time of seedbed preparation followed by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (linuron) application at planting and by linuron application at planting without the early trifluralin application. Applications of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at planting, either with or without trifluralin treatments, resulted in less weed control and lower soybean yields than comparable treatments with linuron. However, even the best treatments failed to provide the weed control necessary to prevent substantial soybean yield reduction in heavy infestations of weeds that emerge in large numbers after planting, and that resist the phytotoxic action of the herbicides.

Competitive Abilities of Six Corn (Zea maysL.) Hybrids with Four Weed Control Practices

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Tyron Ford ◽  
Jane Mt. Pleasant
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Six corn hybrids were studied in field experiments in 1989 and 1990 to identify hybrids and corn plant characteristics that may be valuable in systems using reduced levels of weed control. Four weed control treatments (no-control, cultivation-only, band herbicide-plus-cultivation, and broadcast herbicide) represented main plots and maize hybrids were subplots. Medium-season hybrids with differences in height, early-season vigor, and leafiness were used. There were significant differences among hybrids in leaf angle, leaf width, leaf number, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), plant dry matter (DM) and grain and stover yields. Lower yielding hybrids had grain yields that ranged from 87 to 91% of the highest yielding hybrid. Aboveground corn characteristics were not correlated with weed numbers, weed cover, or weed biomass. A significant interaction between hybrid and weed control for grain yields was observed in 1989, suggesting that some hybrids are more competitive when weed pressure is high.

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and seed yield in indeterminate Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hardy ◽  
C. Huyghe ◽  
J. Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Lupinus Mutabilis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Maturity

Despite the high oil and protein content of the seeds, the agronomic potential of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, a South American lupin species, is limited because of its low seed yield and its uncertain maturity. Dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and seed yield, of 2 genotypes (early-maturing LM34 and late-maturing LM268) were studied in 2 seasons at 2 densities at Lusignan, France. Total dry matter at harvest was, on average, 680 g/m2. The mainstem and first-order branches mainly contributed to total plant biomass but pods were only produced on the mainstem. On average, across the different crops, the maximum leaf area index (LAI) was 2· 8. The duration of LAI above 2·5 was short and not correlated with the total dry matter production. The partitioning of the dry matter varied according to the genotype. LM34 showed enhanced pod growth, its harvest index (HI) was 0·32, and seed yield averaged 1·28 t/ha. LM268 showed enhanced vegetative growth, both HI and seed yield were lower (0·16 and 1·13 t/ha, respectively), and whole plant maturity was never reached. For both genotypes during the pod filling, no remobilisation of assimilates occurred from stems to pods.

scholarly journals Effect Of Planting Geometry On Growth Of Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted under humid subtropical agro-climatic condition of Nepal during rainy season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in to two factor Randomized Complete Block Design with  three replications consisting three drought tolerant rice varieties (Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Radha-4) and four planting geometry (15 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm). The results revealed that the highest plant height and maximum leaf area index was recorded in planting geometry 15 cm × 10 cm in all growth stages. Whereas, planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum number of tiller m-2 in all growth stage.  While planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm produced statistically similar crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation in all stage of growth. Regarding the varieties, Sukhadhan- 4 showed highest plant height up to 75 DAT and plant height was statistically similar to Radha - 4 in 60 and 75 DAT. But maximum number of tiller m-2, leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation were recorded in Sukhadhan – 5 varieties. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 423-429

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document