Genetic control of Populus tremuloides sensitivity to metabolites of Hypoxylon mammatum

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Kruger ◽  
Paul D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Tissue Culture Plantlets

Tissue culture plantlets derived from the vegetative buds of six aspen trees and from the seeds of controlled pollinations of these trees were bioassayed with culture filtrates from three isolates of Hypoxylon mammatum. Analysis of variance of parent and progeny bioassay responses revealed significant main effects and insignificant interaction, which suggests that metabolite sensitivity is a horizontally controlled trait. However, in certain crosses progeny response differed markedly from that of either parent. In these cases progeny were either far more or far less sensitive than the parents. This dramatic switching of sensitivity to the metabolites suggests that this trait is conditioned by a small number of genes. Key words: Populus tremuloides, Hypoxylon mammatum, phytotoxin.

Antifungal compounds in aspen: effect of water stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Kruger ◽  
Paul D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Tissue Culture Plantlets

A thin layer chromatography bioassay was used to detect antifungal compounds in tissue culture plantlets and potted seedlings of aspen. Catechol and the phenolic glycosides salicin and salicortin were identified as inhibitory compounds; a fourth compound was observed but was not identified. Inhibitory compound levels were estimated in eight tissue culture clones grown on unamended media and media amended with 0.22 M mannitol to induce water stress. Aspen tissue culture plantlets grown under water stress conditions had significantly lower levels of catechol, salicortin, and salicin. Significant clonal variation in levels of catechol, salicin, and the unidentified compound was also observed. Catechol, salicortin, and salicin were inhibitory to Hypoxylon mammatum when tested at levels similar to those employed in the thin layer chromatography bioassay. These results suggest that a reduction in the levels of inhibitory compounds in water-stressed aspen may be a factor in the water stress induced susceptibility of aspen to H. mammatum. Key words: Populus tremuloides, Hypoxylon mammatum, water stress, tissue culture.

Sensitivity of Populus tremuloides to toxic metabolites of Hypoxylon mammatum and susceptibility to H. mammatum infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Kruger ◽  
Paul D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
In Vitro Inoculation ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The response of 17 aspen tissue culture clones to bioassays with metabolites of Hypoxylon mammatum and in vitro inoculation with H. mammatum ascospores was determined. Although statistically significant variation among aspen clones was observed in response to both bioassays, response of the clones to the assays was not related (r = 0.361). This suggests that H. mammatum metabolites are not essential for the infection of tissue cultured aspen. Forty plantation-grown aspen differing in response to natural H. mammatum infection were also tested for sensitivity to metabolites of H. mammatum. Large differences in the sensitivity of the clones to the metabolites were observed, but these differences were not related to the disease condition of the clones. The toxic metabolites isolated from H. mammatum had no effect on the growth of fungi isolated from healthy aspen stems. Overall, these results suggest that the sensitivity of aspen to H. mammatum toxic metabolites is only one of the several factors influencing susceptibility. Key words: Populus tremuloides, Hypoxylon mammatum, phytotoxin.

scholarly journals Pacing in Time-Limited Ultramarathons from 6 to 24 Hours—The Aspects of Age, Sex and Performance Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Hagen Deusch ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
And Training ◽  
Age And Sex

(1) Background: Compared with marathon races, pacing in time-limited ultramarathons has only been poorly discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interaction of performance level, age and sex with pacing during 6 h, 12 h or 24 h time-limited ultramarathons. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 937, age 48.62 ± 11.80 years) were the finishers in 6 h (n = 40, 17 women and 23 men), 12 h (n = 232, 77 women and 155 men) and 24 h (n = 665, 166 women and 409 men) ultramarathons. The coefficient of variation (CV), calculated as SD/mean, was used to described pacing. Low scores of CV denoted a more even pacing, and vice versa. A two-way analysis of variance examined the main effects and interactions of sex and race duration on age, race speed and pacing. (3) Results: More men participated in the longer race distances than in the shorter ones and men were older and faster than women. Comparing the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h races, the finishers in the 6 h were the fastest, the finishers in the 12 h were the oldest and the finishers in the 24 h showed the most variable pacing. Furthermore, the faster running speed in the 12 h (women, r = −0.64; men, r = −0.49, p < 0.001) and the 24 h (r = −0.47 in women and men, p < 0.001) was related to less variable pacing. (4) Conclusions: These data might help runners and coaches to choose the the proper duration of a race and training programs for their athletes.

scholarly journals Impact du chancre hypoxylonien sur le tremble de 2 unités de gestion du Québec

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Louis Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum ◽  
The Impact

A survey was conducted in the management units of Portneuf and Grand-Portage, Québec to determine the impact of Hypoxylon canker (Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.)) on aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). In 78 forest stands (2340 stems) of Portneuf, sampling revealed 2.6% of stems (2.0% of volume) affected or dead. In the 82 Grand-Portage stands (2460 stems) 4.1% of stems (2.8% of volume) were affected or dead. Other analyses were carried out on the frequency of the disease in relation to stand characteristics.Although annual losses which represent only a sixth of this evaluation are relatively low, we must emphasize that they are cumulative over the whole life of the stands. Moreover, the importance of the impact could increase if aspen was widely used.

Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neala Ambrosi-Randić ◽  
Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.

scholarly journals Analysis of Phenotypic Stability in 25 Cowpea Genotypes Across Six Environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Ngalamu ◽  
Silvestro Kaka Meseka ◽  
Beatrice Elohor Ifie ◽  
Kwadwo Ofori ◽  
John Saviour Yaw Eleblu
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Main Effects

Twenty-five cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) genotypes were evaluated across six contrasting environments for phenotypic yield stability. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes and the main effects. A1B×D, BC×M, L1B×M, A1B×M, and BA×I were the best performing and stable genotypes. The non-parametric analysis showed that genotype IT93K-503-1 had the highest yield and BC×D had the lowest yield. Shukla stability analysis revealed Beledi A and Dan lla as the most stable across test environments and genotypes A1B×D, BC×M and BA×I were good performers. The coefficient of variability graphical approach showed that genotypes BC×I, A1B×M, A1B×D, Dan lla, TA×M, Mouride, L1B×I, BC×M and L1B×D were high yielding. This implies they would do well across the testing sites. However, genotype IT93K-503-1 should be promoted for cultivation in drought-prone environments.

scholarly journals Mass Propagation of Feronia limonia L. through Tissue Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahina Islam ◽  
Mosfequa Zahan ◽  
Shahina Akter ◽  
Tanjina Akhtar Banu ◽  
Ahashan Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Mass Propagation

An efficient mass propagation method for Feronia limonia was developed from excised shoot tips and nodal explants of in vitro grown seedlings. Explants were cultured on MS medium with different conc. of NAA, Kn, IAA and BAP singly or in combinations. Highest number of micro shoots and better plant growth were obtained from these two explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP alone. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro raised plantlets were successfully established in soil following the formation of roots with 100% survivability under ex vitro condition. Key words: Feronia limonia; Mass propagation; Node; Shoot tips; Multiple shoot DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5186 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 75-78, 2010

Problem-Solving Performances of First-Grade Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Steffe ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

A sample of 111 first-grade children was partitioned into 4 categories, where the categorization was determined by an ability to make quantitative comparisons and IQ. 6 problems of each of 8 problem types were presented to each child in a randomized sequence. Approximately one-half of the children in each category were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of Problem Conditions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that IQ was not significant. Problem Conditions was significant (p<.01p<.01). Univariate analysis indicated a significant interaction (p<.05p<.05) due to Quantitative Comparisons and Problem Conditions for 1 problem type; significant main effects (p<.01p<.01) due to Problem Conditions for the remaining 7 problem types; and a significant (p<.05p<.05) main effect due to Quantitative Comparisons for 1 of the remaining 7 problem types.

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