The effects of physical damage on seed production in flowering plants of Saponaria officinalis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lokker ◽  
Paul B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Defoliation Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Saponaria Officinalis

Individual flowering ramets in a large riverbank stand of Saponaria officinalis, bouncingbet, were subjected to three damage treatments at anthesis: removal of most flowers, removal of all leaves, and bending of the stem just below the inflorescence. All seeds were collected from ripened capsules of treated plants as well as from a group shaded by a canopy of Convolvulus sepium and from an untreated control group. Seeds from the defloration treatment were significantly heavier than those from the other treatments. In the control, bent stem, and shaded treatments the seed masses were distributed in a bimodal manner, with most seeds forming a normal distribution around a midpoint of 1.5–1.7 mg and a cohort of heavy seeds having a mean mass of 2.5 mg. This heavy cohort (mode) was missing from the defoliation treatment. Of the total variation in seed mass, 36% was among individuals, 54% was among inflorescences within individuals, and only 10% was within inflorescences. This suggests that resources are allocated differentially between capsules at different positions on the inflorescence but almost uniformly within the individual capsule. Key words: defoliation, defloration, bouncingbet, seed production, Saponaria officinalis.

The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biocontrol agent of Eriophyes pyri (Acari: Eriophyidae) on pear

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Praslička ◽  
Janka Schlarmannová ◽  
Barbora Matejovičová ◽  
Ján Tancík
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractThe effectiveness of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri and of an application of Polysulphide-Ca was compared during 2006–2008. The experiment showed differences in infestation levels of pear leaves caused by Eriophyes pyri. The highest percentage of leaves with symptoms was found in untreated control group (⊘ 20.9%); the lowest percentage was found in plots treated with T. pyri (⊘ 3.7%); and a slightly higher percentage was found in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca (⊘ 8.6%). During 2006–2008 the percentage of leaves with symptoms was approximately the same only in the untreated control plots (from 20.3% to 21.5%). The percentage of leaves with characteristic symptoms in plots treated with T. pyri decreased from 5.5% in 2006 to 4.3% in 2007, and to 1.3% in 2008. On the other hand, the percentage of leaves with symptoms in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca increased from 5.5% in 2006 to 8.5% in 2007, and to 11.8% in 2008. The intensity of symptoms on infested leaves was also different depending on treatments and years. The average biological activity was 82.4% in plots receiving releases of T. pyri and 58.8% in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of various therapeutic protocols in the treatment of pyometra in bitches

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jena ◽  
KS Rao ◽  
KCS Reddy ◽  
KBP Raghavender
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Abdominal Palpation ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols

This study was undertaken on canine pyometra and consisted of 28 bitches of different breeds with known breeding history and open type of pyometra. The diagnosis of pyometra was made by correlating the history and clinical signs with the findings of abdominal palpation, radiography and ultrasonography. The physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and at the end of therapy. The clinical cases were divided randomly into four different groups with each group consisting of seven bitches. One untreated control group in which bitches were given only supportive therapies was included. The bitches in the other three groups were treated using natural PGF<sub>2</sub>&alpha; or synthetic PGF<sub>2</sub>&alpha; or a combination of a dopamine agonist prolactin-inhibiting drug, i.e., cabergoline and lower dose of synthetic PGF<sub>2</sub>&alpha; (Cloprostenol) along with supportive therapies. Treatment of canine pyometra by the use of different drugs was found to be successful. Though a lower dose of cloprostenol was effective in treating pyometra, it is not recommended due to high rates of recurrence and lower conception rates. Treatment of canine pyometra using a combination of a dopamine agonist prolactin-inhibiting drug (Cabergoline) and a lower dose of synthetic PGF<sub>2</sub>&alpha; (Cloprostenol) was found to be the most effective method among the three therapeutic protocols used in the present study. &nbsp;

Therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and artemisinin in different phases of trichinellosis: a comparative experimental study

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amal Farahat Allam ◽  
Reham Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Wael Lotfy ◽  
Hoda Fahmy Farag ◽  
Naglaa Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Untreated Control Group

Abstract The present work aimed at studying the efficacy of mebendazole (MBZ) compared to artemisinin (ART) for the treatment of trichinellosis at various phases of infection. Seventy Swiss albino mice were orally infected by 300 Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) larvae. Mice were divided into infected untreated control group and infected groups treated with 50 mg kg−1 MBZ and 300 mg kg−1 ART for three and five consecutive days, respectively, at the enteral phase [2–4 days post infection (PI)], invasive phase (10–12 days PI) and encapsulated phase (28–30 days PI). All mice were sacrificed 35–42 days PI. MBZ and ART revealed a significant decrease in mean larval counts and increase of larval per cent reduction (LR %) when treatment was initiated during the enteral phase compared to the other phases. MBZ showed significantly higher LR % (99.7, 83.95 and 89.65%) than ART (80.58, 67.0 and 79.2%) when administered at the three infection phases. Histopathological study showed a decrease in the number of encysted larvae, their surrounding cellular infiltrates and increased regenerative muscles in all treated mice. In conclusion, ART possesses a substantial anthelmintic activity against T. spiralis infection in mice both at the enteral and encapsulated phases, yet, significantly lower than MBZ.

The efficacy of collars impregnated with flumethrin and propoxur against experimental infestations of adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Counts

The efficacy of 2 sets of collars (Kiltix(R) Collar, Bayer AG), containing different plasticisers and impregnated with the acaricides flumethrin (2.25 %) and propoxur (10 %), was compared against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on experimentally infested, kennelled dogs. Thirty individually penned dogs were infested with 25 male and 25 female, unfed R. sanguineus. On the following day they were allocated to 3 groups of 10 dogs each on the magnitude of their tick burdens. Two days after infestation, medicated collars containing 1 of the plasticisers were fitted to 10 of the dogs and similar collars containing the other plasticiser were fitted to 10 others. The remaining 10 dogs were the untreated controls. Seven and 28 days after having fitted the collars, all dogs were re-infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of both sexes, and again at approximately 28-day intervals up to the 5th month, and then at approximately 14-day intervals during the 6th month. Efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live, attached ticks on the untreated control group with those on the collared dogs 2 days after each re-infestation. Immediate efficacy of the collars (Day +2) was > 95 %, and residual efficacy was > 98% up to and including Day +114, and > 93 % up to Day +170 on both groups of collared dogs. The mean tick counts on the 2 groups of collared dogs did not differ significantly (P < 0.0001) for any of the assessment days.

Seed production in cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.). 1. Flowering time, abortion, seed size, and hardseededness along branches

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Smith ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
M. A. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reproductive Timing ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Seed production in cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.) was investigated at the level of the individual inflorescence. Plants were grown in nursery rows under non-limiting conditions until 150 days after sowing, at which time irrigation was stopped to truncate the growing season. The number of florets, and the number, mass, and impermeability of seeds, were determined for each inflorescence along the main branches, and were related to the date and node of flowering. The interval between subsequent flowers increased (3·4 days at node 2 v. 7·3 days at node 7) and the rate of floret abortion increased (14% at node 1 v. 49% at node 7) with successive inflorescences along the branch, even while moisture conditions remained favourable. These effects are attributed to resource limitation during the latter stages of plant growth. On the other hand, seeds per floret and seed mass were unaffected by the node of flowering but declined rapidly once irrigation ceased. Hardseededness was not affected by either node of flowering or date of flowering, before or after the cessation of irrigation. Mean initial hardseededness from inflorescences produced after irrigation ceased was slightly higher than that from earlier formed inflorescences (99·6% v. 94·1%, P < 0·001). The results highlight the importance of reproductive timing in an environment with a limited growing season, since seed production fell rapidly once water conditions became unfavourable. They suggest that seed production in cluster clover is near to its potential while conditions remain favourable, although resource limitation may reduce the rate of flowering and increase floret abortion as the plant matures. Although unfavourable water conditions may sharply reduce production of viable seeds, in cluster clover the initial impermeability of those seeds is not affected, possibly a benefit of rapid seed formation.

Electric shock conditioning of sheep to avoid feed supplement troughs in field investigations of diet supplementation.

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJD Martin ◽  
DA Pritchard ◽  
RGA Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Electric Fence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Rejection Rates

We examined the possibility of conditioning grazing sheep not to eat freely available supplements. The technique used a standard electric fence energizer connected to a trough filled with molasses. A flock of 60 wethers and another flock of 120 ewe and wether hoggets were each divided into three treatment groups. All treatment groups were initially allowed access to the molasses trough with the energizer switched off. After two days, the control group was removed while the energizer was switched on for the other two groups; the voltage was measured at 6,500 volts. Sheep in one group were removed from the yard after one day's exposure while the other sheep were left with the energizer on for a further two days. One and four weeks later all sheep were exposed to the molasses trough without the energizer turned on. The wethers and hoggets were then placed in 120 and 250 ha paddocks. Numbers of sheep visiting the troughs were checked 6, 18, 22 and 26 weeks after introduction. Total success was achieved in creating avoiders and acceptors in their respective groups in the yard. None of the control group rejected supplements throughout the experiment in the paddocks. However, for the other wether groups between 70% and 73% respectively rejected the supplement. For the hogget groups the rejection rates were 74% and 70%. The behaviour and conditioning of the animals to avoid the troughs particularly stressful to the individual sheep. While the technique supplemented and non-supplemented sheep within one paddock.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

Gewalt und Kommunikation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Jens Bonnemann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Normal Case ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
The Individual

In ethics, when discussing problems of justice and a just social existence one question arises obviously: What is the normal case of the relation between I and you we start from? In moral philosophy, each position includes basic socio-anthropological convictions in that we understand the other, for example, primarily as competitor in the fight for essential resources or as a partner in communication. Thus, it is not the human being as isolated individual, or as specimen of the human species or socialised member of a historical society what needs to be understood. Instead, the individual in its relation to the other or others has been studied in phenomenology and the philosophy of dialogue of the twentieth century. In the following essay I focus on Martin Buber’s and Jean-Paul Sartre’s theories of intersubjectivity which I use in order to explore the meaning of recognition and disrespect for an individual. They offer a valuable contribution to questions of practical philosophy and the socio-philosophical diagnosis of our time.

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