Determination of allelopathic potential of a weed Pluchea lanceolata through a multifaceted approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Inderjit ◽  
Surinder Kaur ◽  
K. M. M. Dakshini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Pluchea Lanceolata ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Biotic Characteristics

The allelopathic potential of soils from four sites infested with the weed Pluchea lanceolate (DC.) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae) was investigated. All sites had similar precipitation, similar crops, and weeds in addition to P. lanceolata. The objectives of this study were threefold: first, variations in the allelopathic effects of P. lanceolata infested soils on growth of three crops; second, soil phenolic content as a result of P. lanceolata infestation; and third, if the chemical characteristics and mycoflora of soils and biotic characteristics of P. lanceolata are responsible for the differences in allelopathic potential. Allelopathic effects of P. lanceolata infested soils were assessed on seedling growth of onion, cucumber, and turnip. Qualitative variation in the soil phenolic content from the four P. lanceolata infested sites was observed. No significant differences in soil mycoflora, soil nutrients, and P. lanceolata biotic characteristics were observed. Growth experiments showed mat crops demonstrated variation in allelopathic response to the soils from the four P. lanceolata infested sites. The present study indicates mat in natural field conditions, allelopathic potential of P. lanceolata varies because of agricultural practices specific to each site. Keywords: allelopathy, Asteraceae, interference, phenolics, soil nutrients, weed.

scholarly journals Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Australian Grown Berries by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Vigasini Subbiah ◽  
Biming Zhong ◽  
Malik A. Nawaz ◽  
Colin J. Barrow ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin

Berries are grown worldwide with the most consumed berries being blackberries (Rubus spp.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and strawberries (Fragaria spp.). Berries are either consumed fresh, frozen, or processed into wines, juices, and jams. In recent times, researchers have focused their attention on berries due to their abundance in phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and their antioxidant potential followed by characterization and quantification using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. Blueberries were highest in TPC (2.93 ± 0.07 mg GAE/gf.w.) and TFC (70.31 ± 1.21 µg QE/gf.w.), whereas the blackberries had the highest content in TTC (11.32 ± 0.13 mg CE/gf.w.). Blueberries had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (1.69 ± 0.09 mg AAE/gf.w.), FRAP (367.43 ± 3.09 µg AAE/gf.w.), TAC (1.47 ± 0.20 mg AAE/gf.w.) and ABTS was highest in strawberries (3.67 ± 0.14 mg AAE/gf.w.). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS study identified a total of 65 compounds including 42 compounds in strawberries, 30 compounds in raspberries, 28 compounds in blueberries and 21 compounds in blackberries. The HPLC-PDA quantification observed phenolic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic) and flavonoid (quercetin-3-rhamnoside) higher in blueberries compared to other berries. Our study showed the presence of phenolic acids and provides information to be utilized as an ingredient in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals Changing the Culture of Ordering Urine Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s162-s162
Author(s):  
Jane Adams ◽  
Thomas File ◽  
Matthew England ◽  
Nancy Reynolds ◽  
Patricia Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Infectious Disease Service ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
Successful Reduction

Background: Inappropriate ordering of urine cultures and the resulting unnecessary use of antibiotics can lead to complications of antimicrobial therapy including resistance, adverse effects (eg, disruption of microbiome and C. difficile infection), and increased healthcare costs, as well as the erroneous determination of CAUTI in patients with Foley catheters. A retrospective analysis of patients with CAUTI revealed frequent ordering of urine cultures for conditions and symptoms not supported by current IDSA guidelines. As a result, we created an action plan to reverse the trend of inappropriate urine culture ordering. Methods: Our urine culture reduction campaign was developed with input from the infectious disease service, antibiotic stewardship team (AST), infection prevention, pharmacy, and the microbiology service. The following educational efforts were included: (1) distribution of outpatient pocket cards with communication to providers about appropriate ordering of urine cultures; (2) creation of an evidence-based order set for urinalysis and urine cultures distributed electronically as emails and screensavers on computer stations and in person via didactic sessions with physicians and nursing staff; (3) a practice pointer for staff nurses that included recommended changes to urine culture ordering and encouraged open dialogue with physicians regarding the appropriateness of urine cultures; (4) didactic and personal communications to counter long-standing myths, such as “Urine cultures always for change in mental status”; (5) a peer-review process to evaluate and justify deviations from the testing algorithm.Results: The first and second months after the introduction of the campaign, the microbiology laboratory reported 23% and 37% reductions in urine cultures ordered, respectively. During the same period, a 48% reduction in CAUTIs was reported for the entire health system. Conclusions: Reducing the number of inappropriate urine cultures is achievable with intense communication utilizing a multifaceted approach. With continued educational activities, we expect to sustain and even improve our successful reduction of inappropriate urine culture orders, ultimately improving patient outcomes.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽  
Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

scholarly journals Application of the Folin-Ciocalteu method to the evaluation of Salvia sclarea extracts

Pharmacia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Hudz ◽  
Oksana Yezerska ◽  
Mariia Shanajda ◽  
Vladimira Horčinová Sedláčková ◽  
Piotr P. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Level

Polyphenols are valuable group of phytoconstituents due to their high antioxidant activity and healing properties. Antioxidant properties of sages are attributed mainly to a high level of phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to elaborate an analytical procedure for the evaluation of the content of secondary metabolites of the polyphenol nature in the herb of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Four crude extracts of Salvia sclarea herb obtained with different technologies were used to develop an analytical procedure for the total phenolic content (TPC) assay by spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions for the analysis (time of the reaction, wavelength, and reference substances) were chosen and experimentally justified (60–80 min, 760 nm, gallic acid and rutin, respectively). Under these conditions, the developed analytical procedure is robust in the indicated time and easy for performing in phytochemical or technological laboratories. The yield of TPC from the herb of Salvia sclarea was the highest in the extracts prepared by heating at a temperature of 36–46 °C and with using the ultrasonic bath. TPC was the highest in the extract in which solvent-to-herb ratio was the least (10:1) and particle size was in the range of 2–5 mm. As a result of the studies, the analytical procedure of the determination of TPC was developed and its parameters were justified. This methodology complies with the requirements for pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the reliability of results during pharmaceutical development and routine control of Salvia sclarea extracts.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Water, Total Acid Number, and Phenolic Content in Bio-Crude from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass using FT-IR

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 7660-7669 ◽  
Author(s):  
René B. Madsen ◽  
Konstantinos Anastasakis ◽  
Patrick Biller ◽  
Marianne Glasius
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Ft Ir

Harvest and postharvest factors.

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-290
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Robotic Harvesting

Abstract This chapter discusses harvest and postharvest factors. Harvesting involves the gathering or removal of a mature crop, with minimum damage and losses, from where it has been grown and transporting it on either for direct consumption or into the postharvest handling chain for further storage and distribution. Determination of harvest maturity, hand harvesting, robotic harvesting of greenhouse crops, postharvest handling, grading and storage, fresh-cut salad processing, shelf-life evaluation, packaging, postharvest cooling, postharvest handling damage, GAP - Good Agricultural practices in Postharvest Handling, postharvest storage, postharvest disorders, food safety and hygiene, ready-to-eat, minimally processed produce, certification and food safety systems, and postharvest developments are also discussed.

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