Lactoferrin potentially facilitates glucose regulation and enhances the incretin effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Maekawa ◽  
Akihiko Sugiyama ◽  
Takashi Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Total Plasma

Lactoferrin (Lf) is known for its physiologically pleiotropic properties. In this study, we investigated whether Lf affects glycemic regulation, including glucose absorption from the small intestine. Bovine Lf (bLf, 100 mg/kg body mass) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection before intravenous (intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGTT) or oral glucose administration (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT). With IVGTT, bLf pretreatment had no significant effect on plasma levels of glucose or insulin. With OGTT, the bLf treatment group tended to show lower plasma levels of glucose than the control group at and after the 15 min peak, and decreased levels of plasma glucose at 180 min. The change in plasma levels of insulin from 0 to 30 min was higher in the bLf treatment group than in the control group. Total plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was lowered at 60 min by the bLf treatment, while an immediate increase in total plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was observed within the bLf group undergoing OGTT. In addition, bLf was associated with an increase in the amount of glucose absorbed into the everted jejunum sac. These results suggest that Lf could suppress hyperglycemia, accompanied by elevated plasma levels of insulin via transiently accelerating GLP-1 secretion, and that Lf even enhances glucose absorption from the small intestine.

Plasma but not serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration is decreased by oral glucose tolerance test-induced hyperglycemia in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Araki ◽  
Yukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Reiko Saito ◽  
Aoi Kawakita ◽  
Mami Eguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

AbstractBackground:Little is known regarding the relationships among circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and glucose or insulin in children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circulating BDNF levels would change during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Methods:We performed the OGTT and measured the serial changes in BDNF levels in both plasma and serum.Results:There were 22 subjects in the normal type (N) group and 20 in the borderline/diabetic type (B/D) group, defined by the results of the OGTT. Serum levels of BDNF were almost five times higher and plasma levels gradually decreased during the OGTT, whereas serum levels showed no significant change. The reduction of plasma BDNF level changes from baseline to 120 min were significantly different between the N and B/D groups (36.3% vs. 20.8%, p=0.023).Conclusions:Our results showed that plasma levels of BDNF are more sensitive to acute changes in glucose or insulin levels than serum.

Evidence that the oral glucose-tolerance test does not provide a uniform stimulus to pancreatic islets in pregnancy.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1482-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A de Leacy ◽  
D M Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Load

Abstract Fifty consecutive pregnant patients referred for a glucose-tolerance test were classified on the basis of increasing (n = 20) or decreasing (n = 28) hematocrit after an oral 75-g glucose load. (The hematocrit did not change in the other two patients.) Patients with increasing hematocrit, a response previously seen in patients with the dumping syndrome, showed significantly flatter increases in glucose concentrations in plasma after the load. The mean decrease in the concentration of phosphate in plasma, measured as an index of glucose uptake by cells, was significantly less (P less than 0.05) 2 h after the load in the group with flatter glucose responses, suggesting that the flat response is ascribable to poor glucose absorption rather than to an exaggerated insulin response. These results indicate that the oral glucose-tolerance test stresses the pancreatic islets differently in different pregnant subjects, owing to individual variations in the gastrointestinal handling of the glucose load. Consequently, patients may give a "normal" result who might otherwise become hyperglycemic after normal meals. We suggest that alternative screening procedures be investigated to assess pregnant patients postprandially.

scholarly journals Effect of a Chronic Intake of the Natural Sweeteners Xylitol and Erythritol on Glucose Absorption in Humans with Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Valentine Bordier ◽  
Fabienne Teysseire ◽  
Götz Schlotterbeck ◽  
Frank Senner ◽  
Christoph Beglinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

In patients with obesity, accelerated nutrients absorption is observed. Xylitol and erythritol are of interest as alternative sweeteners, and it has been shown in rodent models that their acute ingestion reduces intestinal glucose absorption. This study aims to investigate whether a chronic intake of xylitol and erythritol impacts glucose absorption in humans with obesity. Forty-six participants were randomized to take either 8 g of xylitol or 12 g of erythritol three times a day for five to seven weeks, or to be part of the control group (no substance). Before and after the intervention, intestinal glucose absorption was assessed during an oral glucose tolerance test with 3-Ortho-methyl-glucose (3-OMG). The effect of xylitol or erythritol intake on the area under the curve for 3-OMG concentration was not significant. Neither the time (pre or post intervention), nor the group (control, xylitol, or erythritol), nor the time-by-group interaction effects were significant (p = 0.829, p = 0.821, and p = 0.572, respectively). Therefore, our results show that a chronic intake of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol does not affect intestinal glucose absorption in humans with obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of Gongronema latifolium on lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test and some hematological parameters in fructoseinduced hyperglycemia in rats Idara Asuquo Okon1, Usenobong Friday Ufot2*, Ufuoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idara Asuquo Okon ◽  
Usenobong Friday Ufot ◽  
Ufuoma Gabriel Onoyeraye ◽  
Elvis Onukwugha Nwachukwu ◽  
Daniel Udofia Owu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium (GL) has been used traditionally in the management of various ailments. The effects of GL on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fructose-induced hyperglycaemia were studied. Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Control was received normal rat chow, fructose + G. latifolium group was received 66% D-fructose mixed with 34% chow and crude leaf extract of GL daily. Fructose only group was received 66% D-fructose and the fourth group was received GL extract only respectively for 30 days. All animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. Oral blood glucose tolerance test was determined using 2 g/Kg in all groups of rats and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for haematological and biochemical analyses. The blood glucose level was significantly raised in fructose-fed only group (140.6 ± 2.9 mg/dl) when compared to GL + fructose group (110.3 ±5.8 mg/dl) and control (88.1 ± 3.6 mg/dl). There was observed significant reductions in blood glucose and glucose tolerance following GL supplementation. The lipid profile values were significantly higher in fructose-fed group compared with other groups but these levels were significantly reduced following GL supplementation. The white blood cells (WBC) and platelets count in GL and fructose + GL group were significantly raised when compared with the control group. The red cell parameters were not significantly altered compared to the control group. The results show that the consumption of G. latifolium reduces hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia hence the cardiovascular risk factors observed in diabetes mellitus.

Effects of resistance exercise on glucose tolerance in normal and glucose-intolerant subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fluckey ◽  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
J. K. Brambrink ◽  
K. K. Hart ◽  
K. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Young Control ◽  
Control Subjects

This study was conducted to determine whether improvements in glucose tolerance could be observed after a single bout of resistance exercise in young (27.1 +/- 1.24 yr) control subjects, older (53.3 +/- 1.7 yr) patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and older (50.7 +/- 1.9 yr) age-matched control subjects. Each subject was screened for fitness level and any contraindications to exercise before inclusion in the study. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered 2 wk after the subjects were screened, and the subjects were familiarized with the exercise equipment. The maximum weight that could be lifted with one repetition was determined on seven Nautilus machines that utilized the upper and lower body. After a 48-h rest period, a 3-set x 10-repetition protocol based on the subject's one repetition maximum was completed by each participant on each machine. Eighteen hours after the lifting protocol, a second oral glucose tolerance test was administered. There was no change in the pre- to post-exercise glucose levels in any of the treatment groups, but the total insulin responses (area under the curve) of the young control and NIDDM groups were significantly lower after exercise: from 6.93 +/- 0.8 x 10(3) to 5.38 +/- 0.65 x 10(3) pM in the young control group and from 9.83 +/- 1.95 x 10(3) to 7.77 +/- 1.50 x 10(3) pM in the NIDDM group. The postexercise C-peptide levels were unchanged in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Intestinal transit of a glucose bolus and incretin kinetics: a mathematical model with application to the oral glucose tolerance test

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. E955-E965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serenella Salinari ◽  
Alessandro Bertuzzi ◽  
Geltrude Mingrone
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

The rate of appearance (Ra) of exogenous glucose in plasma after glucose ingestion is presently measured by tracer techniques that cannot be used in standard clinical testing such as the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We propose a mathematical model that represents in a simple way the gastric emptying, the transport of glucose along the intestinal tract, and its absorption from gut lumen into portal blood. The model gives the Ratime course in terms of parameters with a physiological counterpart and provides an expression for the release of incretin hormones as related to glucose transit into gut lumen. Glucose absorption was represented by assuming two components related to a proximal and a distal transporter. Model performance was evaluated by numerical simulations. The model was then validated by fitting OGTT glucose and GLP-1 data in healthy controls and type 2 diabetic patients, and useful information was obtained for the rate of gastric emptying, the rate of glucose absorption, the Raprofile, the insulin sensitivity, and the glucose effectiveness. Model-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity were well correlated ( r = 0.929 in controls and 0.886 in diabetic patients) to data obtained from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Although the proposed OGTT analysis requires the measurement of an additional hormone concentration (GLP-1), it appears to be a reasonable choice since it avoids complex and expensive techniques, such as isotopes for glucose Rameasurement and direct assessment of gastric emptying and intestinal transit, and gives additional correlated information, thus largely compensating for the extra expense.

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